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Seroprevalence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in southern Nigeria

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 03, 123 - 127, 01.09.2013
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.03.0094

Abstract

Objective: Vertically transmitted cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of preventable congenital infection, including deafness and intellectual impairment worldwide. Till date, there is no consensus on routine antenatal screening worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of previous and primary CMV infection among antenatal women at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) and the effect of age, socioeconomic class, parity and gestational age on prevalence. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from each of 200 consecutive pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the university. Samples were analyzed for CMV specific IgG and IgM using ELISA test kits. A semi-structured researcher administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information which included; age, socioeconomic class, parity and gestational age. Results: Seroprevalence of CMV- specific IgG and IgM were 92% and 4% respectively, while 4% were seronegative. There was no significant association between seroprevalence and any of the risk factors (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is need for voluntary screening of pregnant women as part of antenatal care to detect primary and seronegative susceptible women.

References

  • Richard LH. Human Cytomegalovirus. In: Murray PR, ed. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th edn. Washington DC: ASM Press, 2007:1549-1559.
  • Galia R, Rinat G, Asher O, et al. Primary versus nonprimary cy- tomegalovirus infection during pregnancy. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13:1791-1793.
  • Saraswathy TS, Az-Ulhusna A, Asshikin RN, et al. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women and associated role in obstetric complications: a preliminary study. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2011;42:320-322.
  • Hollier LM, Grissom H. Human herpesviruses in pregnancy; cyto- megalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and varicella-zoster virus. Clin Perinatol 2005;32:671-696.
  • Kenneson A, Cannon MJ. Review and meta-analysis of the epide- miology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Rev Med Virol 2007;17:253-276.
  • Gratacap-Cavallier B, Bosson JL, Morand P, et al. Cytomegalovi- rus seroprevalence in French pregnant women. Parity and place of birth as major predictive factors. Eur J Epidemiol 1998;14:147- 152.
  • Taechowisan T, Sutthent R, Louisirirotchamakul S. Immune sta- tus in congenital infection by TORCH agents in pregnant Thais. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1997;15:93-97.
  • Olusanya O, Okpere EE, Ezimokhai M. The importance of social class in voluntary fertility control in a developing country. West Afr J Med 1985;4:4.
  • Akinbami AA, Rabiu KA, Adewunmi AA, et al. Seroprevalence of CMV antibodies among normal pregnant women in Nigeria. Int J Women Health 2011;3:423-428.
  • Ahmad RM, Kawo AH, Udeani TKC, et al. Seroprevalence of CMV antibodies in pregnant women attending two selected hospitals in Sokoto State, North Eastern Nigeria. Bajopas 2011;4:63-66.
  • Turbadkar M, Mathur M, Rele M. Seroprevalence of TORCH in- fection in bad obstetric history. Ind J Med Microbiol 2003;21:108- 110.
  • Dollard SC, Staras SA, Amin MM, et al. National prevalence es- timate for cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG avidity and association between high IgM antibody titre and Low IgG avidity. Clin Vac- cine Immunol 2011;18:1895-1899.
  • Nshimura N, Kimura H, Yabuta Y, et al. Prevalence of maternal cytomegalovirus antibody and detection of CMV DNA in amniotic fluid. Medical Immunol 1999;43:781-784.
  • Hamdan ZH, Ismail EA, Nasser MN, Ishaq A. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus and rubella among pregnant women in Western Sudan. Virol J 2011;8:217.
  • Adler SP, Finney JW, Manganello AM, Best AM. Prevention of child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus by changing behaviors: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996;15:240-246.
  • Satilmis A, Gura A, Ongun H, et al. CMV seroconversion in preg- nancy and the incidence of congenital CMV infection. Turk J Pe- diatr 2007; 49:30-36.
  • Rubina L, Bashir AF, Manzoor T. Seroprevalence of cytomega- lovirus in Kashmir valley- a preliminary study. JK-Practitioner 2004;11:261-262.
  • Tabatabaee M, Tayyebi D. Seroepidemiologic study of human cytomegalovirus in pregnant women in Valiasr hospital of Kaze- roon, Fars. Iran J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009;22:517-521.
  • Stagno S, Whitley RJ. Herpesvirus infection of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1270-1274.
  • Griffiths PD, Mclean A, Emery VC. Encouraging prospects for immunization against primary cytomegalovirus infection. Vaccine 2001;19:1356-1362.
  • Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF. Maternal immunity and prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. JAMA 2003;289:1008- 1011.
  • Cahill AG, Odibo AO, Stamilio DM, Macones GA. Screening and testing for primary cytomegalovirus in pregnancy: where do we stand? A decision-analytic and economic analysis. Am J Obst Gynecol 2009;201:466e1-7.
  • Boppana SB, Fowler KB, Britt WJ. Symptomatic congenital cyto- megalovirus infection in infants born to mothers with pre-existing immunity to cytomegalovirus. Paediatrics 1999; 104:55-60.
  • Stagno S. Cytomegalovirus. In: JB Remington and JO Klein,eds. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, Philadel- phia USA: WB Saunders, 2001:389-424.
  • Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF. The outcome of congenital cyto- megalovirus infection in relation to maternal antibody status. N Engl J Med 1992;326:663-667.
  • Revello MG, Gerna G. Diagnosis and management of human cytomegalovirus infection in the mother, fetus and newborn. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:680-715.
  • Colugnati FA, Staras SA, Dollard SC, Cannon MJ. Incidence of cytomegalovirus infection among the general population and pregnant women in the United State. BMC Infect Dis 2007;7:71.
  • Sheevani, Jindal N, Aggarwal A. A pilot of seroepidemiological study of cytomegalovirus infection in women of child bearing age. Indian J Med Microbiol 2005;23:34-36.
  • Wong A, Tan KH, Tee CS. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasmosis and parvovirus in pregnancy. Singapore Med J 2000;14:151-155.
  • Bodéus M, Feyder S, Goubau P. Avidity of IgG antibodies distin- guishes primary from non primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women. Clin Diagn Virol 1998;9:9-16.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in southern Nigeria

