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Açık Ocak Albit İşletmesindeki Kaya Şevlerinin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi Kullanılarak Duraylılık Değerlendirmesi

Year 2014, , 1 - 18, 15.06.2014
https://doi.org/10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.293044

Abstract

Çalışma alanı, Aydın, Çine-Karpuzlu’da bulunan Alipaşa açık ocak albit madenidir. Maden sahasında sadece lökokratik ortognayslar yüzlek vermektedir. Albit cevheri, K65B yönünde 129 m genişliğe, K25D yönünde yaklaşık 900 m uzunluğa sahiptir. Alipaşa albit açık ocak işletmesinin bugünkü taban kotu 395 m iken, tabandan itibaren 45 m daha işletilmesi planlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ocağın doğu şevleri için, maden çıkarma çalışmaları bittikten sonraki optimum şev açısının belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda, kaya kütlesinin ayrıntılı arazi gözlemleri yapılmış ve kaya materyali üzerinde laboratuvar deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha, sonra bu veriler ile açık ocaktaki derin şevler için (H > 100 m) nümerik analiz çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Yapılan nümerik analizlerde, sonlu elemanlar yöntemi (FEM) kullanılarak, Genelleştirilmiş Hoek-Brown Ölçütü’nün ve eşdeğer Mohr-Coulomb parametrelerinin çalışma alanındaki çatlaklı kaya şevine uygulanabilirliği incelenmiştir. Analizler kapsamında, arazideki yerel blok kaymalarından etkilenen alandan geçen, tansiyon çatlaklarına dik beş adet jeoteknik kesit alınmış, farklı Jeolojik Dayanım İndeksi (GSI), sismik ivme katsayısı, şev açısı ve yeraltısu durumu değerleri kullanılarak, iki boyutlu sonlu eleman analizi yapabilen Phase2 V.7.013 programı yardımı ile duraylılık analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, her bir kesit için güvenlik katsayısı değerleri (gerilme azaltma faktörleri - SRF) elde edilmiş, şevin yenilme mekanizması ortaya çıkarılmış ve şevin yenilme türünün nedenleri araştırılmıştır. Her iki yöntemden (Genelleştirilmiş Hoek-Brown ve Eşdeğer Mohr-Coulomb Ölçütü) elde edilen gerilme azaltma faktörü (SRF) değerleri, SPSS V.15.0.1 programı kullanılarak karşılaştırılmış ve çalışma alanındaki ortognaysları en iyi temsil eden ölçüt doğrultusunda, nihai şev açısı belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Anon, 1977. The description of rock masses for engineering purposes. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 10, 43–52.
  • Candan, O., Çetinkaplan, M., Oberhansli, R., Rimmele, G., Akal, C., 2005. Alpine highpressure/ Low temperature metamorphism of Afyon Zone and implication for metamorphic evolution of western Anatolia, Turkey. Lithos, 84, 102-124.
  • Dips V 6.0, 2012. Graphical and Statistical Analysis of Orientation Data, Rocscience Inc. Fukushima, Y., Tanaka, T., 1990. A new attenuation relation for peak horizontal acceleration of strong earthquake ground motion in Japan. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 80, 757-783.
  • Graciansky, P., 1965. Précisions sur le métamorphisme du massif de Menderes le long de sa bordure meridionale. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, 64, 9-23.
  • Hammah, R.E., Yacoub, T.E., Corkum, B., Curran, J.H., 2005. The Shear strength reduction method for the Generalized Hoek-Brown Criterion. In Proceedings of the 40th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, AlaskaRocks 2005, Anchorage, Alaska.
  • Hoek, E., 2006. Rock Mass Properties, In Practical Rock Engineering. Canada: The University of Toronto Press, 1-47 p.
