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Tortul İstiflerdeki Kırmızı Tabakaların Kökeni

Year 1992, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 104 - 108, 15.11.1992

Abstract

Tortul istiflerdeki kırmızı tabakaların kökeni hakkında iki görüş vardır. Birinci görüşe göre çökellere kırmızı rengi veren hematit, detritik olarak çökelme havzasına taşınmıştır. İkinci görüşe göre ise hematitin, çökeller içindeki demir içerikli tanelerin ayrışmasının bir ürünü olarak geliştiği şeklindedir. Gerek tropikal gerekse arid iklimlerin egemen olduğu bölgelerdeki güncel çökellerin kırmızı olmadıkları gözlenmiştir. Bu bölgelerdeki daha yaşlı çökellerde ise kırmızılanma derecesi yaşa bağlı olarak artmıştır. Bu da tortul istiflerdeki kırmızılanmanın depolanma öncesinden çok, depolanma sonrası işlevlerle olduğu görüşünü kuvvetlendirmiştir. Demir içerikli herhangi bir mineral, pigmentleşme içinde potansiyel bir kaynak olabilir. Ancak, bir istifteki kırmızı tabakaların gelişebilmesi, hematit oluşumu ile oluşan hematitin korunmasını sağlayacak taneler arası ortamın kimyasının uygun olmasına bağlıdır. Kırmızı tabakalar tek başlarına kesin bir iklim belirticisi olarak kullanılmamalıdır. Bu tabakaların çökelmesi anındaki iklim koşullarının yorumlanması, fauna ve flora içerikleri, eoliyen kumtaşları ve evaporitlerle olan ilişkileri beraberce yapılmalıdır.

References

  • Carrols, D., 1958, Role of clay minerals in the transportation of iron; Geochim. et Cosmochim Acta, v. 14, p. 1-27.
  • Chukhrow, F.V., 1973, On mineralogical and geochemical criteria in the genesis of red beds; Chemical Geology, v. 12, p. 67-75.
  • Garrels, R.M. and Christ, C.L., 1965, Solutions, Minerals and Equilibria; Harper & Row, New York, 459 pp.
  • Krynine, P.D., 1949, Origin of red beds; New York Acad. Sei. Trans. Series 2, v. 11, p. 60-68.
  • McBride, E.F., 1974, Significance of color in red, green, purple, olive, brown and gray beds of Difunta Group, Northeastern Mexico; Jour, of Sed. Petrology, v. 44, no. 3, p. 760-773.
  • Pittman, E.D., 1979, Recent advances in sandstone diagenesis; Ann. Rev. Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 7, p. 39-62.
  • Turner, P. and Ixer, R.A., 1977, Diagenetic development of unstable and stable magnetization in the St. Bees Sandstone (Triassic) of Northern England; Earth and Planetary Science Letter, v. 34, p. 113-124.
  • Van Houten, F.B., 1973, Origin of red beds a review: 1961-72; Ann. Rev. Earth and Planetary Sciences, c. 1, p. 39-61.
  • Walker, T.R., 1967, Formation of red beds in modem and ancient deserts; Geol. Society of America Bull, v. 78, p. 353-368.
  • Walker, T.R., 1974, Formation of red beds in moist tropical climates: A hypothesis;p Geol. Soc. of America Bull., c. 85, p. 633- 638.
  • Walker, T.R., 1976, Diagenetic origin of continental red beds; in R. Falke, (Editor), The Continental Permian in Central West and South Europe; NATO ASI Series C, Mathematica and Physical Sciences, c. 22, h, 240-282.
  • Walker, T.R., 1979, Red color in dune sand; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1052, p. 61-81.

Origin of Red Beds in Sedimentary Sequences

Year 1992, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 104 - 108, 15.11.1992

Abstract

There are two hypothesis about the origin of red beds. The first one contends that the hematite is detritally derived from lateritic soils. The second one espouses the view that the hematite is formed authigenically from alteration of iron bearing minerals. It has been observed that recent sediments from arid and tropical climate are not red. They redden with time and the degree of reddening take place with post depositional processes rather than predepositional processes. Any iron bearing mineral is a potential source for hematite pigment. However, the formation and preservation of red beds takes place if the chemistry of the interstatial environment is suitable. Red beds by itself should not be used as climate indicator. In order to make an interpretation about the climate during deposition, the flora, fauna and relations of red beds with the eolian sandstone and evaporite should be searched

References

  • Carrols, D., 1958, Role of clay minerals in the transportation of iron; Geochim. et Cosmochim Acta, v. 14, p. 1-27.
  • Chukhrow, F.V., 1973, On mineralogical and geochemical criteria in the genesis of red beds; Chemical Geology, v. 12, p. 67-75.
  • Garrels, R.M. and Christ, C.L., 1965, Solutions, Minerals and Equilibria; Harper & Row, New York, 459 pp.
  • Krynine, P.D., 1949, Origin of red beds; New York Acad. Sei. Trans. Series 2, v. 11, p. 60-68.
  • McBride, E.F., 1974, Significance of color in red, green, purple, olive, brown and gray beds of Difunta Group, Northeastern Mexico; Jour, of Sed. Petrology, v. 44, no. 3, p. 760-773.
  • Pittman, E.D., 1979, Recent advances in sandstone diagenesis; Ann. Rev. Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 7, p. 39-62.
  • Turner, P. and Ixer, R.A., 1977, Diagenetic development of unstable and stable magnetization in the St. Bees Sandstone (Triassic) of Northern England; Earth and Planetary Science Letter, v. 34, p. 113-124.
  • Van Houten, F.B., 1973, Origin of red beds a review: 1961-72; Ann. Rev. Earth and Planetary Sciences, c. 1, p. 39-61.
  • Walker, T.R., 1967, Formation of red beds in modem and ancient deserts; Geol. Society of America Bull, v. 78, p. 353-368.
  • Walker, T.R., 1974, Formation of red beds in moist tropical climates: A hypothesis;p Geol. Soc. of America Bull., c. 85, p. 633- 638.
  • Walker, T.R., 1976, Diagenetic origin of continental red beds; in R. Falke, (Editor), The Continental Permian in Central West and South Europe; NATO ASI Series C, Mathematica and Physical Sciences, c. 22, h, 240-282.
  • Walker, T.R., 1979, Red color in dune sand; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1052, p. 61-81.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hükmü Orhan This is me

Publication Date November 15, 1992
Submission Date July 1, 1992
Published in Issue Year 1992 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Orhan, H. (1992). Tortul İstiflerdeki Kırmızı Tabakaların Kökeni. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 16(2), 104-108.