Fitolit Sistematikleri

Çeviren: Haydar İlker

Fitolit Sistematikleri

Abstract

Bitkilerdeki mineral depolanmaları olan fitolitler, önemli arkeolojik ve paleoortamsal bilgiler elde edinebilme potansiyeline sahiptirler. Çeşitli ortamsal koşullar altında korunan bitkilerden sadece fitolitler, arkeolojik ve paleoortamsal yorum için yararlı veriler sunan sistematikte denenmişlerdir. Buradaki önemli konu, şeklin tan ımı ve bitki alemindeki veri dağılımı olan sistematiktir. Kalsiyum fitolitleri, kristal ve amorf şekillerin genel terimlerle ifade edildiği mikroskop çalışmasının ilk aşamasından başlanarak izlenirler. Opal fitolitleri daha çok dikkat çekmişlerdir. Fitolit sınıflandırmasına yönelik çok çeşitli yaklaşımlar vardır. Bu makale, fitolit sınıflandırmaları ile ilgili birçok konuyu içermektedir.

Keywords

References

Andrejko, MJ, Cohen, AD and Raymond, R, Jr 1983, Origin of mineral matter in peat. In Roymond, R, Jr and Andrejko, MJ, eds, Mineral Matter in Peat Los Alamos, New Mexico, Los Alamos National Laboratory: 3-24.
Arnott, HJ. 1976, Calcification in higher plants. In Watabe, N and Wilbur, KM, eds, The Mechanisms of Mineralization in the Invertebrates and Plants. Columbia, South Carolina, University of South Carolina Press: 55-78.
Baker, G. 1959a, Fossil opal-phytoliths and phytolith nomenclature. Australian Journal of Science 21: 305- 306.
—1959b, Opal phytoliths in some Victorian soils and "red rain" residues. Australian Journal of Botany 7: 64-87.
—1960 Phytolitharien. Australian Journal of Science 22: 392-393.
Bartoli, F. and Wilding, LP. 1980 Dissolution of biogenic opal as a function of its physical and chemical properties. Soil Science Society of America, Journal 44: 873-878.
Brown, DA. 1984, Prospects and limits of a phytolith key for grasses in the central United States. Journal of Archaeological Science 11: 345-368.
Bryant, VM. Jr 1974, The role of coprolite analysis in archaeology. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 45; 1-28.

Brydon, JE, Dore, WG and Clark, JS 1963 Silicified plant asterosclerids preserved in soil. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings 27: 476-477.
Bukry, D. 1979, Comments on opal phytoliths and stratigraphy of Neogene silico-falgellates and coccoliths at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 397 off northwest Africa. In Shamback, JD, ed, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 49: 977-1009. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office.
—1987, North Atlantic Quaternary silicoflagellatcs, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 94. In Orlfsky, S, ed, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 94(2): 779-783. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office.
Carbone, VA (ms) 1977, Environment and prehistory in the Shenandoah Valley, PhD dissertation, The Catholic University of America: 227 p.
Chattaway, MM 1953, The occuurrence of heatrwood crystals in certain timbers. Australian Journal of Botany 1: 27-38.
—1955, Crystals in woody tissues: Part I. Tropical Woods 102: 55-74.
—1956, Crystals in woody tissues: Part II. Tropical Woods 104: 100-124.
Cummings, L. Scott (ms) 1989, Coprolites from medieval Christian Nubia: An interpretation of diet and nutritional stress. PhD dissertation, University of Colorado: 204 p.
Dimbleby, GW 1978, Plants and Archaeology. Atlantic Heights, Nev Jersey, Humanities Press, Inc: 190 p.
Dormaar, JF and Lutwick, LE 1969, Infrared spectra of humic acids and opal phytoliths as indicators of paleosols. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 49: 29-37.
Dumitrica, P 1973 Phytolitharia. In Kaneps, AG, ed, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 13 (2): 940-943. Washington, DC, Us Government Printing Office.
Ehrenberg, CG 1854 Mikrogeologie, 2 volumes, Leipzig, Leopold Voss: 374 p.
Folger, DW, Burckle, LH and Heezen, BC 1967 Opal phytoliths in a North Atlantic dust fall. Science 155: 1243-1244.
Franceschi, VR and Homer, HT, Jr 1980 Calcium oxalate crystals in plants. Botanical Review 46: 361-427.
Fredlund, GG, Johnson, WC and Dort, W, Jr 1985 A preliminary analysis of opal phytoliths from the Eustis Ash Pit, Frontier County, Nebraska. Institute for Tertiary-Quaternary Studies, TER-QUA Symposium Series 1: 147-162.
Fujiwara, H, Jones, R and Brockwell, S 1985 Plant opals (phytoliths) in Kakadu archaeological sites: A preliminary report. In Joner, R, ed, Archaeological Research in Kakadu National Park. Australian National Park and Wildlife, Special Publication 13, Canberra, Australian National University: 155-164.
Gross, Er (ms) 1973, Buried soils of the drainageways in the driftless area of the upper Mississippi Valley, PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota: 195 p.
Haberlandt, G 1914, Physiological Plant Anatomy. London, Macmillan and Co: 777 p.
Hayward, DM and Parry, DW 1980, Scanning electron microscopy of silica deposits in the culms, floral bracts, and awns of barley (Hordeum sativum Jess.). Annals of Botany 46: 541-548.
Helbaek, H 1961, Studying the diet of ancient man. Archaeology 14: 95-101.
Her, RK 1979, The Chemistry of Silica. New York, John Wiley & Sons: 866 p.
Jones, LHP and Handrek, KA 1967, Silica in soils, plants and animals. Advancer in Agronomy 19: 107-149.
Jones, RL 1964, Note on occurrence of opal phytoliths in some Cenozoic sedimentary rocks. Journal of Paleontology 38: 773-775.
Jones, RL and Beaver, AH 1964, Variation of opal phytolith among some great soil groups in Illinois. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings 28: 711-712.
Jones, RL and Hay, WW 1975, Bioliths. In Giesking, JE, ed, Soil Components. II. New York, Springer Verlag: 481496.
Kaufman, PB, Dayanandan, P, Takeoka, Y, Bigelow, WC, Jones, JD and Her, R 1981, Silica in shoots of higher plants. In Simpson, TL and Volcani, BE, eds, silicon and Siliceous Structures in Biological Systems. New York, Springer-Verlag: 409-449.
Lanning, FC 1961, Calcite in Lesquerella ovalifolia trichomes. Science 133: 380.
Lewis, RO 1981, Use of opay phytoliths in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Journal of Ethmobiology 1: 175-181.
Locker, S and Martini, E 1986, Phytoliths from the southwest Pacific, site 591. In Blakeslee, JH, ed, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 90(2): 1079-1084. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office.
MacDonald, LL (ms) 1974, Opal phytoliths as indicators of plant succession in North-Central Wyoming: 71 p.
McNair, JB 1932, The interrelation between substances in plants: Essential oils and resins, cyannogen and oxalate. American Journal of Botany 19: 255-271.
Melia, MB 1984, The distribution and relationships between palynomorphs in aerosols and deep-sea sediments off the coast of northwest Africa. Marine Geology 58: 345-371.
Metcalfe, CR 1960, Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. I. Gramineae. Oxford, Clarendon Press: 731 p.
—1971 Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. II. Cyperaceae. Oxford, Clarendon Press: 597 p.
Mulholland, SC 1989, Phytoliths shape frequencies in North Dakota grasses: A comparison to general patterns. Journal of Archaeological Science 16: 489-511.
Netolitzky, F 1929, Die kieselkorper. In Linsbauer, K, ed, Hanbuch der Pflanzen-anatomie 3(la): 1-19, Berlin, Gebruder Borntraeger.
Norgren, JA (ms) 1973, Distribution, from and significance of plant opal in Oregon soils. PhD dissertation, Oregon State University: 165 p.
Ollendorf, AL, Mulholland, SC and Rapp, G, Jr 1987, Phytoliths from some Israeli sedges. Israel Journal of Botany 36: 125-132.
Pearsall, DM 1978, Phytoliths analysis of archaeological soils: Evidence for maize cultivation in Formative Ecuador. Science 199: 177-178.
— (ms) 1979, The application of ethnobotanical techniques to the problem of subsistence in the Ecuadorian Formative. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois: 267 p.
Pearsall, DM and Trimble, MK 1984, Identifying past agricultural activity through soil phytoliths analysis: A case study from the Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Archaeological Science 11: 119-133.
Piperno, DR 1984, A comparison and differentiation of phytoliths from maize and wild grasses: Use of morphological criteria. American Antiquity 49: 361-383.
—1985a, Phytolith analysis and tropical paleoecology: Production and taxonomic significance of siliceous forms in New World plant domesticates and wild species.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 45: 185-228.
—1985b, Phytolith analysis of geological sediments from Panama. Antiquity 59: 13-19.
—1988, Phytolith Analysis: An Archaeological and Geological Perspectiva. New York, Academic Press: 280 p.
Prat, H 1936, La systematique des Graminees. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Series 10, 18 : 165-258.
Rosen, AM 1987, Phytolith studies at Shiqmim. In Levy, TE, ed, Shiqmim I: Studies concerning Chalcolithic societies in the Negev Desert, Israel (1982-1984), British Archaeological Reports International Series 356: 343-249.
Rovner, I 1971, Potential of opal phytoliths for use in paleoecological reconstruction. Quaternary Research 1: 343-359.
— (ms) 1983a, Multi-disciplinary sense and nonsense: Is a science of phytoliths really necessary? Paper presented at the 149th AAAS Annual Meeting, Detroit, Michigan.
—1983b, Plant opal phytoliths analysis: Major advances in archaeobotanical research. In Schiffer, M, ed, Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 6: 225-266. New York, Academic Press.
—1988, Macro- and micro-ecological reconstruction using plant opal phytolith data from archaeological sediments. Geoarchaeology 3: 155-163.
Russ, JC and Rovner,1 1989, Stereological identification of opal phytolith populations from wild and cultivated Zea. American antiquity 54: 784-792.
Sangster, AG and Parry, DW 1981, Ultrastructure of silica deposits in higher plants. In Simpson, TL and Volcani, BE, eds, Silicon and Siliceous Structures in Biological Systems. New York, Springer Verlag: 383-407.
Scurfield, G, Michell, AJ and Silva, SR 1973, Crystals in woody stems. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society of London 66: 277-289.
Simkiss, K and Wilbur, KM 1989, Plant mineralizationions, silicification, and the transpiration stream. In Simkiss, K and Wilbur, KM, Biomineralization: Cell Biology and Mineral Deposition. New York, Academic Prss: 106-130.
Smithson, F 1958, Grass opal in British soils. Journal of Soil Science 9: 148-155.
Terrell, EE and Wergen, WP 1981, Epidermal features and silica deposition in lemmas and awns of Zizania (Gramineae). American Journal of Botany 68: 697- 707.
Tomlinson, PB 1969, Anatomy of the Monocatyledons. II. Palmae. Oxford, Clarendon Press: 453 p.
Turner, BL, II and Harrison, PD 1981, Prehistoric raised field agriculture in the Maya lowlands. Science Society of America, Proceedings 33: 109-115.
Wilding, LP and Drees, LR 1973, Scanning electron microscopy of opaque opaline forms isolated from forest soils in Ohio. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings 37: 647-650.
—1974, Contributions of forest opal and associated crystalline phases to fine silt and clay fractions of soils. Clays and Clay Minerals (Clay Mineral Society, Proceedings of the Conference) 22: 295-306.
Witty, JE and Knox, EG 1964, Grass opal in some chestnut and forested soils in north central Oregon. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings 28: 685- 688.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Other

Authors

Çeviren: Haydar İlker This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 15, 1993

Submission Date

January 1, 1993

Acceptance Date

May 1, 1993

Published in Issue

Year 1993 Volume: 17 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA63PC92NS

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Haydar İlker, Ç. (1993). Fitolit Sistematikleri. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 17(1), 108-117. https://izlik.org/JA63PC92NS

AMA

1.Haydar İlker Ç. Fitolit Sistematikleri. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi. 1993;17(1):108-117. https://izlik.org/JA63PC92NS

Chicago

Haydar İlker, Çeviren:. 1993. “Fitolit Sistematikleri”. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 17 (1): 108-17. https://izlik.org/JA63PC92NS.

EndNote

Haydar İlker Ç (May 1, 1993) Fitolit Sistematikleri. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 17 1 108–117.

IEEE

[1]Ç. Haydar İlker, “Fitolit Sistematikleri”, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 108–117, May 1993, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA63PC92NS

ISNAD

Haydar İlker, Çeviren: “Fitolit Sistematikleri”. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 17/1 (May 1, 1993): 108-117. https://izlik.org/JA63PC92NS.

JAMA

1.Haydar İlker Ç. Fitolit Sistematikleri. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi. 1993;17:108–117.

MLA

Haydar İlker, Çeviren: “Fitolit Sistematikleri”. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 1, May 1993, pp. 108-17, https://izlik.org/JA63PC92NS.

Vancouver

1.Çeviren: Haydar İlker. Fitolit Sistematikleri. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi [Internet]. 1993 May 1;17(1):108-17. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA63PC92NS