Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü ve Nedenleri (2001-2021)

Zabihullah Saayi; Erhan Örselli

doi:10.62425/jirs.1950146

TR EN

Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü ve Nedenleri (2001-2021)

Abstract

Afganistan siyasi sisteminin 2021 yılındaki çöküşü, devlet kurma başarısızlığının en belirgin örneklerinden biridir. Bu makale, 2001-2021 yılları arasında Afganistan siyasi sisteminin kırılganlığı, başarısızlığı ve çöküşünün temel nedenlerini incelemektedir. Belgesel kaynaklara ve uluslararası raporlara dayanan betimleyici-analitik bir yöntem kullanan bu çalışma, kapsamlı uluslararası desteğe rağmen bu hızlı çöküşe yol açan iç ve dış faktörleri araştırmaktadır. Bulgular, çöküşün ani bir olaydan ziyade yirmi yıllık yapısal bir başarısızlığın sonucu olduğunu göstermektedir. Eş zamanlı ve karşılıklı olarak birbirini güçlendiren çok sayıda faktör belirleyici bir rol oynamıştır. Bunlar arasında zayıf siyasi meşruiyet, aşırı merkezileştirilmiş yapı, yapısal yolsuzluk, kurumsal verimsizlik, dış yardıma aşırı bağımlılık, etnik çatışmalar, kimlik krizleri ve gelenek ile modernite arasındaki zıtlık yer almaktadır. Çalışma, kapsamlı uluslararası destek sağlansa bile, meşruiyetin kurumsallaştırılması ve iç dinamiklerin güçlendirilmesi olmadan devlet inşasının uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirliğe sahip olamayacağı sonucuna varmaktadır.

Keywords

Kırılgan Devlet, Başarısız Devlet, Devlet İnşası, Siyasal Sistem, Afganistan

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, 2025 yılında Prof. Dr. Erhan Örselli danışmanlığında hazırlanan “Afganistan’da Devlet İnşası Süreci ve Kırılgan Devlet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme” başlıklı doktora tezinden üretilmiştir.

The Collapse of the Political System in Afghanistan within the Context of Fragile-Failed State and Its Causes (2001-2021)

Abstract

The collapse of Afghanistan’s political system in 2021 is a prominent example of state-building failure. This article examines the root causes of the fragility, failure, and collapse of the Afghan political system between 2001 and 2021. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary sources and international reports, the study investigates the internal and external factors that led to this rapid collapse despite extensive international support. The findings demonstrate that the collapse was not a sudden event but the result of a twenty-year structural failure. A multitude of simultaneous and mutually reinforcing factors played a decisive role. These include weak political legitimacy, an over-centralized structure, structural corruption, institutional inefficiency, extreme dependence on foreign aid, ethnic conflicts, identity crises, and the clash between tradition and modernity. The study concludes that state-building lacks long-term sustainability without the institutionalization of legitimacy and the strengthening of domestic dynamics, regardless of comprehensive international support.

Keywords

Afghanistan, Fragile State, Failed State, State Building, Political System

Supporting Institution

There is no supporting organization.

Ethical Statement

This study is derived from the doctoral thesis entitled "The State-Building Process in Afghanistan and an Evaluation in the Context of a Fragile State," prepared in 2025 under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Erhan Örselli.

References

ADB. (2024). Poverty data: Afghanistan. https://www.adb.org/where-we-work/afghanistan/poverty
Afganistan Devleti. (2004). Afganistan Anayasası. Afganistan Resmî Gazetesi, 818.
Afghan Voice Agency-AVA. (2018). Qalamro-e Daesh dar Afghanistan ta kojast? [DEAŞ’ın Afganistan’daki nüfuz alanı nereye kadar?]. Afghan Voice Agency. https://www.avapress.com/fa/report/162152/
Afridi, A. A. (2023). The great game of 19th century: The significance of tribal belt as buffer to the buffer state of Afghanistan. Global Social Sciences Review, VIII(I), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).09
Al Jazeera. (2020). Afghanistan’s presidential election: Ashraf Ghani declared winner. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/18/afghanistans-presidential-election-ashraf-ghani-declared-winner
Altınsoy, Z. D. (2024). Afganistan ve çatışma sorunları. Z. Akbaş, V. Babahanoğlu & M. F. Argın (Ed.), Uluslararası çatışma bölgeleri: Aktörler, eylemler ve dönüşümler içinde (ss. 209-228). Dora Yayınları.
Andişmend, M. İ. (2021). Chera artesh-e Afghanistan dar jang ba Taliban dochar-e za’f va shekast shod? [Afganistan ordusu Taliban’la savaşta neden zayıfladı ve yenildi?]. Khorasan Zameen. http://www.khorasanzameen.net/php/read.php?&id=4979
Ariana News. (2017). John Kerry: Ba tashkil-e hokumat-e vahdat-e melli az jang-e dakheli jelogiri kardim [John Kerry: Ulusal birlik hükümeti kurarak iç savaşı önledik]. https://www.ariananews.af/fa/
Arvin, E. (2016). Efratgarayi va bazi-e qodrat dar Afghanistan [Afganistan’da aşırılık ve güç oyunu]. BBC Persian. https://www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan-38142355
Asey, T. (2019). The price of inequality: The dangerous rural-urban divide in Afghanistan. Global Security Review. https://globalsecurityreview.com/inequality-dangerous-rural-urban-divide-afghanistan/

