İgnimbrit: Oluşumu ve Özellikleri

Year 1991, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 39 - 42, 15.05.1991

Ali Ihsan Gevrek Nizamettin Kazancı

Abstract

Piroklastik kayaçlar grubunun bir çeşidi olan ignimbrit halen tartışmalı bir jeoloji problemidir. Yaygın bulunuşu, pumis, volkanik cam ve litik parçaları içermesi dolayısıyla ilgi çekmektedir. Güncel volkanlarda izlenemeyişi bu ilgiyi artırmaktadır. Bol pumis içeren sıcak yerleşimli ve laminar akan piroklastik akma ürünleridir. Bazen kaynaklaşma gösterebilir. Eş anlamlı kullanılan bazı terimler tüf akması, pumis akması, kaynaklanmış tüf, kaynaklı çamur akması ve sıcak kül akmasıdır.

Keywords

Piroklastik Kayaç, İgnimbrit, Pumis Akması

İgnimbrite: Occurence and Properties

Abstract

İgnimbrite is a type of pyroclastic rocks and it’s occurence is still debated. ignimbrite is an interesting pyroclastic rock for geologist and volcanologist because it covers large areas and composed of volconic glass, pumice, and lithic clasts. It has been not observed in active volcanoes; therefore, it is found more interesting. Ignimbrites are contenting abundant pumices, laminar flows, the pyroclastic flow units products and are emplaced at high temperatures. They are occasionally welded. Synonyms are tuff flow, pumice flow, welded tuff, welded mud flow, and hot ash flow.

Keywords

Pyroclastic Rock, Ignimbrite, Pumice Flow

References

• Cas, R.A.F. and Wringht, J.W. 1988. Volcanic Successions, Modern and Ancient. Unwin, Hyman Ltd. 528 s. London.
• Gilbert. C.M., 1938. Welded tuff in eastern California Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 49. 1829-1862.
• Crowe, B.M, and Fisher, R. V. 1973. Sedimentary' structures in base-surge deposits with special reference to crossbedding, Ubehebe Crnaters, Death Valley, California. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 84, 663-682.
• Fisher, R.V., 1960. Classification of volcanic breccia. Geol. Soc. Amer., 71,973-982.
• Fisher, R.V., 1961. Prosposed classification of volcanclastic sediments and rocks Geol. Soc. Amer., 72, 1409-1414.
• Fisher, R.V., 1966. Mechanism of deposition from pyroclastic flows. Amer, Jour. Sei., 264, 350-363.
• Fisher, R.V. and Waters, A.C., 1970. Base surge bed forms in maar volcanoes. Am. Jour. Sei., 268, 157-180.
• Fisher, R.V., Smith, A.L., Wright, J.V., and Roobol, M.J., 1980. Ignimbritc veneer deposits are pyroclastic surge deposits? Nature, 286-912.
• Fisher, R.V., and Schmincke, H.U., 1984 Pyroclastic Rocks.Springer-Verlag, 472 s. New York.
• Foster, H.L. and Mason, A.C., 1955. 1950 and 1951 eruptions of Mihora Yama Oshima Volcano, Japon. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 66, 731-762.
• Marshall, P., 1935 Acid rocks of Taupo-Rotorua volcanic district. Trans. R. Soc. N.Z., 64. 323-375.
• Moore, J.C., 1967. Base surge in recent volcanic eruptions. Bull. Volcanol. 30. 337-367.
• Sparks, R.J.S., Self. S., and Walker, C.P.L., 1973. Products of ignimbrite eruptions, Geology. 1. 115-118.
• Sparks, R.J.S., 1976. Crain size variations in ignimbrites for the transport of pyroclastic flows. Sedimentology 23, 147-188.
• Walker, G.P.L., Heming, R.F. and Wilson C.J.N., 1980. Low aspect ratio ignimbrites Nature 283, 286-287.
• Walker, G.P.L., Wilson, C.J.N., and Froggatti P.C., 1981Anignimbrite venner deposit the trail, marker of pyroclastic flow. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 9, 409-421.
• Walker, G.P.L., 1983 Ignimbrite types and ignimbrite problems. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 17, 65-88.
• Wilson, C.J.N., and Walker. C.P.L., 1982. Ignimbrite depositional facies; the anatomy of a pyroclastic flow. J. Geol. Soc. London. 139. 581-591.
• Wollf, J.A., and Wright, J.V., 1981 Rheomorphism of welded tuffs. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 10, 13-34.
• Wright, J.V., Smith., A.L. and Self, S., 1980. A working terminology of pyroclastic deposists. J. Volcanol Geotherm. Res. 8, 315-336.