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 03, 123 - 127, 01.09.2013
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.03.0094

Abstract

Amaç: Sağırlık ve zekâ geriliğine de yol açan vertikal cytomegalovirus (CMV) enfeksiyonu dünya’da önlenebilir konjenital enfeksiyonlarının en sık sebebidir. Halen dünya’da rutin antenatal tarama konusunda bir fikir birliği yoktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı Benin Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde hamile kadınlar arasında doğum öncesi dönemde geçirilen primer CMV enfeksiyon prevalansını ve yaş, sosyoekonomik sınıf, doğum sayısı ve doğum yaşının prevalans üzerine olan etkisinin araştırmaktır.Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı kesitsel çalışmada üniversite hastanesinin doğum öncesi kliniğinde takip edilen ardışık 200 hamile kadının her birinden kan örneği alındı. Örnekler özgül CMV IgG ve IgM varlığı açısından ELISA test kitleriyle analiz edildi. Araştırmada ayrıca hamile kadınlara yaş, sosyoekonomik sınıf, doğum sayısı ve doğum yaşı hakkında bilgi elde edilmesi amacıyla yarı-yapılandırılmış bir anket uygulandı. Bulgular: Özgül CMV IgG ve IgM seroprevalansı sırasıyla % 92 ve % 4 olarak bulundu. Kadınların %4’ü seronegatif idi. Seroprevalans ve CMV enfeksiyonu riskleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir bağlantı bulunamadı (p >0,05).Sonuç: Antenatal dönemde primer CMV enfeksiyonu ve seronegatif olup enfeksiyona duyarlı hamilelerin taranması bu bölgede isteğe bağlıdır