  • Hoek, E., Bray, J.W., 1981. Rock Slope Engineering (3rd Edition). Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London, 309 p.
  • Hoek, E., Brown, E.T., 1997. Practical estimates ofrock mass strength. International Journal of
  • Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 34 (8), 1165–1186.
  • Hoek, E., Diederichs, M.S., 2006. Empirical estimation of rock mass modulus. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 43, 203–215.
  • Hoek, E., Carranza-Torres, C., Corkum, B., 2002. Hoek-Brown criterion-2002 edition. In Proceedings of North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, Toronto, Canada, 1, 267-273. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/ historical.php/
  • ISRM, 1978a. Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 15, 319-368.
  • ISRM, 1978b. uggested methods for determining the uniaxial compressive strength and deformability of rock materials. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 16, 135-140.
  • ISRM, 1981. Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: ISRM Suggested Methods. E.T.
  • Brown (ed.), Pergamon Press, 211 p.
  • Koca, M. Y., Kahraman, B., Karakuş, D., Özdoğan, M. V., 2010. General assessment of the stability of Overall slope of Ali Paşa Albite Mine, D.E.Ü. İZTEK, İzmir, 156 s.
  • Li, A.J., Merifield, R.S., Lyamin, A.V., 2008. Stability charts for rock slopes based on the Hoek–Brown failure criterion. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 45, 689-700.
  • Marinos, P., Hoek, E., 2001. Estimating the geotechnical properties of heterogeneous rock
  • masses such as flysch. Bulletin of the Engineering Geology and the Environment, 60, 85-92.
  • Nekouei, A.M., Ahangari, K., 2013. Validation of Hoek–Brown failure criterion charts for rock slopes. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 23 (6), 805-808.
  • Phase 2 V 7.013, 2010. Two-dimensional finite element analysis program. Rocscience Inc. RocLab V.0.1, 2007. Rock Mass Strength Analysis using the Generalized Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion. Rocscience Inc.
  • Sofianos A.I., 2003. Tunnelling Mohr–Coulomb strength parameters for rock masses satisfying the generalized Hoek–Brown failure criterion. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 40, 435–440.
  • Sofianos, A. I., Halakatevakis, N., 2002. Equivalent tunnelling Mohr–Coulomb strength parameters for given Hoek–Brown ones. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 39, 131–137.
  • Sofianos, A.I., Nomikos, P.P., 2006. Equivalent Mohr– Coulomb and generalized Hoek–Brown strength parameters for supported axisymmetric tunnels in plastic or brittle rock. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 43, 683- 704.
  • SPSS V. 15.0.1, 2006. Statistical Package For Social Sciences. IBM.
  • Şengör, A.M.C., 1987. Cross-faults and differential stretching of hanging walls in regions of lowangle normal faulting: examples from western Turkey. In Coward, M. P.,Dewey, J. F.,Hancock, P. L., (Ed.). Continental Extensional Tectonics, Geological Society (28th ed.), 575–589.
  • Tanyaş, H., Ulusay, R., 2013. Assessment of structurally-controlled slope failure mechanisms and remedial design considerations at a feldspar open pit mine, Western Turkey. Engineering
  • Geology, 155, 54– 68.
  • Uygun, A., Gümüşçü, A., 2000. Geology and origin of the albite deposite of the Çine submassif, southern Menderes Massif (SW-Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 122, 23-30.
Year 2014, , 1 - 18, 15.06.2014
https://doi.org/10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.293044

