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Rusya Federasyonu'nun Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi: Kırım Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 19 - 35, 29.06.2022

Abstract

Uluslararası ilişkiler alanının, ilgi odağında olan sorunlardan birisi de güvenlik sorunudur. Güvenlik algılayışı, tarihsel olarak birçok değişime uğramıştır. Teknolojik gelişmeler, yaşanan bu değişim için itici unsurlardan olmuştur. 21. yüzyıl itibariyle, siber güvenlik devletler ve uluslararası toplum için önemli meselelerden birisi haline gelmiştir. Rusya Federasyonu da siber alanın ve siber güvenliğin erken farkına varan ülkelerden birisidir. Rusya Federasyonu, yayınladığı belgelerle ve anıldığı saldırılarla siber alanda dikkate alınması gereken ülkelerden birisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın ana odağını, Rusya Federasyonu’nun siber güvenliğe dair yayınladığı belgeler ve anıldığı olaylar arasında bir uyum olup olmadığını ve Rusya Federasyonu’nun siber güvenlik stratejisini anlamak oluşturmaktadır.

References

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  • Acar, Hasan (2020). “Rusya’nın Siber Güvenlik Politikası”. Fulya Köksoy (Ed.). Yeni Küresel Tehdit: Siber Saldırılar Siber Güvenlik ve Politika Uygulamaları (87-107) içinde. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Akyazı, Uğur (2013). “Uluslararası Siber Güvenlik Strateji ve Doktrinleri Kapsamında Alınabilecek Tedbirler”. VI. Uluslararası Bilgi Güvenliği ve Kriptoloji Konferansı, ISC Turkey, Ankara, 216-220.
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  • Cin, G. ve Tekin, H. H. (2021). Rusya’nın Hibrit Savaş Kapasitesinin Kırım ve Donbas Vakaları Üzerinden Analizi. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 17 (37), 203-246.
  • Costea, C. A. (2020). Rusya’nın Ukrayna’daki Hibrid Savaşı. İstanbul: SETA Yayınları.
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  • Darıcılı, A. Burak ve Özdal, Barış (2017). “Rusya Federasyonu’nun Siber Güvenlik Kapasitesini Oluşturan Enstrümanların Analizi”. Bilig, Avrasya'nın Siyasal İktisadı Özel Sayısı, 121-146.
  • “Duma Vice-Chair: Russian-speaking people in Ukraine risk ‘genocide’”, Euractiv, 13 Mart 2014, https://www.euractiv.com/section/europe-s-east/interview/duma-vice-chair-russian-speaking-people-in-ukraine-risk-genocide/, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • Erol, Mehmet Seyfettin ve Oğuz, Şafak (2015). “Hibrit Savaş Çalışmaları ve Kırım’daki Rusya Örneği”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 9(17), 261-277.
  • ETH Zurich, (2009). Russia: National Security Strategy to 2020. https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/publications/publication.html/154915.
  • Galeotti, M. (2014). “The ‘Gerasimov Doctrine’ and Russian Non-Linear War”. In Moscow’s Shadows. https://inmoscowsshadows.wordpress.com/2014/07/06/the-gerasimov-doctrine-and-russian-non-linear-war/. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2022).
  • Galeotti, M. (2015). “Hybrid war and “little green men”: How it works, and how it doesn’t”. İçinde Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska ve Richard Sakwa (Eds.), Ukraine and Russia: People, politics, propaganda and perspectives (156-165). Bristol, UK: E-International Relations.
  • Giles, K. (2011). ““Information Troops”- A Russian Cyber Command?”. 3rd International Conference on Cyber Conflict. IEEE. 45–60. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5954699.
  • Giles, K. (2012). “Russia’s Public Stance on Cyberspace Issues”. 4th International Conference on Cyber Conflict. Tallinn, The NATO Cooperative Cyber Defense Centre of Excellence. 63-75. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2015/04/CyCon_2012_book_web_sisu.indd_.pdf.
  • Güntay, V. (2017). “Uluslararası Sistem ve Güvenlik Açısından Değişen Savaş Kurgusu; Siber Savaş Örneği”. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 81-108.
  • Hakala J., Melnychuk J., (2021). Russia's Strategy in Cyberspace. Riga: NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence. https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/russias-strategy-in-cyberspace/210.
  • Hoffman, F. G. (2007). Conflict in the 21st century: The rise of hybrid wars Elektronik Versiyon. Arlington: Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
  • “Human rights violated by Ukraine’s coup-appointed govt – European NGO”, Russia Today, 12 Mart 2014, https://www.rt.com/news/ukraine-human-rights-violated-402/, (21.03.2022).
  • Karabulut, Bilal (2017). “Uluslararası İlişkilerde Savaş Olgusunun Yaşadığı Dönüşüm: Hibrit Savaş ve Rusya Örneği”. KARAM Dergisi, 55(14), 115-130.
  • Kofman, Michael ve Rojansky, Matthew (2015). “A Closer look at Russia’s “Hybrid War”, Wilson Center Kennan Institute, Report, No: 7. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no7-closer-look-russias-hybrid-war.
