The Determination of Individual Rock Block Volumes Using a Smartphone with LIDAR Sensor for a Rockfall Area

Abstract

Determining the volume of fallen blocks in a rockfall area is a crucial parameter for rockfall modeling studies. Within this scope, the dimensions of 30 andesite blocks that had fallen from the slopes of the Ankara Zir Valley, where there is heavy vehicle traffic, were measured with a tape measure and a photogrammetric three-dimensional (3D) model was generated using a smartphone equipped with laser scanning capabilities. Hence, the fallen blocks’ volume was determined by utilizing data obtained from both conventional and photogrammetric methods, and, a comparison was subsequently made between the calculations derived from these two different approaches. There is a significant statistical correlation between the volume values obtained by the conventional method and those found using photogrammetry. Measurements conducted using tape measures in the field can be time consuming and the results may vary depending on the precision of the individual performing the measurement. Furthermore, while determining the volume of blocks that have an irregular shape, the shape is simplified to a regular geometric form and an approximation is performed. Smartphones enable the differentiation of each block through a single measurement, allowing the independent calculation of their volumes. These results emphasize the effectiveness of the photogrammetric method employed in this study.

Keywords

• Rockfall
• Block volume
• Smartphone
• LiDAR
• Point cloud

Bir Kaya Düşme Alanında LiDAR Sensörlü Akıllı Telefon Kullanarak Tekil Kaya Blok Hacimlerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bir kaya düşmesi bölgesinde düşen blokların hacminin belirlenmesi kaya düşmesi modelleme çalışmaları için önemli bir parametredir. Bu kapsamda yoğun bir araç trafiğinin bulunduğu Ankara Zir Vadisi yamaçlarından düşen 30 adet andezit bloğun hem şerit metre ile boyutları ölçülmüş, hem de lazer tarama özelliği bulunan bir akıllı telefon aracılığıyla fotogrametrik üç boyutlu (3B) modeli oluşturulmuştur. Böylece hem geleneksel, hem de fotogrametrik yöntemle toplanan veriler yardımıyla düşen blokların hacim hesapları gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu iki farklı yöntemle yapılan hesaplar karşılaştırılmıştır. Buna göre; geleneksel yöntemle belirlenen hacim değerleri ile fotogrametrik olarak belirlenen hacimler arasında istatiksel olarak yüksek bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Arazide şerit metre ile yapılan ölçümler zaman kaybı oluşturmakta, sonuçlar ölçümü alan kişinin hassasiyetine bağlı olarak değişebilmektedir. Ayrıca, düzensiz bir şekle sahip blokların hacmi hesaplanırken şekil düzenli bir geometriye indirgenmekte ve bir yaklaşımda bulunulmaktadır. Akıllı telefonlar ile tek bir ölçümle her bir blok ayırtlanabilmekte ve hacimleri ayrı ayrı hesaplanabilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, çalışmada kullanılan fotogrametrik yöntemi uygulama pratikliği açısından ön plana çıkarmaktadır.

Keywords

• Kaya düşmesi
• Blok hacmi
• Akıllı telefon
• LiDAR
• nokta bulutu

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