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Impacts of modern agriculture on environment and sustainable agriculture

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 171 - 182, 07.08.2022

Esin Candan Demirkol

Abstract

Since the day humans settled down, they have made an effort to transform nature in line with their own wishes and needs. The damage caused to nature beginning with the industrial revolution has been ignored for a long time. The prevailing understanding of development was that nature overcame this situation by cleansing itself. However, it is obvious that the pollution created in nature does not disappear on its own, as it is thought. The agricultural production process, which is considered the most “innocent”, also contributes negatively to environmental pollution. Especially fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides used in industrial agriculture cause serious damage to the environment. The study aims to deal with the duality of the environmental pollution caused by agriculture and the effects of environmental pollution in agriculture. Sustainable agriculture practices may reduce environmental pollution and enable a sustainable development in terms of agriculture.

Keywords

Agriculture development environmental pollution sustainability sustainable agriculture

References

  • ALLOWAY, B.J., ed. 2013. Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and their Bioavailability. Third edition. Environmental Pollution. Springer Netherlands. ISBN:9789400744691.
  • BARASA, P. M., Botai, C. M., BOTAI, J. O., MABHAUDHI, T. (2021). A Review of Climate-Smart Agriculture Research and Applications in Africa. Agronomy, 11(6), 1255.
  • BARROW, CJ (1991). Land Degradation: Development and Breakdown of Terrestrial Environments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN: 0521353335.
  • CIPOLLA, C. M. (1965). Guns, Sails and Empires. Technological innovation and the early phases of European expansion.
  • CRIPPA, M., SOLAZZO, E., GUIZZARDI, D., MONFORTI- FERRARIO, F., TUBIELLO, F.N. & LEIP, A. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nat Food, 2: 198–209. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s43016-021-00225-9.
  • CHILDE G.V. (1993). What Happened in History, Penguin Press, ISBN: 0140551573.
  • DURMAN, M. Önder (2015). Doğal Kaynaklar ve Çevre Ekonomisi, Ekin Basım Yayım Dağıtım, Bursa ISBN: 978-605-327-118-5.
  • ELLIOTT, J.A. (2006). An Introduction to Sustainable Development. Routledge. ISBN: 9780415590730.
  • FOTOREHCHI, Z. Şahinöz A. (2016). Çevre Ekonomisi ve Politikaları. İmaj Yayınları ISBN:9786055339517.
  • FAO (2003). World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030 An FAO Perspective. Earthscan, London.
  • FAO & ITPS. (2015). Status of the World’s Soil Resources (SWSR) - Main Report. Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils. http://www.fao.org/3/ a-i5199e. pdf, [Access Date: 02.03.2022].
  • FAO (2020). AQUASTAT. In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome. www.fao.org/aquastat/statistics/query/index. html;jsessionid=542857BF71E3835737530C83DDC9AC89.
  • FAO. (2021). Climate Smart Agriculture Case Studies 2021-Projects from around the World. In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome [https://doi.org/10.4060/cb5359en ISBN:978-92-5-134616-7.
  • FOLEY JA, DEFRIES R, ASNER GP, BARFORD C, BONAN G, CARPENTER SR,CHAPIN FS, COE MT, DAILY GC, GIBBS HK, HELKOWSKI JH,HOLLOWAY T, HOWARD EA, KUCHARIK CJ, MONFREDA C, PATZ JA,PRENTICE IC, RAMANKUTTY N. & SNYDER PK (2005). Global Consequences of Land Use. Science N Y309, 570— 574. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772
  • IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 976.
  • İNANÇLI S. (2018). Ulusal ve Uluslararası Boyutta Çevre Ekonomisi, Seçkin Yayınları. ISBN: 9789750230516
  • KREMEN C., Miles A. (2012). Ecosystem Services in Biologically Diversified Versus Conventional Farming Systems: Benefits, Externalities, and Trade-offs. Ecological and Society (17), 40
  • LYNCH J, CAIN M, FRAME D & PIERREHUMBERT R (2021). Agriculture’s Contribution to Climate Change and Role in Mitigation Is Distinct from Predominantly Fossil CO2-Emitting Sectors. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 4:518039. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.518039
