Research Article
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Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation as Predictor of Malaria Severity

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 04, 201 - 208, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1036763

Abstract

Objectives: Objective: The role of some basic immune-inflammatory markers in malaria is yet to be investigated in our locality. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between some predictive immune-inflammatory markers and malaria among malaria-infected persons in Benin City, Nigeria.
Methods: EDTA blood specimens were collected from 400 malaria patients attending outpatient clinics and in the wards of major hospitals in Benin City. The blood samples were used for malaria parasite density determination and complete blood count analysis of some basic inflammatory markers such as Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte/Neutrophil Ratio (MNR), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) and Systemic Immune-inflammatory Index (SII) were calculated from the obtained parameter of the Full Blood Count and the data analyzed.
Results: Levels of parasitemia amongst malaria patients were not significantly affected by all the demographic characteristics profiled in this study. Eosinophils percentage count was significantly higher in individuals with high parasitemia (p=0.0121). Of all the Socio-demographic factors analyzed in this study, only living arrangements affected the MPV of malaria patients, showing that MPV was significantly higher in patients living in one room (p=0.0407). Immune inflammatory markers correlated significantly and positively with malaria MLR (r=0.322, p<0.0001), MNR (r=0.241, p<0.0001), NLR (r=0.122, p=0.015), SII (r=0.115, p=0.022) and PLR (r=0.109, p=0.030).
Conclusion: NLR, MNR, MLR, PLR, and SII are positively associated with malaria parasitemia. Therefore, these inflammatory immune markers can be used as a cost-effective way of assessing malaria severity as well as for malaria prognosis. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 11(4):201-208.

References

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  • 3. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC’s Malaria Program. 2020; U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
  • 4. Laishram DD, Sutton PL, Nanda N, et al. The complexities of malaria disease manifestations with a focus on asymptomatic malaria. Malar J 2012;11:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-29
  • 5. Deroost K, Pham TT, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. The immunological balance between host and parasite in malaria. FEMS microbiology reviews 2016; 40(2), 208-257.
  • 6. Horne BD, Anderson JL, John JM. Which white blood cell subtypes predict increased cardiovascular risk? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005; 45:1638–1643.
  • 7. Kassa D, Petros B, Mesele T, Hailu E, Wolday D. Characterization of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with acute Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria infections at Wonji Sugar Estate, Ethiopia. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006; 13:376–9.
  • 8. Berens-Riha N, Kroidl I, Schunk M, et al. evidence for signifcant infuence of host immunity on changes in differential blood count during malaria. Malar J. 2014;13:155. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-155
  • 9. Olliaro P, Djimde A, Dorsey G, et al. Hematologic parameters in pediatric uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011;85: 619–625.
  • 10. Warimwe GM, Morongo LM, Kikuyu G, et al. The Ratio of Monocytes to Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood Correlates with Increased Susceptibility to Clinical Malaria in Kenyan Children. PLoS ONE 2013;8(2): e57320. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057320
  • 11. Gunduz S, Mutlu H, Tural D, et al. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio as a new prognostic for patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Oncol. 2015; 11:288–292. doi: 10.1111/ajco. 12358.
  • 12. Liu J, Du J, Fan J, et al. The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Correlates with Age in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec. 2015; 77: 109–116.
  • 13. Oylumlu M, Yıldız A, Oylumlu M, et al. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of in-hospital mortality patients with acute coronary syndrome. Anatol. J. Cardiol. 2015; 15: 277–283.
  • 14. Ogefere H, Idemudia N, Omoregie R. Risk Factors for the Presence of Artemisinin Antibodies amongst Patients Undergoing Treatment for Malaria in Benin City, Nigeria. European J Med Health Scienc 2020; 2(3). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.3.279
  • 15. Kotepui M, Piwkham D, PhunPhuech B, Phiwklam N, Chupeerach C, Duangmano S. Effects of malaria parasite density on blood cell parameters. PloS one, 2015; 10(3), e0121057. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121057.t5ttt
  • 16. Zhang Y, Liu X, Xu M, Chen K, Li X, Guan G. Prognostic value of pretreatment systemic inflammatory markers in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 8017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64684-z
  • 17. Lima-Junior J, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, Pereira VA, et al. Cells and mediators of inflammation (C-reactive protein, nitric oxide, platelets and neutrophils) in the acute and convalescent phases of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 2012; 107(8): 1035-1041. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762012000800012.
  • 18. Lisse IM, Aaby P, Whittle H, Knudsen K. A community study of T lymphocyte subsets and malaria parasitaemia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994; 88:709–10.
  • 19. Saidu AY, Sadiya H, Dikwa MA, et al. Detection of Plasmodium Species among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Care. IOSR-JDMS 2015; 14(11): 61-66.
  • 20. Wolfswinkel ME, Vliegenthart-Jongbloed K, Melo MD, et al. Predictive value of lymphocytopenia and the neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio for severe imported malaria. Malar J. 2013;12:101.
  • 21. Hermansyah B, Fitri LE, Sardjono TW, et al. Clinical features of severe malaria: Protective effect of mixed plasmodia malaria. APJTB 2017; 7 (1): 4-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.001
  • 22. Tangteerawatana P, Krudsood S, Kanchanakhan N, Troye-Blomberg M, Khusmith S. Low monocyte to neutrophil ratio in peripheral blood associated with disease complication in primary Plasmodium falciparum infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2014; 45(3):517-30.
  • 23. Antwi-Baffour S, Kyeremeh R, Buabeng D, et al. Correlation of malaria parasitaemia with peripheral blood monocyte to lymphocyte ratio as indicator of susceptibility to severe malaria in Ghanaian children. Malar J 2018; 17: 419 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2569-x
  • 24. Alfaki DA, Eisa IM, Elbasheir MM, et al. Monocytes to lymphocytes ratio in peripheral blood and immunoglobulin IgE levels as indicators to Plasmodium falciparum infection in Sudan. J Bacteriol Mycol. 2019; 7(6):150‒153. DOI: 10.15406/jbmoa.2019.07.00261
  • 25. Guzelsoy Sagiroglu S, Sarica S, Bilal N, Orhan I, Erdonan A, Kilic M. The investigation of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in children with pathological cervical lymphadenopathy. ENT Updates 2017; 7(2):99–103.
  • 26. Zareifar S, Farahmand Far MR, Golfeshan F, Cohan N. Changes in platelet count and mean platelet volume during infectious and inflammatory disease and their correlation with ESR and CRP. J Clin Lab Anal. 2014; 28:245–248.
  • 27. Sula B, Tekin R. Use of haematological parameters in evaluation of treatment efficacy in cutaneous leishmaniasis. JMID 2015; 5:167–172.
  • 28. Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2014; 20:6212–6222.
Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 04, 201 - 208, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1036763

