Arthritogenic Arbovirus in Madagascar: State and Epidemic Risk

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives: We aimed to determine the epidemiological risk of the arthrogenic Arbovirus in Madagascar, where the epidemiological situation seems to be unclear. Methods: A systematic review of the literature based on the PRISMA method was performed for 15 months. We include each publication reporting the presence of arthrogenic Arbovirus in Madagascar. We found 107 publications witch 54 were included. Results: Seven arthrogenic arbovirus (Chikungunya, Dengue, Rift valley Fever, Bunyamwera, Sindbis, West Nile and Wesselbron) were found. Two types of vectors (mosquitos and tick) and two types of a host (mammalian and bird) complete the epidemiological chain of the virus. In addition, three arboviruses were identified within an epidemic situation: chikungunya, dengue, and Rift valley fever. Conclusion: The epidemic risk of this virus seems high. The discrepancies between the theoretical result and the "reality" need further studies. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 11(4):19-26.

Keywords

• Arthrogenic arbovirus
• Madagascar
• Viral arthritis

References

1. 1. Chippaux A. Généralités sur arbovirus et arboviroses. Med Mal Infect 2003; 33:377–84.
2. 2. Petersen LR, Powers AM. Chikungunya: epidemiology. F1000Research 2016; 5:1–8.
3. 3. Gubler DJ. Human Arbovirus Infections Worldwide. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 951:13–24.
4. 4. Weaver SC, Reisen WK. Present and Future Arboviral Threats. Antivir. Res 2010; 8: 1–36 .
5. 5. Gould E, Pettersson J, Higgs S, Charrel R, Lamballerie X. Emerging arboviruses: Why today? One Heal. 2017 ;4:1–13.
6. 6. Galán-Huerta KA, Rivas-Estilla AM, Fernández-Salas I, Farfan-Ale JA, Ramos-Jiménez J. Chikungunya virus: A general overview. Med Univ 2015; 17 :175–183.
7. 7. Coffey LL, Vasilakis N, Brault AC, et al. Arbovirus evolution in vivo is constrained by host alternation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2008; 105 :6970–6975.
8. 8. Rakotomizao JRA, Ubry PA. Madagascar : la situation sanitaire dans la grande ile au début du XXI. Méd Trop 2007; 67:19–29.

9. 9. Gan VCH, Leo Y-S. Current epidemiology and clinical practice in arboviral infections - implications on blood supply in South-East Asia. ISBT Sci Ser 2014; 9 :262–267.
10. 10. Andriamandimby SF, Heraud JM, Randrianasolo L, et al. A Cost-Effective Field Method for the Detection of Chikungunya Virus Circulation in Remote Areas. PloS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7 :1–6.
11. 11. Sow A, Loucoubar C, Diallo D, Faye O, et al. Concurrent malaria and arbovirus infections in Kedougou , southeastern Senegal. Malar J 2016; 15:1–7.
12. 12. Colin de Verdière N, Molina JM. Manifestations rhumatologiques des viroses exotiques. Rev du Rhum 2007; 74 :804–8.
13. 13. Jeandel P, Josse R, Fulpin J, Carmoi T, Durand JP. Manifestations rhumatologiques des alphaviroses: Alphaviral arthropathy. Rev du Rhum 2003; 70:145–151.
14. 14. Borgherini G, Poubeau P, Staikowsky F, et al. Outbreak of Chikungunya on Reunion Island : Early Clinical and Laboratory Features in 157 Adult Patients. Clin Infect Dis 2007 ; 44:1401-1407
15. 15. Randrianasolo L, Raoelina Y, Ratsitorahina M, Ravolomanana L, Andriamandimby S, Heraud JM, et al. Sentinel surveillance system for early outbreak detection in Madagascar. BMC Public Health 2010; 1 : 31
16. 16. Blanton RE, Silva LK, Morato VG, et al. Genetic ancestry and income are associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever in a highly admixed population. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 16:762–765.
17. 17. Althouse BM, Hanley KA. The tortoise or the hare? Impacts of within-host dynamics on transmission success of arthropod-borne viruses. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 2015; 370: 20140299
18. 18. Lonchampt C, Migliani R, Ratsitorahina M, et al. Persistance d'une circulation endémique du virus West Nile à Madagascar. Arch IPM 2003; 69:33-36.
19. 19. Fillipone C. Rapport d'activités de l’Institut Pasteur de Madagascar en 2015. Arch IPM. 2015; 1:280
20. 20. Carroll SA, Reynes J-M, Khristova ML, Andriamandimby SF, Rollin PE, Nichol ST. Genetic evidence for Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Madagascar resulting from virus introductions from the East African mainland rather than enzootic maintenance. J Virol 2011; 85: 6162–6167.
21. 21. Tsetsarkin KA, Vanlandingham DL, McGee CE, Higgs S. A single mutation in Chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:1895–1906.
22. 22. Chastel C. Infections inapparentes chez l'Homme: Un cheval de Troie pour l'introduction et la diffusion des arbovirus transmis par des moustiques dans les régions non endémiques? Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2011; 104:213–219.
23. 23. Fontenille D, Mathiot C, Rodhain F, Coulanges P. Les Cycles de Transmission du Virus West Nile à Madagascar, Océan Indien. Ann Soc belge Med Trop 1989; 69:233–43.
24. 24. Fillipone C. Rapport d'activités de l’Institut Pasteur de Madagascar en 2016. Arch IPM. 2016; 1:282
25. 25. Morvan J, Fontenille D, Saluzzo JF, Coulanges P. Possible Rift Valley fever outbreak in man and cattle in Madagascar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1991; 85:108.
26. 26. Nicolas G, Durand B, Rakotoarimanana TT, Lacote S, Chevalier V, Marianneau P. Short report: A 3-year serological and virological cattle follow-up in Madagascar highlands suggests a non-classical transmission route of rift valley fever virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014; 90:265–266.
27. 27. Olive MM, Grosbois V, Tran A, et al. Reconstruction of Rift Valley fever transmission dynamics in Madagascar: Estimation of force of infection from seroprevalence surveys using Bayesian modelling. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39870
28. 28. Zeller HG, Rakotoharinadrasana HT, Rakoto Andrianarivelo M. La fièvre de la vallée du Rift à Madagascar : risques d'infection pour le personnel d'abattoir à Antananarivo. REMVT 1998; 51:17–20
29. 29. S L, Balleydier E, Lernout T, Vilain P, et al. Le système de surveillance de la dengue et du chikungunya à la Réunion et à Mayotte. Bull Veill Sanit. 2010;1–28.
30. 30. Cordellier R, Germain M, Hervy J.P, Mouchet J. Guide pratique pour l'étude des vecteurs de fièvre jaune en Afrique Occidentale et méthodes de lutte. Paris : ORSTOM 1977; 33: 11