  • MALTHUS, T.R. (1872). An Essay on the Principle of Population, London (Electronic Scholarly Publishing Project http://www.esp.org, [Access Date: 20.04.2022]
  • MARTINEZ, J. Great Smog of London, Encyclopedia Britannica, 09 Sep.2019 https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Smog-of-London, [Access Date: 20.04.2020]
  • MAZI, F., TAN, M. (2009). Nüfus Artışı Kaynak Tüketimi ve Çevre, Mevzuat Dergisi, 12(136). https://www. mevzuatdergisi.com/2009/04a/02.htm
  • MAZOYER, M., Roudar, L. (2009). Dünya Tarım Tarihi Neolitik Çağdan Günümüzdeki Krize, Epos Yayınları. ISBN:9789756790700
  • MYHRE, G., SHINDELL, D., BRÉON, F.-M., COLLINS, W., FUGLESTVEDT, J., HUANG, D., et al. (2013). “Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing,” in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, and J. Boschung, et al. (Cambridge; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press), 659–740.
  • MONTENY, G., BANNINK, A. CHADWICK, D. (2006). Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategies for Animal Husbandry, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 112 (2—3), 163—70.
  • OGUNDELE, L. T., OWOADE, O. K., HOPKE, P. K., & Olise, F. S. (2017). Heavy Metals in Industrially Emitted Particulate Matter in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Environmental research, 156, 320-325.
  • PARR, JF, Papendick RI, Hornick SB, Meyer RE. (1992). Soil Quality: Attributes and Relationship to Alternative and Sustainable Agriculture. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7, 5–11 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0889189300004367
  • PRETTY, J. N. (2008). Agricultural Sustainability: Concepts, Principles and Evidence, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 363(1491), 447—465.
  • REIJNTJES, C, Haverkart B, Waters-Bayer A. (1992). Farming for The Future: An Introduction to Low External- Input and Sustainable Agriculture. Macmillan.
  • ROBERTSON P.G. (2015). A Sustainable Agriculture? American Academy of Art & Science. 144(4) (Fall 2015): 76-89, Doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_0035 https://www.jstor.org/stable/24711565
  • RODRÍGUEZ-EUGENIO, N., McLaughlin, M. and Pennock, D. (2018). Soil Pollution: A Hidden Reality. Rome, FAO. 142.)
  • SERİM N. (2015). Çevre ve Doğal Kaynaklar Ekonomisi, Ekin Basım Yayım Dağıtım,Bursa ISNB:978-605-327-253-3
  • ŞENEL A. (1995). İlkel Topluluktan Uygar Topluma, 4. Basım, Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • TEY, YEONG SHENG & LI, ELTON & BRUWER, JOHAN & ABDULLAH, AMIN & CUMMINS, JAY & RADAM, ALIAS & ISMAIL, MOHD & DARHAM, SURYANI. (2012). Refining the Definition of Sustainable Agriculture: An Inclusive Perspective from the Malaysian Vegetable Sector. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology. 6. 379-396. 10.14456/mijst.2012.2.
  • TMMOB Çevre Mühendisleri Odası (2018) Dünya Çevre Günü Türkiye Raporu, (http://www.cmo. org.tr/resimler/ekler/0d4a5b926c005a6_ek.pdf. [Date of Access: 05.04.2020]
  • TSIAFOULI MA, Thebault E, Sgardelis SP et al. (2015) Intensive Agriculture Reduces Soil Biodiversity Across Europe. Global Change Biology 21:973-985. doi:10.1111/gcb.12752
  • TURHAN Ş. (2005), Tarımda Sürdürülebilirlik ve Organik Tarım. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 11 (1) (253316 (dergipark.org.tr)13-24) [Access Date: 23.04.2022]
  • United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) (1992) https:// sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/ documents/Agenda21.pdf. [Access Date: 06.04.2020] UN Environment (2017, Dec.5). Tackling the growing challenge of soil pollution UN Environment: https://www.unenvironment.org/news-andstories/story/tackling-growing- challenge-soil-pollution. [Access Date: 02.04.2022]
  • WICHMANN, S. (2018). Economic Incentives for Climate Smart Agriculture on Peatlands in the EU. Proceedings of the Greifswald Mire Centre, 1, 2018
  • World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1987). Our Common Future, Oxford University Press (https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/ documents/5987our-common-future.pdf. [Access Date: 03.04.2020]
  • WREFORD, A., D. Moran and N. Adger (2010). Climate Change and Agriculture: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation, OECD Publishing, Paris