References

  • Richard LH. Human Cytomegalovirus. In: Murray PR, ed. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th edn. Washington DC: ASM Press, 2007:1549-1559.
  • Galia R, Rinat G, Asher O, et al. Primary versus nonprimary cy- tomegalovirus infection during pregnancy. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13:1791-1793.
  • Saraswathy TS, Az-Ulhusna A, Asshikin RN, et al. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women and associated role in obstetric complications: a preliminary study. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2011;42:320-322.
  • Hollier LM, Grissom H. Human herpesviruses in pregnancy; cyto- megalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and varicella-zoster virus. Clin Perinatol 2005;32:671-696.
  • Kenneson A, Cannon MJ. Review and meta-analysis of the epide- miology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Rev Med Virol 2007;17:253-276.
  • Gratacap-Cavallier B, Bosson JL, Morand P, et al. Cytomegalovi- rus seroprevalence in French pregnant women. Parity and place of birth as major predictive factors. Eur J Epidemiol 1998;14:147- 152.
  • Taechowisan T, Sutthent R, Louisirirotchamakul S. Immune sta- tus in congenital infection by TORCH agents in pregnant Thais. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1997;15:93-97.
  • Olusanya O, Okpere EE, Ezimokhai M. The importance of social class in voluntary fertility control in a developing country. West Afr J Med 1985;4:4.
  • Akinbami AA, Rabiu KA, Adewunmi AA, et al. Seroprevalence of CMV antibodies among normal pregnant women in Nigeria. Int J Women Health 2011;3:423-428.
  • Ahmad RM, Kawo AH, Udeani TKC, et al. Seroprevalence of CMV antibodies in pregnant women attending two selected hospitals in Sokoto State, North Eastern Nigeria. Bajopas 2011;4:63-66.
  • Turbadkar M, Mathur M, Rele M. Seroprevalence of TORCH in- fection in bad obstetric history. Ind J Med Microbiol 2003;21:108- 110.
  • Dollard SC, Staras SA, Amin MM, et al. National prevalence es- timate for cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG avidity and association between high IgM antibody titre and Low IgG avidity. Clin Vac- cine Immunol 2011;18:1895-1899.
  • Nshimura N, Kimura H, Yabuta Y, et al. Prevalence of maternal cytomegalovirus antibody and detection of CMV DNA in amniotic fluid. Medical Immunol 1999;43:781-784.
  • Hamdan ZH, Ismail EA, Nasser MN, Ishaq A. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus and rubella among pregnant women in Western Sudan. Virol J 2011;8:217.
  • Adler SP, Finney JW, Manganello AM, Best AM. Prevention of child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus by changing behaviors: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996;15:240-246.
  • Satilmis A, Gura A, Ongun H, et al. CMV seroconversion in preg- nancy and the incidence of congenital CMV infection. Turk J Pe- diatr 2007; 49:30-36.
  • Rubina L, Bashir AF, Manzoor T. Seroprevalence of cytomega- lovirus in Kashmir valley- a preliminary study. JK-Practitioner 2004;11:261-262.
  • Tabatabaee M, Tayyebi D. Seroepidemiologic study of human cytomegalovirus in pregnant women in Valiasr hospital of Kaze- roon, Fars. Iran J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009;22:517-521.
  • Stagno S, Whitley RJ. Herpesvirus infection of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1270-1274.
  • Griffiths PD, Mclean A, Emery VC. Encouraging prospects for immunization against primary cytomegalovirus infection. Vaccine 2001;19:1356-1362.
  • Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF. Maternal immunity and prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. JAMA 2003;289:1008- 1011.
  • Cahill AG, Odibo AO, Stamilio DM, Macones GA. Screening and testing for primary cytomegalovirus in pregnancy: where do we stand? A decision-analytic and economic analysis. Am J Obst Gynecol 2009;201:466e1-7.
  • Boppana SB, Fowler KB, Britt WJ. Symptomatic congenital cyto- megalovirus infection in infants born to mothers with pre-existing immunity to cytomegalovirus. Paediatrics 1999; 104:55-60.
  • Stagno S. Cytomegalovirus. In: JB Remington and JO Klein,eds. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, Philadel- phia USA: WB Saunders, 2001:389-424.
  • Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF. The outcome of congenital cyto- megalovirus infection in relation to maternal antibody status. N Engl J Med 1992;326:663-667.
  • Revello MG, Gerna G. Diagnosis and management of human cytomegalovirus infection in the mother, fetus and newborn. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:680-715.
  • Colugnati FA, Staras SA, Dollard SC, Cannon MJ. Incidence of cytomegalovirus infection among the general population and pregnant women in the United State. BMC Infect Dis 2007;7:71.
  • Sheevani, Jindal N, Aggarwal A. A pilot of seroepidemiological study of cytomegalovirus infection in women of child bearing age. Indian J Med Microbiol 2005;23:34-36.
  • Wong A, Tan KH, Tee CS. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasmosis and parvovirus in pregnancy. Singapore Med J 2000;14:151-155.
  • Bodéus M, Feyder S, Goubau P. Avidity of IgG antibodies distin- guishes primary from non primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women. Clin Diagn Virol 1998;9:9-16.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section ART
Authors

Ephraim Ogbaini-emovon This is me

Oyinlola O Oduyebo This is me

Patrick Vincent Lofor This is me

Joseph U. Onakewhor This is me

Charles John Elikwu This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 3 Issue: 03

Cite

APA Ogbaini-emovon, E., Oduyebo, O. O., Lofor, P. V., Onakewhor, J. U., et al. (2013). Seroprevalence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in southern Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3(03), 123-127. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.03.0094
AMA Ogbaini-emovon E, Oduyebo OO, Lofor PV, Onakewhor JU, Elikwu CJ. Seroprevalence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in southern Nigeria. J Microbil Infect Dis. September 2013;3(03):123-127. doi:10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.03.0094
Chicago Ogbaini-emovon, Ephraim, Oyinlola O Oduyebo, Patrick Vincent Lofor, Joseph U. Onakewhor, and Charles John Elikwu. “Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Southern Nigeria”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3, no. 03 (September 2013): 123-27. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.03.0094.
EndNote Ogbaini-emovon E, Oduyebo OO, Lofor PV, Onakewhor JU, Elikwu CJ (September 1, 2013) Seroprevalence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in southern Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3 03 123–127.
IEEE E. Ogbaini-emovon, O. O. Oduyebo, P. V. Lofor, J. U. Onakewhor, and C. J. Elikwu, “Seroprevalence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in southern Nigeria”, J Microbil Infect Dis, vol. 3, no. 03, pp. 123–127, 2013, doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.03.0094.
ISNAD Ogbaini-emovon, Ephraim et al. “Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Southern Nigeria”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3/03 (September 2013), 123-127. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.03.0094.
JAMA Ogbaini-emovon E, Oduyebo OO, Lofor PV, Onakewhor JU, Elikwu CJ. Seroprevalence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in southern Nigeria. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2013;3:123–127.
MLA Ogbaini-emovon, Ephraim et al. “Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Southern Nigeria”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 3, no. 03, 2013, pp. 123-7, doi:10.5799/ahinjs.02.2013.03.0094.
Vancouver Ogbaini-emovon E, Oduyebo OO, Lofor PV, Onakewhor JU, Elikwu CJ. Seroprevalence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in southern Nigeria. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2013;3(03):123-7.