Abstract

References

  • Anon, 1977. The description of rock masses for engineering purposes. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 10, 43–52.
  • Candan, O., Çetinkaplan, M., Oberhansli, R., Rimmele, G., Akal, C., 2005. Alpine highpressure/ Low temperature metamorphism of Afyon Zone and implication for metamorphic evolution of western Anatolia, Turkey. Lithos, 84, 102-124.
  • Dips V 6.0, 2012. Graphical and Statistical Analysis of Orientation Data, Rocscience Inc. Fukushima, Y., Tanaka, T., 1990. A new attenuation relation for peak horizontal acceleration of strong earthquake ground motion in Japan. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 80, 757-783.
  • Graciansky, P., 1965. Précisions sur le métamorphisme du massif de Menderes le long de sa bordure meridionale. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, 64, 9-23.
  • Hammah, R.E., Yacoub, T.E., Corkum, B., Curran, J.H., 2005. The Shear strength reduction method for the Generalized Hoek-Brown Criterion. In Proceedings of the 40th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, AlaskaRocks 2005, Anchorage, Alaska.
  • Hoek, E., 2006. Rock Mass Properties, In Practical Rock Engineering. Canada: The University of Toronto Press, 1-47 p.
  • Hoek, E., Bray, J.W., 1981. Rock Slope Engineering (3rd Edition). Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London, 309 p.
  • Hoek, E., Brown, E.T., 1997. Practical estimates ofrock mass strength. International Journal of
  • Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 34 (8), 1165–1186.
  • Hoek, E., Diederichs, M.S., 2006. Empirical estimation of rock mass modulus. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 43, 203–215.
  • Hoek, E., Carranza-Torres, C., Corkum, B., 2002. Hoek-Brown criterion-2002 edition. In Proceedings of North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, Toronto, Canada, 1, 267-273. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/ historical.php/
  • ISRM, 1978a. Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 15, 319-368.
  • ISRM, 1978b. uggested methods for determining the uniaxial compressive strength and deformability of rock materials. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 16, 135-140.
  • ISRM, 1981. Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: ISRM Suggested Methods. E.T.
  • Brown (ed.), Pergamon Press, 211 p.
  • Koca, M. Y., Kahraman, B., Karakuş, D., Özdoğan, M. V., 2010. General assessment of the stability of Overall slope of Ali Paşa Albite Mine, D.E.Ü. İZTEK, İzmir, 156 s.
  • Li, A.J., Merifield, R.S., Lyamin, A.V., 2008. Stability charts for rock slopes based on the Hoek–Brown failure criterion. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 45, 689-700.
  • Marinos, P., Hoek, E., 2001. Estimating the geotechnical properties of heterogeneous rock
  • masses such as flysch. Bulletin of the Engineering Geology and the Environment, 60, 85-92.
  • Nekouei, A.M., Ahangari, K., 2013. Validation of Hoek–Brown failure criterion charts for rock slopes. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 23 (6), 805-808.
  • Phase 2 V 7.013, 2010. Two-dimensional finite element analysis program. Rocscience Inc. RocLab V.0.1, 2007. Rock Mass Strength Analysis using the Generalized Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion. Rocscience Inc.
  • Sofianos A.I., 2003. Tunnelling Mohr–Coulomb strength parameters for rock masses satisfying the generalized Hoek–Brown failure criterion. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 40, 435–440.
  • Sofianos, A. I., Halakatevakis, N., 2002. Equivalent tunnelling Mohr–Coulomb strength parameters for given Hoek–Brown ones. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 39, 131–137.
  • Sofianos, A.I., Nomikos, P.P., 2006. Equivalent Mohr– Coulomb and generalized Hoek–Brown strength parameters for supported axisymmetric tunnels in plastic or brittle rock. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 43, 683- 704.
  • SPSS V. 15.0.1, 2006. Statistical Package For Social Sciences. IBM.
  • Şengör, A.M.C., 1987. Cross-faults and differential stretching of hanging walls in regions of lowangle normal faulting: examples from western Turkey. In Coward, M. P.,Dewey, J. F.,Hancock, P. L., (Ed.). Continental Extensional Tectonics, Geological Society (28th ed.), 575–589.
  • Tanyaş, H., Ulusay, R., 2013. Assessment of structurally-controlled slope failure mechanisms and remedial design considerations at a feldspar open pit mine, Western Turkey. Engineering
  • Geology, 155, 54– 68.
  • Uygun, A., Gümüşçü, A., 2000. Geology and origin of the albite deposite of the Çine submassif, southern Menderes Massif (SW-Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 122, 23-30.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler - Articles
Authors

Tümay Kadakçı Koca This is me

M. Yalçın Koca

Publication Date June 15, 2014
Submission Date November 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2014

Cite

APA Kadakçı Koca, T., & Koca, M. Y. (2014). Açık Ocak Albit İşletmesindeki Kaya Şevlerinin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi Kullanılarak Duraylılık Değerlendirmesi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 38(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.24232/jeoloji-muhendisligi-dergisi.293044