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Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia

Year 2016, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 6 - 18, 16.01.2016

Abstract

Past literature suggests that leadership style impacts employee attitudes and job performance in organizations. Given the broad scope of military operations, there are many situations in military where military managers supervise civilian employees.  Our empirical study explores the effects of Army sergeant supervision of civilian employees at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.  Eight themes in Army sergeants’ perceptions as supervisor of federal civilian employees were studied in-depth: (a) task, (b) education training, (c) family, (d) rules & regulations, (e) open communications, (f) last minute task, (g) direct leadership, and (h) experience.  Our findings show that mismatch between leader perceptions and employee expectations lead to stress and absenteeism. Implications for future research and suggestions to reduce stress and absenteeism are discussed.

References

  • Allen, E. S., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2010). Hitting home: Relationship between recent deployment, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and marital functioning for Army couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 280-288, 9p. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.contentproxy.phoenix.ed
  • Bass, B. M. (2003). Fact to fact-Power to change: A conversation with Bernard M. Bass. Leadership in Action, 23(2), 9-11. Retrieved from http://www.ezproxy.ebscohost.apollolibrary.com
  • Bons, P. M., Bass, A. R., & Komorita, S. S. (1970). Changes in leadership style as a function of military experience and type of command. Personnel Psychology, 23(4), 551-568. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Brown, D. R. (2011). An experiential approach to organization development (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall.
  • Brown, N. (2008). Transition from the Afghanistan and Iraqi battlefields to home: an overview of selected war wounds and the federal agencies assisting soldiers regain their health. AAOHN Journal: Official Journal Of The American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 56(8), 343-346. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Brown, S. P., & Lam, S. K. (2008). A meta-analysis of relationship linking employee satisfaction to customer responses. Academy of Management Perspectives, 84, 243-255. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2007). Business research methods (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Campbell, L. (1993). Leadership style affects performance. Internal Auditor, 50(6), 8. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. S. Valle & M. King (Eds.), Existential-Phenomenological alternatives for psychology, (pp. 48-71). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Copeland, C. W. (2008). The federal workforce: Characteristics and trends. RL34685 Congressional Research Service, Report, 1-CRS28. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.apollolibrary.com
  • Covey, S. R. (1990). The seven habits of highly effective people: Restoring the character ethic. New York: A Fireside Book.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). [Adobe Reader]. Retrieved from www.ecampus.phoenix.edu.studentlibrary
  • Current Labor Statistics. (2012). Monthly labor review, 129(4), 45. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com
  • De Vries, R. E., Bakker-Pieper, A., & Oostenveld, W. (2010). Leadership=communication? The relations of leaders’ communication styles with leadership styles, knowledge sharing and leadership outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(3), 367-380. doi: 10.1007/s10869-009-9140-2
  • Delton, J. (2007). How management integrated the workplace. Business History Review, 81(2), 269-295. Retrieved from http://www.University of Phoenix Student Online Forum. ebscohost.
  • Fiedler, F. E. (1964). A contingency model of leadership effectiveness. New York: Academic Press.
  • Fisher, T. F., & Crabtree, J. L. (2009, September/October). Generational cohort theory: Have we overlooked an important aspect of the entry-level occupational therapy doctorate debate? American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63(5), 656-660.
  • Ganster, D. C., & Schaubroeck, J. (1991). Work stress and employee health. Journal of Management, 17(2), 235-271. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Gibson, C. P., & Snider, D. M. (1999). Civil-Military relations and the potential to influence: A look at the national security decision-making process. Armed Forces & Society, 25(2), 193-218. doi: 0095327x
  • Gilchrist-Petty, E., & Folk, Z. D. (2014). “Suck it Up”: The relationship between willingness to communicate and reduced soldier stress. The Northwest Journal of Communication, 42(1). Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Gill, A., Sharma, S. P., Mathur, N., & Bhutani, S. (2012). The effects of job satisfaction and work experience on employee-desire for empowerment: A Comparative study in Canada and India. International Journal of Management, 29(1), 190-200. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1). Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollibrary.com
