Lyme Disease

Abstract

Lyme disease (LD) is caused by the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. Humans are infected by a tick bite to the skin. This disease is a non-contagious infectious disease. It has been known since the 19th century. LD has a worldwide distribution. It is endemic in Europe, North and South America. There are case reports since 1990 in Turkey. The clinical presentation varies depending on the stage of the disease. Lyme disease is classified into three stages: early localized disease, early disseminated disease, and late disease. The main manifestation of the early stage of the disease is erythema migrans (EM). The disease affects many systems. In all of the clinical presentations, most patients with Lyme disease have resolution of their clinical symptoms when treated with appropriate antimicrobials but recurrence, chronic Lyme borreliosis or post-Lyme syndrome can also be seen. The diagnosis of LD is based on epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease. Doxycycline, amoxicillin azithromycin, cefuroxime axetil, erythromycin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and crystalline penicillin are used for treatment. LD can be prevented by reducing contact with ticks. There is no vaccine for the disease.

Keywords

• Lyme disease, tick, zoonosis

Lyme Disease

Öz

Lyme hastalığı (LH) Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex adı verilen spiroketler tarafından oluşturulur. İnsanlar kene ısırığı ile enfekte olur. Hastalık insanlar arasında bulaşıcı değildir. Ondokuzuncu yüzyıldan beri bilinen hastalık tüm Dünya’da yaygındır ve Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika ve Güney Amerika’da endemiktir. Türkiye’de 1990’dan beri olgu sunuları yapılmaktadır. Hastalığın kliniği evresine göre değişir. Hastalık üç evreye ayrılır: erken lokalize hastalık, erken yaygın hastalık ve geç hastalık. Erken evrenin ana bulgusu eritema migranstır. Hastalık pek çok sistemi tutabilir. Klinik tabloya bağlı olmaksızın hastaların çoğunun semptomları uygun antibiyotik tedavisi ile düzelir. Ancak rekürrens, kronik Lyme borreliyozu veya post-Lyme sendromu da görülebilir. Hastalığın tanısı; epidemiyolojik, klinik ve laboratuvar bulgular ile konur. Tedavi hastalığın evresine bağlıdır. Doksisiklin, amoksisilin, azitromisin, sefuroksim aksetil, eritromisin, seftriakson, sefotaksim ve kristalize penisilin tedavide kullanılabilir. Kene teması azaltılarak hastalıktan korunulabilir. Hastalığın aşısı yoktur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lyme hastalığı, kene, zoonozlar

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