Dilaltından İlaçların Taşınması ve Laboratuvar Hayvanlarındaki Uygulamaları

Abstract

Dilaltı yoldan sistemik ilaç taşınması, farmakolojik etkinin hemen başlamasını sağlama arzusundan doğmuştur. Disfaji (yutma güçlüğü), tüm yaş gruplarında oral katı dozaj formlarını yutmakta güçlük çeken hastaların ortak sorunudur. Özellikle yaşlılarda, çocuklarda, zihinsel engellilerde, mide bulantısı olan veya sıvı alımı/diyeti azaltılmış kişilerde yutma problemlidir. İlacın dilaltı yoldan emilimi, oral yoldan 3 ila 10 kat daha fazladır. Dilaltı absorpsiyon çoğunlukla hızlıdır, fakat aynı zamanda süresi dekısadır. Karaciğerden ilk geçiş etkisi ve ayrıca gastrik bozulma da önlenir, böylece biyoyararlanım artar. Bu derlemenin amacı, dilaltı ilaç taşıma sistemlerinin ve bunlarla ilişkili ürünlerin geliştirilmesine rehberlik sağlamak için dilaltı uygulama bölgesinin fizyolojisini incelemek ve ilaçlar açısından değerlendirmek, literatürde yapılan hayvan modelli çalışmalar ile dilaltı uygulama yolunun önemini analiz etmektir.

Keywords

• Biyoyararlanım
• dilaltı
• disfaji
• hayvan modeli
• ilk geçiş etkisi

Sublingual Drug Delivery and Applications in Laboratory Animals

Abstract

Systemic drug delivery via sublingual route arose from the desire to ensure the immediate onset of pharmacological action. Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is a commonproblem for patients of all age groups who have difficulty swallowing oral solid dosage forms. It is especially a problem in the elderly, children, mentally handicapped people, people with nauseaor reduced fluid intake/diet. Sublingual absorption of the drug is 3 to 10 times greater than orally. Sublingual absorption is usually rapid, but also short in duration. The first-pass effect through the liver as well as gastric degradation is prevented, thus increasing the bioavailability. The aim of this review is to examine the physiology of the sublingual administration site and to evaluate it in terms of drugs, to provide guidance for the development of the sublingual drug delivery systems and their related products, and to analyze the importance of the sublingual administration route with animal model studies in the literature.

Keywords

• Animal model
• Bioavailability
• dysphagia
• first-pass effect
• sublingual.

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