Azadiradio. (2020a). Ruz-e jahani-e rishe-kani-e faqr; 90 darsad-e Afghan-ha zir-e khat-e faqr zendegi mikonand [Dünya Yoksulluğu Yok Etme Günü; Afganların %90’ı yoksulluk sınırının altında yaşıyor]. https://da.azadiradio.com/a/30898016.html
Azadiradio. (2020b). Dideban-e shafafiyat: 55 darsad-e mardom-e Afghanistan baray-e hall-e monaze’at be jirga-ha moraje’e mikonand [Şeffaflık İzleme: Afganistan halkının %55’i anlaşmazlıkların çözümü için jirgalara başvuruyor]. https://da.azadiradio.com/a/30737595.html
Bahman, S. N. (2013). Good governance in Afghanistan: Challenges and solutions. https://www.nispa.org/files/conferences/2013/papers/201304161057480.Paper_Bachmann.pdf
Bashardost, Z. & Ahmadi, J. (2019). The main challenges of public management in Afghanistan and the possible solutions. Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 2(4), 865-875. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.02.04.125
BBC. (2013). Research summary: Accountability in Afghanistan. https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediaaction/pdf/Research_Summary_Afghanistan_Accountability_Final.pdf
Bingöl, O. (2015). Başarısız devletler, kavramlar, nedenler ve sonuçlar. Barış Kitabevi.
Center for Strategic and Regional Studies-CSRS. (2017). Jang-e Afghanistan; 16 sal ba’d az hamalat-e 11 septambar [Afganistan savaşı; 11 Eylül saldırılarından 16 yıl sonra]. https://csrsaf.org/
Chaudhuri, S. (2018). The latest poverty numbers for Afghanistan: A call to action, not a reason for despair. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/endpovertyinsouthasia/latest-poverty-numbers-afghanistan-call-action-not-reason-despair
Cullather, N. (2002). Damming Afghanistan: Modernization in a buffer state. The Journal of American History. https://archive.oah.org/special-issues/teaching/2002_09/article.pdf
Di John, J. (2008). Conceptualising the causes and consequences of failed states: A critical review of the literature (Working Paper No. 25). Crisis States Research Centre.
Dobbins, J. (2017). Pas az Taliban: Mellat-sazi dar Afghanistan [Taliban sonrası: Afganistan’da ulus inşası]. Maksodi Yayınları ve Barış ve Kalkınma Çalışmaları Merkezi.
DW. (2014). The Afghan CEO. https://www.dw.com/en/understanding-afghanistans-chief-executive-officer/a-17965187
DW. (2018). Hadaf az tarh-e jadid-e kankor tarbiye-ye kadr dar velayat ast [Yeni kankor planının amacı vilayetlerde kadro yetiştirmektir]. https://www.dw.com/faaf/
Eslami, R., & Rahimi, W. (2024). Kashmakash-e doshmani-joyane-ye sonnat va nogarayi dar Afghanistan va barayandi khoshunat-amiz (1919-1929) [Afganistan’da gelenek ve modernleşmenin düşmanca mücadelesi ve şiddet içeren sonuçları (1919-1929)]. Journal of Central Eurasia Studies, 17(1), 27-52. https://doi.org/10.22059/jcep.2024.372554.450201
Euronews. (2019). Chalesh-e sahmiyeh-bandi-e kankor baray-e goruh-ha-ye qawmi-e Afghanistan [Afganistan’daki etnik gruplar için üniversite sınavı (kankor) kota uygulaması zorluğu]. https://parsi.euronews.com/2019/07/24/challenge-for-afghan-ethnicities-quota-for-entering-university
Filkins, D. (2021). Last exit from Afghanistan. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/03/08/last-exit-from-afghanistan
France24. (2020). Afghan election challenger Abdullah declares himself president, announces parallel government. https://www.france24.com/en/20200218-afghan-election-challenger-abdullah-declares-himself-president-announces-parallel-government
Giustozzi, A. & Quentin, P. (2014). Ordoy-e melli-e Afghanistan: Baqa va sobat faratar az janbe-ha-ye mali [Afganistan Ulusal Ordusu: Mali boyutların ötesinde hayatta kalma ve istikrar]. AREU Yayınları.
The Guardian. (2020). Blasts in Afghanistan as presidential rivals hold oath ceremonies. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/09/blasts-afghanistan-presidential-rivals-abdullah-abdullah-ghani-oath-ceremonies
Hanke, S. H. (2021). Afghanistan: A poster child for foreign-aid failure. CATO Institute. https://www.cato.org/commentary/afghanistan-poster-child-foreign-aid-failure
Hasht-e Subh Daily. (2021). Atta Mohammad Noor: “Jomhuriyat-e se-nafara” mane-e asli-e solh bud, Ghani az mo’avenan-ash be-onvan-e dekor estefada mikard [Atta Mohammad Nur: “Üç kişilik cumhuriyet” barışın önündeki ana engeldi, Gani yardımcılarını dekor olarak kullanıyordu]. https://8am.media/fa/atta-mohammad-noor-three-person-republic-was-the-main-obstacle-to-peace-ghani-used-his-deputies-as-decor/
Helman, G. & Rattner, S. (1992). Saving failed states. Foreign Policy, 89, 3-20.
Hendry, K. (2014). From failed to fragile: Renaming the index. Fund for Peace. https://fundforpeace.org/2014/06/24/from-failed-to-fragile-renaming-the-index/