Impacts of modern agriculture on environment and sustainable agriculture

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 171 - 182, 07.08.2022

Esin Candan Demirkol

Abstract

Since the day humans settled down, they have made an effort to transform nature in line with their own wishes and needs. The damage caused to nature beginning with the industrial revolution has been ignored for a long time. The prevailing understanding of development was that nature overcame this situation by cleansing itself. However, it is obvious that the pollution created in nature does not disappear on its own, as it is thought. The agricultural production process, which is considered the most “innocent”, also contributes negatively to environmental pollution. Especially fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides used in industrial agriculture cause serious damage to the environment. The study aims to deal with the duality of the environmental pollution caused by agriculture and the effects of environmental pollution in agriculture. Sustainable agriculture practices may reduce environmental pollution and enable a sustainable development in terms of agriculture.

Keywords

Agriculture development environmental pollution sustainability sustainable agriculture

References

  • ALLOWAY, B.J., ed. 2013. Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and their Bioavailability. Third edition. Environmental Pollution. Springer Netherlands. ISBN:9789400744691.
  • BARASA, P. M., Botai, C. M., BOTAI, J. O., MABHAUDHI, T. (2021). A Review of Climate-Smart Agriculture Research and Applications in Africa. Agronomy, 11(6), 1255.
  • BARROW, CJ (1991). Land Degradation: Development and Breakdown of Terrestrial Environments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN: 0521353335.
  • CIPOLLA, C. M. (1965). Guns, Sails and Empires. Technological innovation and the early phases of European expansion.
  • CRIPPA, M., SOLAZZO, E., GUIZZARDI, D., MONFORTI- FERRARIO, F., TUBIELLO, F.N. & LEIP, A. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nat Food, 2: 198–209. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s43016-021-00225-9.
  • CHILDE G.V. (1993). What Happened in History, Penguin Press, ISBN: 0140551573.
  • DURMAN, M. Önder (2015). Doğal Kaynaklar ve Çevre Ekonomisi, Ekin Basım Yayım Dağıtım, Bursa ISBN: 978-605-327-118-5.
  • ELLIOTT, J.A. (2006). An Introduction to Sustainable Development. Routledge. ISBN: 9780415590730.
  • FOTOREHCHI, Z. Şahinöz A. (2016). Çevre Ekonomisi ve Politikaları. İmaj Yayınları ISBN:9786055339517.
  • FAO (2003). World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030 An FAO Perspective. Earthscan, London.
  • FAO & ITPS. (2015). Status of the World’s Soil Resources (SWSR) - Main Report. Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils. http://www.fao.org/3/ a-i5199e. pdf, [Access Date: 02.03.2022].
  • FAO (2020). AQUASTAT. In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome. www.fao.org/aquastat/statistics/query/index. html;jsessionid=542857BF71E3835737530C83DDC9AC89.
  • FAO. (2021). Climate Smart Agriculture Case Studies 2021-Projects from around the World. In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome [https://doi.org/10.4060/cb5359en ISBN:978-92-5-134616-7.
  • FOLEY JA, DEFRIES R, ASNER GP, BARFORD C, BONAN G, CARPENTER SR,CHAPIN FS, COE MT, DAILY GC, GIBBS HK, HELKOWSKI JH,HOLLOWAY T, HOWARD EA, KUCHARIK CJ, MONFREDA C, PATZ JA,PRENTICE IC, RAMANKUTTY N. & SNYDER PK (2005). Global Consequences of Land Use. Science N Y309, 570— 574. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772
  • IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 976.
  • İNANÇLI S. (2018). Ulusal ve Uluslararası Boyutta Çevre Ekonomisi, Seçkin Yayınları. ISBN: 9789750230516
  • KREMEN C., Miles A. (2012). Ecosystem Services in Biologically Diversified Versus Conventional Farming Systems: Benefits, Externalities, and Trade-offs. Ecological and Society (17), 40
  • LYNCH J, CAIN M, FRAME D & PIERREHUMBERT R (2021). Agriculture’s Contribution to Climate Change and Role in Mitigation Is Distinct from Predominantly Fossil CO2-Emitting Sectors. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 4:518039. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.518039
  • MALTHUS, T.R. (1872). An Essay on the Principle of Population, London (Electronic Scholarly Publishing Project http://www.esp.org, [Access Date: 20.04.2022]
