Smallscale Karstic Surface Features Karren

Abstract

Karren or lapies is a general term, describing small-scale < 10 m karstic surface features. They are common on limestone surfaces. The main types of karrens are solution flutes rillenkarren , trittkarren heelprints , solution runnels rinnenkarren, rundkarren, meanderkarren , spitzkarren solution spikes, pinnacle karren , kluftkarren solution slots, grikes , solution pan kamenitza, tinajita and solution pit or hollow . They form by dissolution from surface water or water-sheets as solution flutes, trittkarren, and solution pans, from channelized water as solution runnels, from enlargement of structural weakness as kluftkarren, from draining water along roots as solution pit, and from massive rocks between discontinuities as spitzkarren. The dissolution process develops on bare rocks or beneath a thin surface cover soil, snow

Keywords

• Dissolution, diagenesis, karren, karst, limestone

Küçük Ölçekli Karstik Yüzey Yapıları Karen

Abstract

Karen veya lapye küçük ölçekli < 10 m karstik yüzey yapılarını tanımlayan genel bir terimdir. Kireçtaşı yüzeylerinde yaygındır. Başlıca karen tipleri; kaval yapısı, basamak yapısı, çözünme olukları oluk yapısı, yuvarlanmış oluk yapısı, menderesli oluk yapısı , sivri doruklu karen, yarık kareni, çözünme havuzları ve çözünme çukurlarıdır. Kaval yapısı, basamak yapısı ve çözünme havuzları yüzey sularından, çözünme olukları kanalize sulardan, yarık kareni süreksizliklerin çözünmeyle genişletilmesinden, sivri doruklu karen süreksizliklerle sınırlı masif kayaçların çözünmesiyle ve çözünme çukurları kök boyunca sızan sulardan çözünmeyle yoluyla oluşur. Çözünme işlemi örtüsüz kayaçlarda veya ince yüzey örtüsü toprak, kar altında gelişir.

Keywords

• Çözünme, diyajenez, karen, karst, kireçtaşı

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