House of Lords Select Committee on International Relations and Defence. (2021). The UK and Afghanistan (2nd Report of Session 2019-21). https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/4185/documents/43162/default/
Human Rights Watch. (2015). Threats to media freedom in Afghanistan: Stop reporting or we’ll kill your family. https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/01/21/stop-reporting-or-well-kill-your-family/threats-media-freedom-afghanistan
Human Rights Watch. (2021). Afghanistan: Events of 2020. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/afghanistan
IEC (2009). http://www.iec.org.af/results_2009/leadingCandidate.html
Ignatieff, M. (2002). Intervention and state failure. Dissent, 49(1), 115-124.
Independentpersian. (2023). Ra’is-e pishin-e edara-ye omur-e Afghanistan: Ghani hazer ast dar enteqal-e qodrat be yak nezam-e qanuni sahm begirad [Eski Afganistan İdari İşler Dairesi Başkanı: Gani, iktidarın yasal bir sisteme devredilmesine katılmaya hazır]. https://www.independentpersian.com/node/361701/
International Monetary Fund. (2002). Islamic State of Afghanistan: Report on recent economic developments and prospects, and the role of the Fund in the reconstruction process (IMF Country Report No. 02/219). https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2016/12/30/Islamic-State-of-Afghanistan-Report-on-Recent-Economic-Developments-and-Prospects-and-the-16098
Jomhornews. (2021). Zavaya-ye penhan-e khiyanat-e melli-e jomhuriyat-e se-nafara [Üç kişilik cumhuriyetin milli ihanetinin gizli yönleri]. https://www.jomhornews.com/fa/note/143253/
Kaplan, E. (2006). The Taliban resurgence in Afghanistan. Council on Foreign Relations. https://web.archive.org/web/20060927101915/http://www.cfr.org/publication/10551/
Karaçuka, M. & Çelik, N. (2017). Kırılgan-başarısız devlet olgusu ve terörizm ilişkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 19(1), 20-41.
Khabar Online. (2010). Afghan-ha az khareji-ha bizarand [Afganlar yabancılardan nefret ediyor]. https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/76066/
Khalilzad, Z. (2016). Ferestada [Elçi]. Azım Yayınları.
Masiha, F. (2018). Khizesh-e mardomi; akharin sangar-e moqavemat ya khar-e chashm-e hokumat? [Halk ayaklanması; direnişin son kalesi mi yoksa hükümetin gözündeki diken mi?]. BBC Persian. https://www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan-46573026#
Military Times. (2020). Afghan President and rival announce power-sharing agreement. https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2020/05/17/afghan-president-and-rival-announce-power-sharing-agreement/
Murtazashvili, J. B. (2022). The collapse of Afghanistan. Journal of Democracy, 33(1), 40-54.
The New York Times. (2014). After rancor, afghans agree to share power. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/world/asia/afghan-presidential-election.html
OCHA (2025). Afghanistan. https://www.unocha.org/afghanistan
Özpek, B. B. (2016). Başarısız devletler. Ş. Kardaş & A. Balcı (Ed.), Uluslararası ilişkilere giriş: Tarih, teori, kavram ve konular içinde (ss. 468-471). Küre Yayınları.
Pickering, H. (2014). Terminology twist: From Failed States to Fragile States. The Strategist. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/terminology-twist-from-failed-states-to-fragile-states/
Putz, C. (2016). In Afghanistan, contractors paid in full for incomplete projects. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/in-afghanistan-contractors-paid-in-full-for-incomplete-projects/
Rahimi, M. & Eslami, M. (2025). Barayand-e amniyati-e neza-e sonnat va modernism dar Afghanistan [Afganistan’da gelenek ve modernizm çatışmasının güvenlik sonucu]. Political and International Approaches, 17(1), 48-71.
Reuters (2018). Afghanistan’s poverty rate rises as economy suffers. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-economy/afghanistans-poverty-rate-rises-as-economy-suffers-idUSKBN1I818X/
Reuters (2020). Afghan President and rival strike power-sharing deal after months of feuding. https://www.reuters.com/article/world/afghan-president-and-rival-strike-power-sharing-deal-after-months-of-feuding-idUSKBN22T09H/
Rotberg, R. I. (2003). State failure and state weakness in a time of terror. Brookings Institution Press.
Saayi, Z. (2016). Afganistan’da kadın hakları (yasal boşluklar ve çelişkilerden pratik ve sosyal sorunlara) [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
Sançaraki, F. (2020). Mavane-e peydayesh-e hokumat-e kar-amad dar Afghanistan az 2001 be ba’d [2001’den sonra Afganistan’da verimli bir hükümetin ortaya çıkmasının önündeki engeller]. Kelkin Yayınları.
Sardarnia, H. & Hosseini, S. M. (2014). Chalesh-ha-ye ejtemayi-e dolat-sazi-e modern dar Afghanistan [Afganistan’da modern devlet inşasının sosyal zorlukları]. Dünya Politikası Dergisi, 3(1), 37-63.