Abstract

References

  • 1. Gowda DC, Wu X. Parasite Recognition and Signaling Mechanisms in Innate Immune Responses to Malaria. Front. Immunol. 2018; 9:3006. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03006 2. WHO. World malaria report 2020. World Health Organisation, 2020; Geneva, Switzerland.
  • 3. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC’s Malaria Program. 2020; U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
  • 4. Laishram DD, Sutton PL, Nanda N, et al. The complexities of malaria disease manifestations with a focus on asymptomatic malaria. Malar J 2012;11:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-29
  • 5. Deroost K, Pham TT, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. The immunological balance between host and parasite in malaria. FEMS microbiology reviews 2016; 40(2), 208-257.
  • 6. Horne BD, Anderson JL, John JM. Which white blood cell subtypes predict increased cardiovascular risk? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005; 45:1638–1643.
  • 7. Kassa D, Petros B, Mesele T, Hailu E, Wolday D. Characterization of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with acute Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria infections at Wonji Sugar Estate, Ethiopia. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006; 13:376–9.
  • 8. Berens-Riha N, Kroidl I, Schunk M, et al. evidence for signifcant infuence of host immunity on changes in differential blood count during malaria. Malar J. 2014;13:155. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-155
  • 9. Olliaro P, Djimde A, Dorsey G, et al. Hematologic parameters in pediatric uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011;85: 619–625.
  • 10. Warimwe GM, Morongo LM, Kikuyu G, et al. The Ratio of Monocytes to Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood Correlates with Increased Susceptibility to Clinical Malaria in Kenyan Children. PLoS ONE 2013;8(2): e57320. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057320
  • 11. Gunduz S, Mutlu H, Tural D, et al. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio as a new prognostic for patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Oncol. 2015; 11:288–292. doi: 10.1111/ajco. 12358.
  • 12. Liu J, Du J, Fan J, et al. The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Correlates with Age in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec. 2015; 77: 109–116.
  • 13. Oylumlu M, Yıldız A, Oylumlu M, et al. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of in-hospital mortality patients with acute coronary syndrome. Anatol. J. Cardiol. 2015; 15: 277–283.
  • 14. Ogefere H, Idemudia N, Omoregie R. Risk Factors for the Presence of Artemisinin Antibodies amongst Patients Undergoing Treatment for Malaria in Benin City, Nigeria. European J Med Health Scienc 2020; 2(3). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.3.279
  • 15. Kotepui M, Piwkham D, PhunPhuech B, Phiwklam N, Chupeerach C, Duangmano S. Effects of malaria parasite density on blood cell parameters. PloS one, 2015; 10(3), e0121057. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121057.t5ttt
  • 16. Zhang Y, Liu X, Xu M, Chen K, Li X, Guan G. Prognostic value of pretreatment systemic inflammatory markers in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 8017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64684-z
  • 17. Lima-Junior J, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, Pereira VA, et al. Cells and mediators of inflammation (C-reactive protein, nitric oxide, platelets and neutrophils) in the acute and convalescent phases of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 2012; 107(8): 1035-1041. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762012000800012.
  • 18. Lisse IM, Aaby P, Whittle H, Knudsen K. A community study of T lymphocyte subsets and malaria parasitaemia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994; 88:709–10.
  • 19. Saidu AY, Sadiya H, Dikwa MA, et al. Detection of Plasmodium Species among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Care. IOSR-JDMS 2015; 14(11): 61-66.
  • 20. Wolfswinkel ME, Vliegenthart-Jongbloed K, Melo MD, et al. Predictive value of lymphocytopenia and the neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio for severe imported malaria. Malar J. 2013;12:101.