  • Kofman, M., Migacheva, K., Nichiporuk B., Radin, A., Tkacheva, O. ve Oberholtzer, J. (2017). Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine Elektronik Sürüm. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
  • Lange-Ionatamišvili, E. (2014). Analysis of Russia’s information campaign against Ukraine. Riga: NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence. https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/russian_information_campaign_public_12012016fin.pdf. “Lavrov: ultranationalists provocations against Russian-speakers in Crimea should be curbed”, TASS, 18 Mart 2014, https://tass.com/russia/724259, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • McCrory, D. (2020). “Russian Electronic Warfare, Cyber and Information Operations in Ukraine”. The RUSI Journal, 165:7, 34-44.
  • Medvedev, S. A. (2015). Offense-Defense Theory Analysis Of Russian Cyber Capability. Master Thesis for Naval Post-Graduate School. Monterey, California.
  • Pakharenko, G. (2015). “Cyber Operations at Maidan: A First-Hand Account”. İçinde Kenneth Geers (Ed), Cyber War In Perspective: Russian Aggression against Ukraine (59-67). Tallinn: NATO CCD COE Publications.
  • Pernik, P. (2018). “The early days of cyberattacks: the cases of Estonia, Georgia and Ukraine”. İçinde N. Popescu ve S. Secrieru (Eds.), HACKS, LEAKS AND DISRUPTIONS: RUSSIAN CYBER STRATEGIES (53–64). European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS).
  • T.C. Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı (2013). “Ulusal Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi ve 2013-2014 Eylem Planı”. https://www.btk.gov.tr/uploads/pages/2-1-strateji-eylem-plani-2013-2014-5a3412cf8f45a.pdf.
  • Tchekinov, S.G. ve Bogdanov, S.A. (2013). “The Nature and Content of a New-Generation War”. Military Thought: A RussiancJournal of Military Theory and Strategy, Sayı 4, s.12-23.
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (2000). National Seurity Concept of The Russian Federation. https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/fundamental_documents/1737121/.
  • The NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (2011). Conceptual Views Regarding the Activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the Information Space. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Russian_Federation_unofficial_translation.pdf. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU). “Definition of Cybersecurity”, https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/Pages/cybersecurity.aspx.
  • The International Telecummunication Union (ITU). (2008). Information Security Doctrine of The Russian Federation. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Cybersecurity/Documents/National_Strategies_Repository/Russia_2000.pdf.
  • Thomas, T. (2014). “Russia’s Information Warfare Strategy: Can the Nation Cope in Future Conflicts?”. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 27:1, 101-130.
  • Treverton, G. F., Thvedt, A., Chen, A. R., Lee, K., ve McCue, M. (2018). Addressing Hybrid Threats Elektronik Sürüm. Bromma: Arkitektkopia AB.
  • “Ukrainian MPs vote to oust President Yanukovych”, BBC, 22 Şubat 2014, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26304842, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.02.2022).
  • “Ukraine protests after Yanukovych EU deal rejection”, BBC, 30 Kasım 2013, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25162563, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.02.2022).
  • “Ukraine: Putin signs Crimea annexation”, BBC, 21 Mart 2014, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26686949, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2022).
  • “Ukraine says communications hit, MPs phones blocked”, 4 Mart 2014, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-cybersecurity-idUSBREA231R220140304, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2022).
  • “Ukraine suspends talks on EU trade pact as Putin wins tug of war”, The Guardian, 21 Kasım 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/21/ukraine-suspends-preparations-eu-trade-pact, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.02.2022).
  • “Ukraine unrest: Protesters storm regional offices”, BBC, 24 Ocak 2014, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25876807, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.02.2022).
  • Ulusal Siber Olaylara Müdahale Merkezi, (2014). Siber Güvenliğe İlişkin Temel Bilgiler. https://dsy.usom.gov.tr/usom/19/02/190211082958_siber_guvenlige_giris_ve_temel_kavramlar.pdf.
  • Weedon, J. (2015). “Beyond ‘Cyber War’: Russia’s Use of Strategic Cyber Espionage and Information Operations in Ukraine”. İçinde Kenneth Geers (Ed), Cyber War In Perspective: Russian Aggression against Ukraine (67-79). Tallinn: NATO CCD COE Publications.
Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 19 - 35, 29.06.2022