Sharifi, A. M. (2020). Daesh-e Khorasan: Fasl-e jadid-e na-amni-ha dar Afghanistan va mantaqa [DEAŞ-Horasan: Afganistan ve bölgede güvensizliğin yeni faslı]. Hasht-e Subh Daily. https://8am.media/fa/isil-khorasan-a-new-chapter-of-insecurity-in-afghanistan-and-the-region/
Shroder, J. (2007). Afghanistan’s development and functionality: Renewing a collapsed state. GeoJournal, 70, 91-107.
Smith, S. S. (2019). Loya jirgas and political crisis management in Afghanistan: Drawing on the bank of tradition. United States Institute of Peace. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/sr_457-loya_jirgas_and_political_crisis_management_in_afghanistan_drawing_on_the_bank_of_tradition.pdf
Szuhai, I. (2015). Rethinking the concept of failed state. Central European Papers, 99-110.
Şefii, N. (2004). Chalesh-ha-ye asasi-e dolat-e Karzai [Karzai hükümetinin temel zorlukları]. Asya Kitabı’ndaki Makalelerin Koleksiyonu (Afganistan’a Özel). Abrar Çağdaş Enstitüsü.
Tariq, M., Ahmad, M., Perveen, S., Akhtar, S. & Ghaffa, A. (2015). India-pak rivalry in Afghanistan. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 1(2), 15-24.
Tobin, C. (2020). The United States and the Soviet-Afghan war, 1979-1989. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/
TOLOnews. (2016). Shahrvandan-e Afghanistan salana 3 milyard dollar reshvat mi-pardazand [Afganistan vatandaşları yılda 3 milyar dolar rüşvet ödüyor]. https://tolonews.com/index.php/fa/afghanistan/
Trading Economics (2024). Afghanistan unemployment rate. https://tradingeconomics.com/afghanistan/unemployment-rate
Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü (2024). Corruption perceptions index. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2021/index/afg
UNAMA (2013). Afghan authorities tackle country’s high illiteracy rate. https://unama.unmissions.org/afghan-authorities-tackle-countrys-high-illiteracy-rate
UNDP (2024). Approximately 85 percent of Afghans live on less than one dollar a day. https://www.undp.org/stories/approximately-85-percent-afghans-live-less-one-dollar-day
UNESCO (2023). UNESCO stands with all Afghans to ensure youth and adults in Afghanistan, especially women and girls, achieve literacy and numeracy by 2030. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-stands-all-afghans-ensure-youth-and-adults-afghanistan-especially-women-and-girls-achieve
UNICEF (2018). Education: Providing quality education for all. https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/education
United Nations (2018). Half of Afghan children out of school, due to conflict, poverty, discrimination: UNICEF. https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011211
United States Institute of Peace (2020). Rival Afghan leaders agree to share power-now comes the hard part. https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/05/rival-afghan-leaders-agree-share-power-now-comes-hard-part
Vahid, A. H. & Najafizada, S. J. (2018). Gharardad-ha-ye peymankari dar Afghanistan; amel-e towse’e ya mansha-e fasad [Afganistan’da müteahhitlik sözleşmeleri; kalkınma faktörü mü yoksa yolsuzluk kaynağı mı?]. Journal of Legal Research. https://lawresearchmagazine.sbu.ac.ir/article_80376_2dfcda129ee4bdf5cb3c5abf324c06de.pdf
Vittori, J. (2021). Corruption and self-dealing in Afghanistan and other U.S.-backed security sectors. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2021/09/corruption-and-self-dealing-in-afghanistan-and-other-us-backed-security-sectors?lang=en
VOA (2011). Afghan-ha khastar-e khoruj-e niru-ha-ye khareji shodand [Afganlar yabancı güçlerin çekilmesini talep etti]. https://ir.voanews.com/a/afghanistan-2011-10-06-131214724/143733.html?utm=
VOA (2020). At side-by-side ceremonies, Afghans swear in two presidents. https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/at-side-by-side-ceremonies-afghans-swear-in-two-presidents/5321501.html
Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs (2023). Human and budgetary costs to date of the U.S. war in Afghanistan, 2001-2022. Brown University. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2021/human-and-budgetary-costs-date-us-war-afghanistan-2001-2022
World Bank (2024). Poverty reduction in Afghanistan: Despite economic growth, widening inequality. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/publication/poverty-reduction-in-afghanistan-despite-economic-growth-widening-inequality
Yusufzada, S. & Xia, Z. Q. (2019). Public administration in Afghanistan: Challenges and way forward. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 7, 142-160.
Zartman, I. W. (1995). Collapsed states: The disintegration and restoration of legitimate authority. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Regional Studies

