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Year 2017, Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Suppl 1, 52 - 61, 17.11.2017

Abstract

References

  • Warner JP, Chauhan N, Adamson PA. Alar soft-tissue techniques in rhinoplasty: Algorithmic approach, quantifiable guidelines, and scar outcomes from a single surgeon experience. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2010;12(3):149-158.
  • Guenthner TA, Sather AH, Kern EB. The effect of le fort i maxillary impaction on nasal airway resistance. Am J Orthod 1984;85(4):308-315.
  • Turvey TA, Hall DJ, Warren DW. Alterations in nasal airway resistance following superior repositioning of the maxilla. Am J Orthod 1984;85(2):109-114.
  • Ramires T, Maia RA, Barone JR. Nasal cavity changes and the respiratory standard after maxillary expansion. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2008;74(5):763-769.
  • Williams BJ, Isom A, Laureano Filho JR, O'Ryan FS. Nasal airway function after maxillary surgery: A prospective cohort study using the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013;71(2):343-350.
  • Mitchell C, Oeltjen J, Panthaki Z, Thaller SR. Nasolabial aesthetics. J Craniofac Surg 2007;18(4):756-765.
  • DeSesa CR, Metzler P, Sawh-Martinez R, Steinbacher DM. Three-dimensional nasolabial morphologic alterations following le fort i. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2016;4(8):e848.
  • Dantas WR, Silveira MM, Vasconcelos BC, Porto GG. Evaluation of the nasal shape after orthognathic surgery. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2015;81(1):19-23.
  • Jeong HI, Lee HS, Jung YS, Park HS, Jung HD. Nasal soft tissue change following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2017;28(7):e605-e608.
  • Yamada T, Mishima K, Moritani N, Janune D, Matsumura T, Ikeya Y, Yamamoto T. Nasolabial morphologic changes after a le fort i osteotomy: A three-dimensional anthropometric study. J Craniofac Surg 2010;21(4):1089-1095.
  • de Assis DS, Duarte MA, Goncales ES. Clinical evaluation of the alar base width of patients submitted to surgically assisted maxillary expansion. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;14(3):149-154.
  • Metzler P, Geiger EJ, Chang CC, Steinbacher DM. Surgically assisted maxillary expansion imparts three-dimensional nasal change. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;72(10):2005-2014.
  • Schendel SA, Williamson LW. Muscle reorientation following superior repositioning of the maxilla. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1983;41(4):235-240.
  • Metzler P, Geiger EJ, Chang CC, Sirisoontorn I, Steinbacher DM. Assessment of three-dimensional nasolabial response to Le Fort I advancement. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014;67(6):756-763.
  • Worasakwutiphong S, Chuang YF, Chang HW, Lin HH, Lin PJ, Lo LJ. Nasal changes after orthognathic surgery for patients with prognathism and class iii malocclusion: Analysis using three-dimensional photogrammetry. J Formos Med Assoc 2015;114(2):112-123.
  • Naini FB. Regional analysis: The nose. Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell, 2011, p.214-237.
  • Millard DR, Jr. The alar cinch in the flat, flaring nose. Plast Reconstr Surg 1980;65(5):669-672.
  • Collins PC, Epker BN. The alar base cinch: A technique for prevention of alar base flaring secondary to maxillary surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53(6):549-553.
  • Wolford LM. Lip-nasal aesthetics following Le Fort I osteotomy-discussion. Plast Reconstruct Surg 1988;81:180-182.
  • Carlotti AE, Jr., Aschaffenburg PH, Schendel SA. Facial changes associated with surgical advancement of the lip and maxilla. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;44(8):593-596.
  • Rosen HM. Lip-nasal aesthetics following Le Fort I osteotomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1988;81(2):171-182.
  • Chandu A, Witherow H, Stewart A. Submental intubation in orthognathic surgery: Initial experience. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;46(7):561-563.
  • Raithatha R, Naini FB, Patel S, Sherriff M, Witherow H. Long-term stability of limiting nasal alar base width changes with a cinch suture following Le Fort I osteotomy with submental intubation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;46(11):1372-1379.
  • Kattimani VS, Sridhar M, Shaik TNS. Simplified technique to change the endotracheal tube from nasal to oral cavity. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2017;16(3):392-394.
  • Shoji T, Muto T, Takahashi M, Akizuki K, Tsuchida Y. The stability of an alar cinch suture after Le Fort I and mandibular osteotomies in japanese patients with Class III malocclusions. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;50(4):361-364.
  • Mustafa K, Shehzana F, Bhat HH. Assessment of alar flare and efficacy of alar cinch suture in the management of alar flare following Le Fort I superior repositioning: A comparative study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016;15(4):528-534.
