Effectiveness of Blood Pressure and Body Temperature Screening for Severity in COVID-19 Patients

Year 2021, , 147 - 151, 15.09.2021

Sushma Verma Mohammad Abbas Shrikant Verma Almas Khan Aliya Abbas Rızvı Farzana Mahdı

https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.993892

Abstract

Objectives: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019) cases should be classified as severe and mild cases in COVID-19 for additional care requirements to decrease the mortality rate of the covid-19 infected patients. The study aims to investigate whether blood pressure, temperature, and gender are linked with the severity of COVID-19.
Methods: This study incorporated n=495 COVID-19 patients, whereas 195 cases were excluded from the study due to insufficient data. In total, 300 cases were analyzed, of which 205 patients are from the mild category and 95 from the severe category.
Results: We observed that initial systolic blood pressure was significantly high, although diastolic blood pressure significantly decreases in severity cases compared to mild COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, we observed that in severe COVID-19 instances, initial body temperature was substantially higher than in moderate cases. We also observed that male cases are more prone to have severity as compared to female cases.
Conclusion: This research will aid in the early detection of the severity of COVID-19 cases and non-severity, which is critical in the current situation. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 11(3):147-151.

Keywords

COVID-19, Severity, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Gender

References

• 1. Li LQ, Huang T, Wang YQ, et al. COVID‐19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta‐analysis. J Med Virol.2020;92(6):577-583.
• 2. CDC. Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidancemanagement-patients.html (accessed on Aug 28 2020).
• 3. WHO. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 16-24 Feb., 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf (accessed March 26, 2020).
• 4. Liang W, Liang H, Ou L, et al. Development and validation of a clinical risk score to predict the occurrence of critical illness in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(8): 1081-1089.
• 5. De Terwangne C, Laouni J, Jouffe L, et al. Predictive accuracy of COVID-19 world health organization (WHO) severity classification and comparison with a bayesian-method-based severity score (Epi-score). Pathogens. 2020;9(11):880.
• 6. Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. Jama. 2020;323(16):1574-1581.
• 7. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
• 8. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):475-481.
• 9. Liu K, Fang YY, Deng Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020 133;(9):1025-1031.
• 10. Gao C, Cai Y, Zhang K, et al. Association of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment with COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective observational study. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(22):2058-2066.
• 11. Gostic K, Gomez AC, Mummah RO, et al. Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Elife. 2020;24(9):e55570.
• 12. Ogoina D. Fever, fever patterns and diseases called 'fever'--a review. J Infect Public Health. 2011;4(3):108-24.
• 13. Saladin KS, Miller L. Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, 6th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011: 1-27.
• 14. Plaza JJ, Hulak N, Zhumadilov Z, et al. Fever as an important resource for infectious diseases research. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2016;5(2):97-102.
• 15. Mitra B, Luckhoff C, Mitchell RD, et al. Temperature screening has negligible value for control of COVID‐19. Emerg Med Australas. 2020:32(5):867-869.
• 16. Liu JY, Chen TJ, Hwang SJ. Analysis of imported cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan: a nationwide study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3311.
• 17. Lechien JR, Chiesa‐Estomba CM, Place S, et al. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild‐to‐moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Intern Med. 2020;288(3):335-344.
• 18. Kanwal A, Agarwala A, Martin LW, et al. COVID-19 and Hypertension: What We Know and Don't Know. American College of Cardiology. 2020;6.
• 19. Zhang P, Zhu L, Cai J, et al. Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19. Circ Res. 2020;126(12):1671-1681.
• 20. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-513. 21. Kulkarni S, Jenner BL, Wilkinson I. COVID-19 and hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2020;21(2):1470320320927851.
• 22. Tharakan S, Nomoto K, Miyashita S, et al. Body temperature correlates with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):1-3.
• 23. Bielecki M, Crameri GA, Schlagenhauf P, et al. Body temperature screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infected young adult travellers is ineffective. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;37:101832.
• 24. Li X, Xu S, Yu M, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):110–118.
• 25. Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARSCoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 2020;75(7):1730-1741.
• 26. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;323(14):1406-1407.