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Zabihullah Saayi
0000-0003-4819-8602
Afghanistan

Erhan Örselli ^*
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

May 12, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 6 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.62425/jirs.1950146

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA68FD55NC

APA

Saayi, Z., & Örselli, E. (2026). Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü ve Nedenleri (2001-2021). Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.62425/jirs.1950146

AMA

1.Saayi Z, Örselli E. Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü ve Nedenleri (2001-2021). Journal of International Relations Studies. 2026;6(1):11-28. doi:10.62425/jirs.1950146

Chicago

Saayi, Zabihullah, and Erhan Örselli. 2026. “Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü Ve Nedenleri (2001-2021)”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi 6 (1): 11-28. https://doi.org/10.62425/jirs.1950146.

EndNote

Saayi Z, Örselli E (June 1, 2026) Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü ve Nedenleri (2001-2021). Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi 6 1 11–28.

IEEE

[1]Z. Saayi and E. Örselli, “Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü ve Nedenleri (2001-2021)”, Journal of International Relations Studies, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 11–28, June 2026, doi: 10.62425/jirs.1950146.

ISNAD

Saayi, Zabihullah - Örselli, Erhan. “Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü Ve Nedenleri (2001-2021)”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi 6/1 (June 1, 2026): 11-28. https://doi.org/10.62425/jirs.1950146.

JAMA

1.Saayi Z, Örselli E. Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü ve Nedenleri (2001-2021). Journal of International Relations Studies. 2026;6:11–28.

MLA

Saayi, Zabihullah, and Erhan Örselli. “Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü Ve Nedenleri (2001-2021)”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 11-28, doi:10.62425/jirs.1950146.

Vancouver

1.Zabihullah Saayi, Erhan Örselli. Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü ve Nedenleri (2001-2021). Journal of International Relations Studies. 2026 Jun. 1;6(1):11-28. doi:10.62425/jirs.1950146

Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License

29929

Kırılgan-Başarısız Devlet Bağlamında Afganistan’da Siyasal Sistemin Çöküşü ve Nedenleri (2001-2021)

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

The Collapse of the Political System in Afghanistan within the Context of Fragile-Failed State and Its Causes (2001-2021)

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite