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In-vitro susceptibility of linezolid against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 04, 203 - 206, 01.12.2013
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0109

Abstract

Objective: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major nosocomial pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of linezolid against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Methods: This was a descriptive study carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi from January to July 2010. The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration of linezolid was determined against 74 strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus by using the Epsilon- test (E-test) method (AB Biodisk, Sweden). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was isolated from routine clinical specimens using standard microbiological procedures. Cefoxitin (30 μg) disk was used for detection of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Seventy-four isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were obtained from various clinical samples. The majority of samples were from the pus followed by nasobronchial lavage, urine and vaginal swabs. All the isolates were highly susceptible to linezolid with minimum inhibitory concentration range of 0.023 - 0.75 mg/dL having MIC50 0.25 and MIC90 0.5 mg/dL respectively. Conclusion: Linezolid shows good in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

References

  • Betriu C, Redondo M, Boloix A, et al. Comparative activity of linezolid and other new agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and teicoplanin-intermediate coag- ulase-negative staphylococci. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2001; 48:911-913.
  • Li F, Miller FD. Epidemiology, surveillance and control of meth- icillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview. Asia Pacif J Trop Med 2008; 1:50-55.
  • Kaleem F, Usman J, Khalid A, et al. Comparison of in vitro efficacy of linezolid and vancomycin by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations against methicillin re- sistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Pak Med Assoc 2011;61:356..
  • Hiramatsu K, Hanaki H, Ino T, et al. Methicillin resistant Staph- ylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997;40:135-136.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Staphylococ- cus aureus resistant to vancomycin - United States, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002;51:565-567.
  • Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Vancomycin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Pennsylvania, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002;51:902.
  • Noskin GA, Siddiqui F, Stosor V, Hacek D, Peterson LR. In vi- tro activities of linezolid against important gram-positive bac- terial pathogens including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1999;43:2059- 2062.
  • von Eiff C, Peters G. Comparative in-vitro activities of moxi- floxacin, trovafloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and linezolid against staphylococci. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemothera- py 1999;43:569-573.
  • Diekema DJ, Jones RN. Oxazolidinone antibiotics. Lancet 2001;358:1975-1982.
  • CLSI (2012). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI): Performance Standard for Antimicrobial Susceptibil- ity Testing. 19th Informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S22.
  • Hartman BJ, Tomasz A. Expression of Methicillin resistance in heterogeneous strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimi- crob Agents Chemother 1972; 1:283-288.
  • Hannan A, Absar M, Usman M, Tahir N, Sidrah S, Arshad M. In vitro activity of linezolid against clinical isolates of methi- cillin resistant staphylococcus. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2009; 21(1).
  • Manfredi R. Update on the appropriate use of linezolid in clinical practice. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2006:2(4):455-464.
  • Brighty KE, Kohlbrenner W, McGuirk PR: Recent develop- ments in antibacterial resistance mechanisms. Annu Rep Med Chem 1993;28:141-150.
  • Chien JW, Kucia ML, Salata RA. Use of linezolid, an oxa- zolidinone, in the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-posi- tive bacterial infections. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:146-151.
  • Beavers N: Doomsday bugs? Fighting antibiotic resistance. Drug Top 1998;4:47-54.
  • Palazzo ICV, Araujo MLC, Darini ALC. First report of vanco- mycin-resistant staphylococci isolated from healthy carriers in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:179-185.
  • Bataineh HA. Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to van- comycin in Zarqa, Jordan. Pak J Med Sci 2006;22:144-148.
  • Tiwari HK, Sen MR. Emergence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) from a tertiary care hospital from northern part of India. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6:156.
  • Shajari G, Khorshidi A, Moosavi G. Vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains. Arch Razi Ins 2002; 54:107- 110.
  • Mulazimoglu L, Drenning SD, Yu VL. In vitro activities of two novel oxazolidinones (U 100592 and U 100766), a new fluoroquinolone (trovafloxacin) and dalfopristin-quinupristin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epider- midis. Antimicrobl Agent Chemother 1996; 41:2428-2430.
  • Afşar I, Kurultay N, Şener AG, Yurtsever SG. In vitro sus- ceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphyloccoccus aureus to linezolid by E-test method. ANKEM Derg 2009;23:51-53.
  • Mouton JW, Jansz AR. The DUEL study: a multi-center in vitro evaluation of linezolid compared with other antibiotics in the Netherlands. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001;7:486-491.
  • Cuevas O, Cercenado E, Goyanes MJ, et al: Staphylococcus spp. in Spain: present situation and evolution of antimicrobial resistance (1986-2006). Enferm Infect Microbiol Clin 2008; 26:269-277.