  • 21. Hermansyah B, Fitri LE, Sardjono TW, et al. Clinical features of severe malaria: Protective effect of mixed plasmodia malaria. APJTB 2017; 7 (1): 4-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.001
  • 22. Tangteerawatana P, Krudsood S, Kanchanakhan N, Troye-Blomberg M, Khusmith S. Low monocyte to neutrophil ratio in peripheral blood associated with disease complication in primary Plasmodium falciparum infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2014; 45(3):517-30.
  • 23. Antwi-Baffour S, Kyeremeh R, Buabeng D, et al. Correlation of malaria parasitaemia with peripheral blood monocyte to lymphocyte ratio as indicator of susceptibility to severe malaria in Ghanaian children. Malar J 2018; 17: 419 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2569-x
  • 24. Alfaki DA, Eisa IM, Elbasheir MM, et al. Monocytes to lymphocytes ratio in peripheral blood and immunoglobulin IgE levels as indicators to Plasmodium falciparum infection in Sudan. J Bacteriol Mycol. 2019; 7(6):150‒153. DOI: 10.15406/jbmoa.2019.07.00261
  • 25. Guzelsoy Sagiroglu S, Sarica S, Bilal N, Orhan I, Erdonan A, Kilic M. The investigation of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in children with pathological cervical lymphadenopathy. ENT Updates 2017; 7(2):99–103.
  • 26. Zareifar S, Farahmand Far MR, Golfeshan F, Cohan N. Changes in platelet count and mean platelet volume during infectious and inflammatory disease and their correlation with ESR and CRP. J Clin Lab Anal. 2014; 28:245–248.
  • 27. Sula B, Tekin R. Use of haematological parameters in evaluation of treatment efficacy in cutaneous leishmaniasis. JMID 2015; 5:167–172.
  • 28. Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2014; 20:6212–6222.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nosakhare Lawrence Idemudıa This is me

Helen Oroboghae Ogefere This is me

Richard Omoregie This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 04

Cite

APA Idemudıa, N. L., Ogefere, H. O., & Omoregie, R. (2021). Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation as Predictor of Malaria Severity. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 11(04), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1036763
AMA Idemudıa NL, Ogefere HO, Omoregie R. Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation as Predictor of Malaria Severity. J Microbil Infect Dis. December 2021;11(04):201-208. doi:10.5799/jmid.1036763
Chicago Idemudıa, Nosakhare Lawrence, Helen Oroboghae Ogefere, and Richard Omoregie. “Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation As Predictor of Malaria Severity”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 11, no. 04 (December 2021): 201-8. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1036763.
EndNote Idemudıa NL, Ogefere HO, Omoregie R (December 1, 2021) Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation as Predictor of Malaria Severity. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 11 04 201–208.
IEEE N. L. Idemudıa, H. O. Ogefere, and R. Omoregie, “Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation as Predictor of Malaria Severity”, J Microbil Infect Dis, vol. 11, no. 04, pp. 201–208, 2021, doi: 10.5799/jmid.1036763.
ISNAD Idemudıa, Nosakhare Lawrence et al. “Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation As Predictor of Malaria Severity”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 11/04 (December 2021), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1036763.
JAMA Idemudıa NL, Ogefere HO, Omoregie R. Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation as Predictor of Malaria Severity. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2021;11:201–208.
MLA Idemudıa, Nosakhare Lawrence et al. “Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation As Predictor of Malaria Severity”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 11, no. 04, 2021, pp. 201-8, doi:10.5799/jmid.1036763.
Vancouver Idemudıa NL, Ogefere HO, Omoregie R. Use of Some Surrogate Markers of Inflammation as Predictor of Malaria Severity. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2021;11(04):201-8.