  • Stewart A, Edler RJ. Efficacy and stability of the alar base cinch suture. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;49(8):623-626.
  • Westermark AH, Bystedt H, Von Konow L, Sallstrom KO. Nasolabial morphology after Le Fort I osteotomies. Effect of alar base suture. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;20(1):25-30.
  • Howley C, Ali N, Lee R, Cox S. Use of the alar base cinch suture in Le Fort I osteotomy: Is it effective? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;49(2):127-130.
  • van Loon B, Verhamme L, Xi T, de Koning MJ, Berge SJ, Maal TJ. Three-dimensional evaluation of the alar cinch suture after le fort i osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016;45(10):1309-1314.
  • Mommaerts MY, Lippens F, Abeloos JV, Neyt LF. Nasal profile changes after maxillary impaction and advancement surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58(5):470-475; discussion 475-476.
  • Chen CY, Lin CC, Ko EW. Effects of two alar base suture techniques suture techniques on nasolabial changes after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in taiwanese patients with Class III malocclusions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015;44(7):816-822.
  • Khamashta-Ledezma L, Naini FB. Prospective assessment of maxillary advancement effects: Maxillary incisor exposure, and upper lip and nasal changes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015;147(4):454-464.
  • Khamashta-Ledezma L, Naini FB. Systematic review of changes in maxillary incisor exposure and upper lip position with le fort i type osteotomies with or without cinch sutures and/or vy closures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;43(1):46-61.
  • Muradin MSM, Rosenberg A. Controlling nasolabial aesthetics after le fort i osteotomies: A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2000;28:209.
  • Muradin MS, Seubring K, Stoelinga PJ, vd Bilt A, Koole R, Rosenberg AJ. A prospective study on the effect of modified alar cinch sutures and v-y closure versus simple closing sutures on nasolabial changes after Le Fort I intrusion and advancement osteotomies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;69(3):870-876.
  • San Miguel Moragas J, Van Cauteren W, Mommaerts MY. A systematic review on soft-to-hard tissue ratios in orthognathic surgery part I: Maxillary repositioning osteotomy. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014;42(7):1341-1351.
  • Stella JP, Streater MR, Epker BN, Sinn DP. Predictability of upper lip soft tissue changes with maxillary advancement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989;47(7):697-703.
  • Peacock ZS, Susarla SM. Is the pyriform ligament important for alar width maintenance after Le Fort I osteotomy? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015;73(12 Suppl):S57-66.
  • Ritto FG, Medeiros PJ, de Moraes M, Ribeiro DP. Comparative analysis of two different alar base sutures after le fort i osteotomy: Randomized double-blind controlled trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;111(2):181-189.
  • Rauso R, Tartaro G, Tozzi U, Colella G, Santagata M. Nasolabial changes after maxillary advancement. J Craniofac Surg 2011;22(3):809-812.
  • Nirvikalpa N, Narayanan V, Wahab A, Ramadorai A. Comparison between the classical and a modified trans-septal technique of alar cinching for le fort i osteotomies: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013;42(1):49-54.
  • Liu X, Zhu S, Hu J. Modified versus classic alar base sutures after Le Fort I osteotomy: A systematic review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014;117(1):37-44.
  • Freihofer HP, Jr. Changes in nasal profile after maxillary advancement in cleft and non-cleft patients. J Maxillofac Surg 1977;5(1):20-27.
  • Becelli R, De Ponte FS, Fadda MT, Govoni FA, Iannetti G. Subnasal modified Le Fort I for nasolabial aesthetics improvement. J Craniofac Surg 1996;7(5):399-402.
  • Mommaerts MY, Abeloos JV, De Clercq CA, Neyt LF. The effect of the subspinal Le Fort I-type osteotomy on interalar rim width. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1997;12(2):95-100.
  • McCollum AGH, Dancaster JT, Evans WG, Becker PJ. Sagittal soft tissue changes related to the surgical corrections of maxillary deficient class III malocclusions. Semin Orthodont 2009;15(3):172-184.
  • Peled M, Ardekian L, Krausz AA, Aizenbud D. Comparing the effects of V-Y advancement versus simple closure on upper lip aesthetics after Le Fort I advancement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(3):315-319.
  • Talebzadeh N, Pogrel MA. Upper lip length after V-Y versus continuous closure for Le Fort I level maxillary osteotomy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90(2):144-146.
  • Manisali M, Khamashta-Ledezma L. Rhinoplasty and nasal changes in relation to orthognathic surgery. Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell, 2017, p.724-738.
  • Seah TE, Bellis H, Ilankovan V. Orthognathic patients with nasal deformities: case for simultaneous orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;50(1):55-59.

REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY

Year 2017, Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Suppl 1, 52 - 61, 17.11.2017

Abstract

This article reviews the literature on nasal changes with maxillary orthognathic surgery. Understanding such changes is vital for surgical planning and for obtaining appropriate informed consent, and there are medico-legal implications. During orthognathic surgical planning a prediction of the effects of the different surgical movements is possible and this forms part of the basis of the planning stage. The predicted changes need to be identified and their desirability or not for each individual patient determined. Some techniques for managing undesirable nasal changes are discussed, including adjunct measures to minimize these potential effects (e.g. cinch sutures), and additional surgical procedures to manage the undesired nasal changes once they are produced.

References

  • Warner JP, Chauhan N, Adamson PA. Alar soft-tissue techniques in rhinoplasty: Algorithmic approach, quantifiable guidelines, and scar outcomes from a single surgeon experience. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2010;12(3):149-158.
  • Guenthner TA, Sather AH, Kern EB. The effect of le fort i maxillary impaction on nasal airway resistance. Am J Orthod 1984;85(4):308-315.
  • Turvey TA, Hall DJ, Warren DW. Alterations in nasal airway resistance following superior repositioning of the maxilla. Am J Orthod 1984;85(2):109-114.
  • Ramires T, Maia RA, Barone JR. Nasal cavity changes and the respiratory standard after maxillary expansion. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2008;74(5):763-769.
  • Williams BJ, Isom A, Laureano Filho JR, O'Ryan FS. Nasal airway function after maxillary surgery: A prospective cohort study using the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013;71(2):343-350.
  • Mitchell C, Oeltjen J, Panthaki Z, Thaller SR. Nasolabial aesthetics. J Craniofac Surg 2007;18(4):756-765.
  • DeSesa CR, Metzler P, Sawh-Martinez R, Steinbacher DM. Three-dimensional nasolabial morphologic alterations following le fort i. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2016;4(8):e848.
  • Dantas WR, Silveira MM, Vasconcelos BC, Porto GG. Evaluation of the nasal shape after orthognathic surgery. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2015;81(1):19-23.
  • Jeong HI, Lee HS, Jung YS, Park HS, Jung HD. Nasal soft tissue change following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2017;28(7):e605-e608.
  • Yamada T, Mishima K, Moritani N, Janune D, Matsumura T, Ikeya Y, Yamamoto T. Nasolabial morphologic changes after a le fort i osteotomy: A three-dimensional anthropometric study. J Craniofac Surg 2010;21(4):1089-1095.
  • de Assis DS, Duarte MA, Goncales ES. Clinical evaluation of the alar base width of patients submitted to surgically assisted maxillary expansion. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;14(3):149-154.
  • Metzler P, Geiger EJ, Chang CC, Steinbacher DM. Surgically assisted maxillary expansion imparts three-dimensional nasal change. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;72(10):2005-2014.
  • Schendel SA, Williamson LW. Muscle reorientation following superior repositioning of the maxilla. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1983;41(4):235-240.
  • Metzler P, Geiger EJ, Chang CC, Sirisoontorn I, Steinbacher DM. Assessment of three-dimensional nasolabial response to Le Fort I advancement. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014;67(6):756-763.
  • Worasakwutiphong S, Chuang YF, Chang HW, Lin HH, Lin PJ, Lo LJ. Nasal changes after orthognathic surgery for patients with prognathism and class iii malocclusion: Analysis using three-dimensional photogrammetry. J Formos Med Assoc 2015;114(2):112-123.
  • Naini FB. Regional analysis: The nose. Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell, 2011, p.214-237.
  • Millard DR, Jr. The alar cinch in the flat, flaring nose. Plast Reconstr Surg 1980;65(5):669-672.
  • Collins PC, Epker BN. The alar base cinch: A technique for prevention of alar base flaring secondary to maxillary surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53(6):549-553.
  • Wolford LM. Lip-nasal aesthetics following Le Fort I osteotomy-discussion. Plast Reconstruct Surg 1988;81:180-182.
  • Carlotti AE, Jr., Aschaffenburg PH, Schendel SA. Facial changes associated with surgical advancement of the lip and maxilla. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;44(8):593-596.
  • Rosen HM. Lip-nasal aesthetics following Le Fort I osteotomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1988;81(2):171-182.
  • Chandu A, Witherow H, Stewart A. Submental intubation in orthognathic surgery: Initial experience. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;46(7):561-563.
  • Raithatha R, Naini FB, Patel S, Sherriff M, Witherow H. Long-term stability of limiting nasal alar base width changes with a cinch suture following Le Fort I osteotomy with submental intubation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;46(11):1372-1379.
  • Kattimani VS, Sridhar M, Shaik TNS. Simplified technique to change the endotracheal tube from nasal to oral cavity. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2017;16(3):392-394.
  • Shoji T, Muto T, Takahashi M, Akizuki K, Tsuchida Y. The stability of an alar cinch suture after Le Fort I and mandibular osteotomies in japanese patients with Class III malocclusions. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;50(4):361-364.