In-vitro susceptibility of linezolid against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 04, 203 - 206, 01.12.2013
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0109

Abstract

Amaç: Metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus belirgin morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olan önemli bir nozokomiyal patojendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, metisilin dirençli S. aureus’a karşı linezolidin in vitro etkinliğini değerlendirmektir.Yöntemler: Army Medical College Rawalpindi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalında, Temmuz-Ocak 2010’da yürütülen tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Linezolid için in vitro minimum inhibe edici konsantrasyon, metisiline dirençli 74 S. aureus türü için Epsilon- test (E-test) metodu (AB Biodisk, İsveç) kullanılarak belirlendi. Metisiline dirençli S. aureus standart mikrobiyolojik yöntemler kullanılarak rutin klinik örneklerden izole edilmiştir. Metisilin dirençli S. aureus suşlarının saptanması için sefoksitin (30 µg) disk kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Metisilin dirençli 74 S. aureus izolatı çeşitli klinik örneklerden elde edilmiştir. Numunelerin çoğunluğu nasobronchial lavaj, idrar ve vajinal sürüntülerden alınan püydü. Tüm izolatların 0.023-0.75 mg/dL minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon aralığında sırasıyla MIC50 0.25 ve MIC90 0.5 mg/dL ile linezoilde son derece duyarlı idi.Sonuç: Linezolid metisiline dirençli S. aureus karşı i in vitro iyi aktivite gösterir