  • MARTINEZ, J. Great Smog of London, Encyclopedia Britannica, 09 Sep.2019 https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Smog-of-London, [Access Date: 20.04.2020]
  • MAZI, F., TAN, M. (2009). Nüfus Artışı Kaynak Tüketimi ve Çevre, Mevzuat Dergisi, 12(136). https://www. mevzuatdergisi.com/2009/04a/02.htm
  • MAZOYER, M., Roudar, L. (2009). Dünya Tarım Tarihi Neolitik Çağdan Günümüzdeki Krize, Epos Yayınları. ISBN:9789756790700
  • MYHRE, G., SHINDELL, D., BRÉON, F.-M., COLLINS, W., FUGLESTVEDT, J., HUANG, D., et al. (2013). “Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing,” in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, and J. Boschung, et al. (Cambridge; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press), 659–740.
  • MONTENY, G., BANNINK, A. CHADWICK, D. (2006). Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategies for Animal Husbandry, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 112 (2—3), 163—70.
  • OGUNDELE, L. T., OWOADE, O. K., HOPKE, P. K., & Olise, F. S. (2017). Heavy Metals in Industrially Emitted Particulate Matter in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Environmental research, 156, 320-325.
  • PARR, JF, Papendick RI, Hornick SB, Meyer RE. (1992). Soil Quality: Attributes and Relationship to Alternative and Sustainable Agriculture. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7, 5–11 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0889189300004367
  • PRETTY, J. N. (2008). Agricultural Sustainability: Concepts, Principles and Evidence, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 363(1491), 447—465.
  • REIJNTJES, C, Haverkart B, Waters-Bayer A. (1992). Farming for The Future: An Introduction to Low External- Input and Sustainable Agriculture. Macmillan.
  • ROBERTSON P.G. (2015). A Sustainable Agriculture? American Academy of Art & Science. 144(4) (Fall 2015): 76-89, Doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_0035 https://www.jstor.org/stable/24711565
  • RODRÍGUEZ-EUGENIO, N., McLaughlin, M. and Pennock, D. (2018). Soil Pollution: A Hidden Reality. Rome, FAO. 142.)
  • SERİM N. (2015). Çevre ve Doğal Kaynaklar Ekonomisi, Ekin Basım Yayım Dağıtım,Bursa ISNB:978-605-327-253-3
  • ŞENEL A. (1995). İlkel Topluluktan Uygar Topluma, 4. Basım, Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • TEY, YEONG SHENG & LI, ELTON & BRUWER, JOHAN & ABDULLAH, AMIN & CUMMINS, JAY & RADAM, ALIAS & ISMAIL, MOHD & DARHAM, SURYANI. (2012). Refining the Definition of Sustainable Agriculture: An Inclusive Perspective from the Malaysian Vegetable Sector. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology. 6. 379-396. 10.14456/mijst.2012.2.
  • TMMOB Çevre Mühendisleri Odası (2018) Dünya Çevre Günü Türkiye Raporu, (http://www.cmo. org.tr/resimler/ekler/0d4a5b926c005a6_ek.pdf. [Date of Access: 05.04.2020]
  • TSIAFOULI MA, Thebault E, Sgardelis SP et al. (2015) Intensive Agriculture Reduces Soil Biodiversity Across Europe. Global Change Biology 21:973-985. doi:10.1111/gcb.12752
  • TURHAN Ş. (2005), Tarımda Sürdürülebilirlik ve Organik Tarım. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 11 (1) (253316 (dergipark.org.tr)13-24) [Access Date: 23.04.2022]
  • United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) (1992) https:// sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/ documents/Agenda21.pdf. [Access Date: 06.04.2020] UN Environment (2017, Dec.5). Tackling the growing challenge of soil pollution UN Environment: https://www.unenvironment.org/news-andstories/story/tackling-growing- challenge-soil-pollution. [Access Date: 02.04.2022]
  • WICHMANN, S. (2018). Economic Incentives for Climate Smart Agriculture on Peatlands in the EU. Proceedings of the Greifswald Mire Centre, 1, 2018
  • World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1987). Our Common Future, Oxford University Press (https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/ documents/5987our-common-future.pdf. [Access Date: 03.04.2020]
  • WREFORD, A., D. Moran and N. Adger (2010). Climate Change and Agriculture: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation, OECD Publishing, Paris
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esin Candan Demirkol This is me 0000-0002-6419-9990

Publication Date August 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

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APA Demirkol, E. C. (2022). Impacts of modern agriculture on environment and sustainable agriculture. Journal of Life Economics, 9(3), 171-182.
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