Examining the Effects of Oxygen Exposure on the Developing Brain Through Murine Models

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 15 - 25, 29.03.2024

Canberk Yılmaz , Defne Engür , Abdullah Kumral , Osman Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10894221

Abstract

Hyperoxia is one of the key players contributing preterm brain injury. Researchers typically use rodent models to pinpoint the underlying pathologic alterations in hyperoxic brain damage. When evaluating the neurological effects of neonatal hyperoxic brain injury in an experimental model, choosing the appropriate assessment techniques is crucial. The goal of this article is to review the behavioral and learning tests that can be used to determine the impact of hyperoxia on the developing brain. Injuries to the nervous system can be recovered very quickly in newborn rodents. Thus, the timing of evaluation tests are very critical. A model that is appropriate for the brain's developmental processes and accurately simulates the damage in humans should be utilized in studies on neonatal hyperoxic brain injury, and the right test should be chosen at the appropriate time. In the first twenty days, physical and motor development tests, and subsequent evaluation of damaged brain structures are relevant. The open field and forced swim tests can be used to assess the animal's locomotor activity and depressive condition, while the watermaze, passive avoidance and new object recognition tests can be used to assess cognitive abilities. In laboratory mice and rats, physical development and motor reflex development tests can be started right after birth, while learning and memory tests can be done from 4 weeks at the earliest. Correlations between motor development, behavior, memory tests, and results of cellular/ molecular studies should be made and interpreted carefully.

Keywords

Brain injury, behavioral test, hyperoxia model, motor development tests, newborn rodent

Yenidoğan Rodent Modellerinde Hiperoksik Beyin Hasarının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Hiperoksi, preterm beyin hasarına katkıda bulunan önemli postnatal faktörlerden biridir. Hiperoksinin neden preterm beyin dokusunda yol açtığı olduğu patolojik süreçlerin aydınlatılabilmesi için deneysel kemirgen modelleri sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu derleme, yenidoğan hiperoksik beyin hasarının değerlendirmesinde, araştırmacıların davranış ve öğrenme testleri ile ilgili seçimlerine ışık tutmayı hedeflemektedir. Yenidoğan kemirgen modellerinde, hayvanların nörolojik hasarlarından hızla iyileşme konusunda yüksek yeteneğe sahip olduğu göz ardı edilmemeli ve değerlendirme testlerinin yapılma zamanı iyi belirlenmelidir. Beynin gelişimsel süreçlerine uygun, insanlardaki hasarı daha iyi yansıtacak hayvan modeli kullanılmalı, doğru değerlendirme testi seçilmeli ve seçilen testler doğru zamanda uygulanmalıdır. Yaşamın ilk yirmi gününde fiziksel ve motor gelişim testleri kullanılmalı, daha sonraki süreçte beyin olgunlaşmasına paralel olarak davranış ve bellek testleri ile değerlendirilme yapılmalıdır. Lokomotor aktivite ve depresyon varlığı açısından açık alan testi, bilişsel işlevlerin değerlendirilmesi için yeni obje tanıma, su labirenti ve pasif kaçınma testleri seçilebilir. Motor gelişim, davranış ve bellek testleri, hücresel ve moleküler değişiklikler ile korele edilerek yorumlanmalıdır.

Keywords

Beyin hasarı, davranış testleri, hiperoksi modeli, motor gelişim testleri, yenidoğan rodent.

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