References

  • Betriu C, Redondo M, Boloix A, et al. Comparative activity of linezolid and other new agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and teicoplanin-intermediate coag- ulase-negative staphylococci. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2001; 48:911-913.
  • Li F, Miller FD. Epidemiology, surveillance and control of meth- icillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview. Asia Pacif J Trop Med 2008; 1:50-55.
  • Kaleem F, Usman J, Khalid A, et al. Comparison of in vitro efficacy of linezolid and vancomycin by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations against methicillin re- sistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Pak Med Assoc 2011;61:356..
  • Hiramatsu K, Hanaki H, Ino T, et al. Methicillin resistant Staph- ylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997;40:135-136.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Staphylococ- cus aureus resistant to vancomycin - United States, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002;51:565-567.
  • Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Vancomycin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Pennsylvania, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002;51:902.
  • Noskin GA, Siddiqui F, Stosor V, Hacek D, Peterson LR. In vi- tro activities of linezolid against important gram-positive bac- terial pathogens including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1999;43:2059- 2062.
  • von Eiff C, Peters G. Comparative in-vitro activities of moxi- floxacin, trovafloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and linezolid against staphylococci. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemothera- py 1999;43:569-573.
  • Diekema DJ, Jones RN. Oxazolidinone antibiotics. Lancet 2001;358:1975-1982.
  • CLSI (2012). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI): Performance Standard for Antimicrobial Susceptibil- ity Testing. 19th Informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S22.
  • Hartman BJ, Tomasz A. Expression of Methicillin resistance in heterogeneous strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimi- crob Agents Chemother 1972; 1:283-288.
  • Hannan A, Absar M, Usman M, Tahir N, Sidrah S, Arshad M. In vitro activity of linezolid against clinical isolates of methi- cillin resistant staphylococcus. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2009; 21(1).
  • Manfredi R. Update on the appropriate use of linezolid in clinical practice. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2006:2(4):455-464.
  • Brighty KE, Kohlbrenner W, McGuirk PR: Recent develop- ments in antibacterial resistance mechanisms. Annu Rep Med Chem 1993;28:141-150.
  • Chien JW, Kucia ML, Salata RA. Use of linezolid, an oxa- zolidinone, in the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-posi- tive bacterial infections. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:146-151.
  • Beavers N: Doomsday bugs? Fighting antibiotic resistance. Drug Top 1998;4:47-54.
  • Palazzo ICV, Araujo MLC, Darini ALC. First report of vanco- mycin-resistant staphylococci isolated from healthy carriers in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:179-185.
  • Bataineh HA. Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to van- comycin in Zarqa, Jordan. Pak J Med Sci 2006;22:144-148.
  • Tiwari HK, Sen MR. Emergence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) from a tertiary care hospital from northern part of India. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6:156.
  • Shajari G, Khorshidi A, Moosavi G. Vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains. Arch Razi Ins 2002; 54:107- 110.
  • Mulazimoglu L, Drenning SD, Yu VL. In vitro activities of two novel oxazolidinones (U 100592 and U 100766), a new fluoroquinolone (trovafloxacin) and dalfopristin-quinupristin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epider- midis. Antimicrobl Agent Chemother 1996; 41:2428-2430.
  • Afşar I, Kurultay N, Şener AG, Yurtsever SG. In vitro sus- ceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphyloccoccus aureus to linezolid by E-test method. ANKEM Derg 2009;23:51-53.
  • Mouton JW, Jansz AR. The DUEL study: a multi-center in vitro evaluation of linezolid compared with other antibiotics in the Netherlands. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001;7:486-491.
  • Cuevas O, Cercenado E, Goyanes MJ, et al: Staphylococcus spp. in Spain: present situation and evolution of antimicrobial resistance (1986-2006). Enferm Infect Microbiol Clin 2008; 26:269-277.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Brief Report
Authors

Ali Khalid This is me

Javaid Usman This is me

Umaira Faiz This is me

Fatima Kaleem This is me

Afreenish Amir This is me

Maria Omair This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 3 Issue: 04

Cite

APA Khalid, A., Usman, J., Faiz, U., Kaleem, F., et al. (2013). In-vitro susceptibility of linezolid against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3(04), 203-206. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0109
AMA Khalid A, Usman J, Faiz U, Kaleem F, Amir A, Omair M. In-vitro susceptibility of linezolid against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Microbil Infect Dis. December 2013;3(04):203-206. doi:10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0109
Chicago Khalid, Ali, Javaid Usman, Umaira Faiz, Fatima Kaleem, Afreenish Amir, and Maria Omair. “In-Vitro Susceptibility of Linezolid Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3, no. 04 (December 2013): 203-6. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0109.
EndNote Khalid A, Usman J, Faiz U, Kaleem F, Amir A, Omair M (December 1, 2013) In-vitro susceptibility of linezolid against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3 04 203–206.
IEEE A. Khalid, J. Usman, U. Faiz, F. Kaleem, A. Amir, and M. Omair, “In-vitro susceptibility of linezolid against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan”, J Microbil Infect Dis, vol. 3, no. 04, pp. 203–206, 2013, doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0109.
ISNAD Khalid, Ali et al. “In-Vitro Susceptibility of Linezolid Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3/04 (December 2013), 203-206. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0109.
JAMA Khalid A, Usman J, Faiz U, Kaleem F, Amir A, Omair M. In-vitro susceptibility of linezolid against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2013;3:203–206.
MLA Khalid, Ali et al. “In-Vitro Susceptibility of Linezolid Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 3, no. 04, 2013, pp. 203-6, doi:10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.04.0109.
Vancouver Khalid A, Usman J, Faiz U, Kaleem F, Amir A, Omair M. In-vitro susceptibility of linezolid against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2013;3(04):203-6.