Nasal Extranodal Natural Killer/T Cell Lymphoma in a 69-Year Old Female: A Case Report

Abstract

Mature natural killer /T-cell (NK/T-cell) lymphomas are a rarely occurring subgroup of Non Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL). A large majority of NK/T cell lymphomas are extranodal. Nasal type is the most common one. As clinical symptoms are usually nasal obstruction associated with mass lesion and epistaxis in extranodal NK/T cell lymphomas. Their diagnosis is usually delayed when the disease is advanced, it may have serious consequences. The aim of the present article was to present the clinical, radiological and histopathological findings of a 69-year old female patient who had refractory ulcerated wound on left side of nose and followed for soft tissue infection. It was diagnosed with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma after deep biopsy was obtained from the lesion and to discuss this rare disease in view of literature data. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2016;6(3): 140-144  

Keywords

• Soft tissue infection,Nasal cavity,Lymphoma

References

1. 1. Au W-y, Weisenburger DD, Intragumtornchai T, et al. Clinical differences between nasal and extranasal natural killer/Tcell lymphoma: a study of 136 cases from the International Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Project. Blood 2009; 113:3931- 3937.
2. 2. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al., eds. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (4th ed). Lyon: IARC; 2008.
3. 3. Campo E, Swerdlow SH, Harris NL, et al, editors. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008.
4. 4. Gualco G. Domeny-Duarte P, Chioatto L, et al. Clinicopathologic and molecular features of 122 Bresilien cases of nodal and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, with EBV subtyping analysis. Am J Surg Pathol 2011; 35:1195-1203.
5. 5. Sun J, Yang Q, Lu Z, et al. Distribution of lymphoid neoplasms in China: analysis of 4,638 cases according to the World Health Organization classification. Am J Clin Pathol 2012; 138:429-434.
6. 6. Liang R. Advances in the management and monitoring of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Br J Haematol 2009; 147:13-21.
7. 7. Sharma A, Dandekar M, Deshmukh S, Dabholkar J. Nasal extranodal natural killer T cell lymphoma: an atypical presentation. J Laryngol Otol 2011; 125:1181-1184.
8. 8. Chan JKC, Jaffe ES, Ralfkiaer E. Extranodal NK/T- cell Lymphoma, nasaltype. In: Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours, Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue. IARC Press: Lyon; 2001. p204- 207

9. 9. Liang R. Advances in the management and monitoring of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Br J Haematol 2009, 147:13-21.
10. 10. Vose J, Armitage J, Weisenburger D. International peripheral T-cell and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma study: pathology findings and clinical outcomes. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:4124- 4130.
11. 11. Lipford EH, Margolick JB, Longo DL, Fauci AS, Jaffe ES. Angio centric immuno profilerative lesions: a clinico pathologic spectrum of post-thymic T-cell proliferations. Blood 1988; 72:1674-1681.
12. 12. Quarishi MS, Bessell EM, Clark D, Jones NS, Bradley PJ. Non-Hodgkin’slymphoma of the sinonasal tract. Laryngoscope 2000; 110:1489-1492.
13. 13. Borges A, Fink J, Villablanca P, Eversole R, Lufkin R. Midline destructive lesions of the sinonasal tract: simplified terminology based on histopathologic criteria. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21:331-336.
14. 14. Yen TT, Wang RC, Jiang RS, Chen SC, Wu SH, Liang KL. The diagnosis of sinonasal lymphoma challenge for rhinologists. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 269:1463-1469.
15. 15. Sakamoto M, Miyairi Y, Ishizawa M. Optimal specimen site for diagnosis of nasal T/NK cell lymphoma and treatment including bone marrow transplantation. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2003; 65:275-278.