Abstract

References

  • Acar, Hasan ve Pekcandanoğlu, Mustafa (2020). “Analysis of Russia's Cyber Security and Cyber Espionage Policies”. Türkiye Rusya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3, 167-189.
  • Acar, Hasan (2020). “Rusya’nın Siber Güvenlik Politikası”. Fulya Köksoy (Ed.). Yeni Küresel Tehdit: Siber Saldırılar Siber Güvenlik ve Politika Uygulamaları (87-107) içinde. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Akyazı, Uğur (2013). “Uluslararası Siber Güvenlik Strateji ve Doktrinleri Kapsamında Alınabilecek Tedbirler”. VI. Uluslararası Bilgi Güvenliği ve Kriptoloji Konferansı, ISC Turkey, Ankara, 216-220.
  • “Brokering power: US role in Ukraine coup hard to overlook”, Russia Today, 17 Şubat 2015, https://www.rt.com/news/233439-us-meddling-ukraine-crisis/, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.02.2022).
  • Cin, G. ve Tekin, H. H. (2021). Rusya’nın Hibrit Savaş Kapasitesinin Kırım ve Donbas Vakaları Üzerinden Analizi. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 17 (37), 203-246.
  • Costea, C. A. (2020). Rusya’nın Ukrayna’daki Hibrid Savaşı. İstanbul: SETA Yayınları.
  • “Crimea annexed by Ukraine 23 years ago — Naryshkin”, TASS, 11 Haziran 2014, https://tass.com/russia/735705, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2022).
  • “Crimea’s parliament votes to join Russia”, Washington Post, 17 Mart 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/crimeas-parliament-votes-to-join-russia/2014/03/17/5c3b96ca-adba-11e3-9627-c65021d6d572_story.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2022).
  • “Crimean ‘referendum at gunpoint’ is a myth – intl observers”, Russia Today, 16 Mart 2014, https://www.rt.com/news/international-observers-crimea-referendum-190/, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • Darıcılı, A. Burak (2017). Siber Uzay ve Siber Güvenlik Nedir? ABD ve Rusya’nın Siber Güvenlik Stratejilerinin Karşılaştırılmalı Analizi. Ankara: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • Darıcılı, A. Burak ve Özdal, Barış (2017). “Rusya Federasyonu’nun Siber Güvenlik Kapasitesini Oluşturan Enstrümanların Analizi”. Bilig, Avrasya'nın Siyasal İktisadı Özel Sayısı, 121-146.
  • “Duma Vice-Chair: Russian-speaking people in Ukraine risk ‘genocide’”, Euractiv, 13 Mart 2014, https://www.euractiv.com/section/europe-s-east/interview/duma-vice-chair-russian-speaking-people-in-ukraine-risk-genocide/, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • Erol, Mehmet Seyfettin ve Oğuz, Şafak (2015). “Hibrit Savaş Çalışmaları ve Kırım’daki Rusya Örneği”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 9(17), 261-277.
  • ETH Zurich, (2009). Russia: National Security Strategy to 2020. https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/publications/publication.html/154915.
  • Galeotti, M. (2014). “The ‘Gerasimov Doctrine’ and Russian Non-Linear War”. In Moscow’s Shadows. https://inmoscowsshadows.wordpress.com/2014/07/06/the-gerasimov-doctrine-and-russian-non-linear-war/. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2022).
  • Galeotti, M. (2015). “Hybrid war and “little green men”: How it works, and how it doesn’t”. İçinde Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska ve Richard Sakwa (Eds.), Ukraine and Russia: People, politics, propaganda and perspectives (156-165). Bristol, UK: E-International Relations.
  • Giles, K. (2011). ““Information Troops”- A Russian Cyber Command?”. 3rd International Conference on Cyber Conflict. IEEE. 45–60. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5954699.
  • Giles, K. (2012). “Russia’s Public Stance on Cyberspace Issues”. 4th International Conference on Cyber Conflict. Tallinn, The NATO Cooperative Cyber Defense Centre of Excellence. 63-75. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2015/04/CyCon_2012_book_web_sisu.indd_.pdf.
  • Güntay, V. (2017). “Uluslararası Sistem ve Güvenlik Açısından Değişen Savaş Kurgusu; Siber Savaş Örneği”. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 81-108.
  • Hakala J., Melnychuk J., (2021). Russia's Strategy in Cyberspace. Riga: NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence. https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/russias-strategy-in-cyberspace/210.
  • Hoffman, F. G. (2007). Conflict in the 21st century: The rise of hybrid wars Elektronik Versiyon. Arlington: Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
  • “Human rights violated by Ukraine’s coup-appointed govt – European NGO”, Russia Today, 12 Mart 2014, https://www.rt.com/news/ukraine-human-rights-violated-402/, (21.03.2022).
  • Karabulut, Bilal (2017). “Uluslararası İlişkilerde Savaş Olgusunun Yaşadığı Dönüşüm: Hibrit Savaş ve Rusya Örneği”. KARAM Dergisi, 55(14), 115-130.
  • Kofman, Michael ve Rojansky, Matthew (2015). “A Closer look at Russia’s “Hybrid War”, Wilson Center Kennan Institute, Report, No: 7. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no7-closer-look-russias-hybrid-war.
  • Kofman, M., Migacheva, K., Nichiporuk B., Radin, A., Tkacheva, O. ve Oberholtzer, J. (2017). Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine Elektronik Sürüm. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