  • Mustafa K, Shehzana F, Bhat HH. Assessment of alar flare and efficacy of alar cinch suture in the management of alar flare following Le Fort I superior repositioning: A comparative study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016;15(4):528-534.
  • Stewart A, Edler RJ. Efficacy and stability of the alar base cinch suture. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;49(8):623-626.
  • Westermark AH, Bystedt H, Von Konow L, Sallstrom KO. Nasolabial morphology after Le Fort I osteotomies. Effect of alar base suture. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;20(1):25-30.
  • Howley C, Ali N, Lee R, Cox S. Use of the alar base cinch suture in Le Fort I osteotomy: Is it effective? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;49(2):127-130.
  • van Loon B, Verhamme L, Xi T, de Koning MJ, Berge SJ, Maal TJ. Three-dimensional evaluation of the alar cinch suture after le fort i osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016;45(10):1309-1314.
  • Mommaerts MY, Lippens F, Abeloos JV, Neyt LF. Nasal profile changes after maxillary impaction and advancement surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58(5):470-475; discussion 475-476.
  • Chen CY, Lin CC, Ko EW. Effects of two alar base suture techniques suture techniques on nasolabial changes after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in taiwanese patients with Class III malocclusions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015;44(7):816-822.
  • Khamashta-Ledezma L, Naini FB. Prospective assessment of maxillary advancement effects: Maxillary incisor exposure, and upper lip and nasal changes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015;147(4):454-464.
  • Khamashta-Ledezma L, Naini FB. Systematic review of changes in maxillary incisor exposure and upper lip position with le fort i type osteotomies with or without cinch sutures and/or vy closures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;43(1):46-61.
  • Muradin MSM, Rosenberg A. Controlling nasolabial aesthetics after le fort i osteotomies: A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2000;28:209.
  • Muradin MS, Seubring K, Stoelinga PJ, vd Bilt A, Koole R, Rosenberg AJ. A prospective study on the effect of modified alar cinch sutures and v-y closure versus simple closing sutures on nasolabial changes after Le Fort I intrusion and advancement osteotomies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;69(3):870-876.
  • San Miguel Moragas J, Van Cauteren W, Mommaerts MY. A systematic review on soft-to-hard tissue ratios in orthognathic surgery part I: Maxillary repositioning osteotomy. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014;42(7):1341-1351.
  • Stella JP, Streater MR, Epker BN, Sinn DP. Predictability of upper lip soft tissue changes with maxillary advancement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989;47(7):697-703.
  • Peacock ZS, Susarla SM. Is the pyriform ligament important for alar width maintenance after Le Fort I osteotomy? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015;73(12 Suppl):S57-66.
  • Ritto FG, Medeiros PJ, de Moraes M, Ribeiro DP. Comparative analysis of two different alar base sutures after le fort i osteotomy: Randomized double-blind controlled trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;111(2):181-189.
  • Rauso R, Tartaro G, Tozzi U, Colella G, Santagata M. Nasolabial changes after maxillary advancement. J Craniofac Surg 2011;22(3):809-812.
  • Nirvikalpa N, Narayanan V, Wahab A, Ramadorai A. Comparison between the classical and a modified trans-septal technique of alar cinching for le fort i osteotomies: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013;42(1):49-54.
  • Liu X, Zhu S, Hu J. Modified versus classic alar base sutures after Le Fort I osteotomy: A systematic review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014;117(1):37-44.
  • Freihofer HP, Jr. Changes in nasal profile after maxillary advancement in cleft and non-cleft patients. J Maxillofac Surg 1977;5(1):20-27.
  • Becelli R, De Ponte FS, Fadda MT, Govoni FA, Iannetti G. Subnasal modified Le Fort I for nasolabial aesthetics improvement. J Craniofac Surg 1996;7(5):399-402.
  • Mommaerts MY, Abeloos JV, De Clercq CA, Neyt LF. The effect of the subspinal Le Fort I-type osteotomy on interalar rim width. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1997;12(2):95-100.
  • McCollum AGH, Dancaster JT, Evans WG, Becker PJ. Sagittal soft tissue changes related to the surgical corrections of maxillary deficient class III malocclusions. Semin Orthodont 2009;15(3):172-184.
  • Peled M, Ardekian L, Krausz AA, Aizenbud D. Comparing the effects of V-Y advancement versus simple closure on upper lip aesthetics after Le Fort I advancement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(3):315-319.
  • Talebzadeh N, Pogrel MA. Upper lip length after V-Y versus continuous closure for Le Fort I level maxillary osteotomy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90(2):144-146.
  • Manisali M, Khamashta-Ledezma L. Rhinoplasty and nasal changes in relation to orthognathic surgery. Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell, 2017, p.724-738.
  • Seah TE, Bellis H, Ilankovan V. Orthognathic patients with nasal deformities: case for simultaneous orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;50(1):55-59.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Leila Khamashta-ledezma This is me

