Measles, One of the Re-emerging Diseases

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study is to stand out the measles which is a highly contagious re-emerging viral illness and may cause severe complications in susceptible population. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients who were diagnosed with measles in the department of Infectious Diseases, Erciyes University Hospital, between January 2013 and February 2014. The diagnosis of measles was confirmed by measles specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody positivity in serum samples. Results: Nine patients were included the study. Three patients had a co-morbid condition including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. Four of the patients had hepatitis and one of them had pneumonia as a complication. Conclusion: Susceptible population, especially immunocompromised people are still at risk about measles. Adherence to universal vaccination programs is determinative in terms of breaking out of an outbreak. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2016;6(1): 19-22

Keywords

• Measles,immune-suppression,adult,outbreak

References

1. 1. White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, et al. Measles, mumps, and rubella. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2012;55:550-559.
2. 2. Anderson R. MMR. Infectious diseases in humans. Dynamics and control. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.
3. 3. Atkinson W, Wolfe S, Hamborsky J. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 12th eds. Public Health Foundation; Washington DC:2011:173-192.
4. 4. Measles Report of Turkish Society of Public Health Specialists (HASUDER) 2013. http://hasuder.org.tr/anasayfa/jupgrade/ images/HASUDER_KIZAMIK_RAPORU.pdf
5. 5. Kalaycioglu AT, Baykal A, Guldemir D, et al. Molecular Characterization of Measles Viruses in Turkey (2010–2011): First Report of Genotype D9 Involved in an Outbreak in 2011. J Med Virol. 2013;85:2128–2135 .
6. 6. Caseris M, Houhou N, French PL, et al. 2010–2011 measles outbreak in adults: report from a Parisian teaching hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:O242-O244.
7. 7. Metin Ö, Tanır G, Öz FN, et al. Evaluation of 44 Pediatric Measles Cases Detected in Ankara, Turkey During 2012-2013 Epidemic and Molecular Characterization of the Viruses btained from Two Cases. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2014;48:259-270.
8. 8. Gershon AA. Measles virus. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, R D, eds. Principles and Pratice of Infectious Diseases, 7th eds. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2010:2229-2236.

9. 9. Hagmann SH, Christenson JC. Measles and the risk posed by international travelers at the time of elimination or postelimination. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2015;13:1-2.
10. 10. Muscat M, Shefer A, Mamou MB, et al. The state of measles and rubella in the WHO European Region, 2013. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20 (Suppl. 5):12-18.
11. 11. Yıldız O, Aygen B, Doğanay M. An epidemic of measles in adults. Turkish J Infection. 2002;16:221-224.
12. 12. Hungerford D, Cleary P, Ghebrehewet S, et al. Risk factors for transmission of measles during an outbreak: matched caseecontrol study. J Hosp Infect 2014;86 138e143.
13. 13. Mouallem M, Friedman E, Pauzner R, et al. Measles in young adults. Clinical manifestations and laboratory analysis in 40 patients. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:1111–1113.
14. 14. Kaplan LJ, Daum RS, Smaron M, et al. Severe measles in immunocompromised patients. JAMA. 1992;267:1237.
15. 15. Kawamura K, Yamazaki R, Akahoshi Y, et al. Evaluation of the immune status against measles, mumps, and rubella in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Hematology 2015;20:77-82.
16. 16. Ljungman P, Aschan J, Barkholt L, et al. Measles immunity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation; influence of donor type, graft type, intensity of conditioning, and graft-versus host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2004;34:589-593.
17. 17. Aytac S, Yalcin SS, Cetin M, et al. Measles, mumps, and rubella antibody status and response to immunization in children after therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010;27:333-343.
18. 18. Volc SM, Almeida MT, Abadi MD, et al. Measles and rubella antibody status in children after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82:481-484.
19. 19. Zengin E, Sarper N. Humoral immunity to diphtheria, tetanus, measles, and hemophilus influenzae type b in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and response to re-vaccination. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:967-972.
20. 20. Heffernan JM, Smith RJ, Wahl LM. Perspectives on the basic reproductive ratio. J R Soc Interface. 2005;2:281-93.
21. 21. Gay NJ. The theory of measles elimination: implications for the design of elimination strategies. J Infect Dis. 2004;189 Suppl 1:S27-35.
22. 22. Plans Rubio P. Is the basic reproductive number (R(0)) for measles viruses observed in recent outbreaks lower than in the pre-vaccination era? Euro Surveill 2012;17:22; author reply 3.
23. 23. World Health Organisation W. Immunization surveillance, assesment and monitoring Measles immunization covearge among 1- year olds, 1980-2012.2013; Available from: http:// apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A826.