  • Lange-Ionatamišvili, E. (2014). Analysis of Russia’s information campaign against Ukraine. Riga: NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence. https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/russian_information_campaign_public_12012016fin.pdf. “Lavrov: ultranationalists provocations against Russian-speakers in Crimea should be curbed”, TASS, 18 Mart 2014, https://tass.com/russia/724259, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • McCrory, D. (2020). “Russian Electronic Warfare, Cyber and Information Operations in Ukraine”. The RUSI Journal, 165:7, 34-44.
  • Medvedev, S. A. (2015). Offense-Defense Theory Analysis Of Russian Cyber Capability. Master Thesis for Naval Post-Graduate School. Monterey, California.
  • Pakharenko, G. (2015). “Cyber Operations at Maidan: A First-Hand Account”. İçinde Kenneth Geers (Ed), Cyber War In Perspective: Russian Aggression against Ukraine (59-67). Tallinn: NATO CCD COE Publications.
  • Pernik, P. (2018). “The early days of cyberattacks: the cases of Estonia, Georgia and Ukraine”. İçinde N. Popescu ve S. Secrieru (Eds.), HACKS, LEAKS AND DISRUPTIONS: RUSSIAN CYBER STRATEGIES (53–64). European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS).
  • T.C. Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı (2013). “Ulusal Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi ve 2013-2014 Eylem Planı”. https://www.btk.gov.tr/uploads/pages/2-1-strateji-eylem-plani-2013-2014-5a3412cf8f45a.pdf.
  • Tchekinov, S.G. ve Bogdanov, S.A. (2013). “The Nature and Content of a New-Generation War”. Military Thought: A RussiancJournal of Military Theory and Strategy, Sayı 4, s.12-23.
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (2000). National Seurity Concept of The Russian Federation. https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/fundamental_documents/1737121/.
  • The NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (2011). Conceptual Views Regarding the Activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the Information Space. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Russian_Federation_unofficial_translation.pdf. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU). “Definition of Cybersecurity”, https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/Pages/cybersecurity.aspx.
  • The International Telecummunication Union (ITU). (2008). Information Security Doctrine of The Russian Federation. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Cybersecurity/Documents/National_Strategies_Repository/Russia_2000.pdf.
  • Thomas, T. (2014). “Russia’s Information Warfare Strategy: Can the Nation Cope in Future Conflicts?”. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 27:1, 101-130.
  • Treverton, G. F., Thvedt, A., Chen, A. R., Lee, K., ve McCue, M. (2018). Addressing Hybrid Threats Elektronik Sürüm. Bromma: Arkitektkopia AB.
  • “Ukrainian MPs vote to oust President Yanukovych”, BBC, 22 Şubat 2014, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26304842, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.02.2022).
  • “Ukraine protests after Yanukovych EU deal rejection”, BBC, 30 Kasım 2013, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25162563, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.02.2022).
  • “Ukraine: Putin signs Crimea annexation”, BBC, 21 Mart 2014, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26686949, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2022).
  • “Ukraine says communications hit, MPs phones blocked”, 4 Mart 2014, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-cybersecurity-idUSBREA231R220140304, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2022).
  • “Ukraine suspends talks on EU trade pact as Putin wins tug of war”, The Guardian, 21 Kasım 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/21/ukraine-suspends-preparations-eu-trade-pact, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.02.2022).
  • “Ukraine unrest: Protesters storm regional offices”, BBC, 24 Ocak 2014, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25876807, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.02.2022).
  • Ulusal Siber Olaylara Müdahale Merkezi, (2014). Siber Güvenliğe İlişkin Temel Bilgiler. https://dsy.usom.gov.tr/usom/19/02/190211082958_siber_guvenlige_giris_ve_temel_kavramlar.pdf.
  • Weedon, J. (2015). “Beyond ‘Cyber War’: Russia’s Use of Strategic Cyber Espionage and Information Operations in Ukraine”. İçinde Kenneth Geers (Ed), Cyber War In Perspective: Russian Aggression against Ukraine (67-79). Tallinn: NATO CCD COE Publications.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Servet Habip Topçu 0000-0002-6046-7441

Publication Date June 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Topçu, S. H. (2022). Rusya Federasyonu’nun Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi: Kırım Örneği. Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 19-35.

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