Farhad B. Naini This is me

Mehmet Manisalı This is me

Publication Date November 17, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Suppl 1

Cite

APA Khamashta-ledezma, L., Naini, F. B., & Manisalı, M. (2017). REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, 51(3 Suppl 1), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.09789
AMA Khamashta-ledezma L, Naini FB, Manisalı M. REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. November 2017;51(3 Suppl 1):52-61. doi:10.17096/jiufd.09789
Chicago Khamashta-ledezma, Leila, Farhad B. Naini, and Mehmet Manisalı. “REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 51, no. 3 Suppl 1 (November 2017): 52-61. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.09789.
EndNote Khamashta-ledezma L, Naini FB, Manisalı M (November 1, 2017) REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 51 3 Suppl 1 52–61.
IEEE L. Khamashta-ledezma, F. B. Naini, and M. Manisalı, “REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY”, J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent, vol. 51, no. 3 Suppl 1, pp. 52–61, 2017, doi: 10.17096/jiufd.09789.
ISNAD Khamashta-ledezma, Leila et al. “REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 51/3 Suppl 1 (November 2017), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.09789.
JAMA Khamashta-ledezma L, Naini FB, Manisalı M. REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2017;51:52–61.
MLA Khamashta-ledezma, Leila et al. “REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, vol. 51, no. 3 Suppl 1, 2017, pp. 52-61, doi:10.17096/jiufd.09789.
Vancouver Khamashta-ledezma L, Naini FB, Manisalı M. REVIEW OF NASAL CHANGES WITH MAXILLARY ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2017;51(3 Suppl 1):52-61.