  • Groves, K., & LaRocca, M. (2011). An empirical study of leader ethical values, transformational and transactional leadership, and follower attitudes toward corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Hendrix, W. H., Spencer, B. A., & Gibson, G. S. (1994). Organizational and extra-organizational factors affecting stress, employee well-being, and absenteeism for males and females. Journal of Business and Psychology, 9(2). Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Hesselbein, F., & Goldsmith, M. (2006). The leader of the future 2. Visions, strategies, and practices for the new era. New York, NY: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint.
  • Kean, S., & Haycock-Stuart, E. (2011). Understanding the relationship between followers and leaders. Nursing Management-UK, 18(8), 31-35. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Kelier, S. (1965). The American federal executive: A study of the social and personal characteristics of the civilian and military leaders of the United States federal government (book). American Sociological Review, 30(2), 278-279. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Kotter, J. P. (1990/2008). Developing a change-friendly culture. . Leader To Leader, 48(2008), 33-38. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Kouzes, James & Posner, Barry, 5th Ed. (2012). The Leadership Challenge: How to Make Extraordinary Things Happen in Organizations. Wiley: New York.
  • Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Practical research: Planning and design (9th ed.). [Adobe Digital Editions version]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix Student Online Library
  • Marina, B., & Ellert, R. (2009). Planning for leadership with army education services officers and leadership competencies. Educational Planning. Education Research Complete, 18(3), 27-39. Retrieved from http://web.com.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Mattila, A. M., Crandall, B. D., & Goldman, S. B. (2011). U.S. Army combat operational stress control throughout the deployment cycle: A case study. Case Study, 38, 13-18. doi: 10.3233/CBM-2011-1100
  • Moran, R. T., Harris, P. R., & Moran, S. V. (2011). Managing cultural differences: global leadership strategies for cross-cultural business success. Routledge.
  • Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. [Adobe Reader]. Retrieved from http://www.ecampus.phoenix.edu
  • Neuman, W. L. (2003). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2007). Basic of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (2d ed.). Boston: Pearson.
  • Pettigrew, A. M. (1973). The politics of organizational decision making. London, UK: Tavistock.
  • Rokeach, M. (1979). Understanding human values, individual and societal. New York: Free Press.
  • Salimi, S. H., Karaminia, R. R., & Esmaeili, A. A. (2011). Personality traits, management styles and conflict management in a military unit. Journal of Military Medicine, 13(1), 11-16. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Shank, G. D. (2006). Qualitative Research: A Personal skills approach (2nd ed.). [eReader]. Retrieved from www.ecampus.phoenix.edu/eBookLibrary2
  • Shaw, M. E., & Hector, M. A. (2010). Listening to military members returning from Iraq and/or Afghanistan: A Phenomenological Investigation. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 41(2), 128-134. doi: 10.1037/a0018178
  • Sisley, R., Henning, M. A., Hawken, S. J., & Moir, F. (2010, June). A conceptual model of workplace stress: The issue of a accumulation and recovery and the health professional. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 35(2), 3-15. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Smith-Forbes, E., Najera, C., & Hawkins, D. (2014). Combat operational stress control in Iraq and Afghanistan: Army occupational therapy. Military Medicine, 179(3), 279-284. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Stogdill, R. M., & Coon, A. E. (1957). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature. Journal of Psychology, 25, 35-71. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Trudel, J., & Reio, T. G., Jr (2011). Managing workplace incivility: The role of conflict management styles--antecedent or antidote? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(4). doi: 10.1002/hrdq.20081
  • Westley, F., & Mintzberg, H. (1989). Visionary leadership and strategic management. Journal of Management, 10, 17-32. Doi: 10.1002/smj.4250100704
  • Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in Organization (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in Organizations (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Year 2016, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 6 - 18, 16.01.2016

Abstract

References

  • Allen, E. S., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2010). Hitting home: Relationship between recent deployment, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and marital functioning for Army couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 280-288, 9p. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.contentproxy.phoenix.ed
  • Bass, B. M. (2003). Fact to fact-Power to change: A conversation with Bernard M. Bass. Leadership in Action, 23(2), 9-11. Retrieved from http://www.ezproxy.ebscohost.apollolibrary.com
  • Bons, P. M., Bass, A. R., & Komorita, S. S. (1970). Changes in leadership style as a function of military experience and type of command. Personnel Psychology, 23(4), 551-568. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Brown, D. R. (2011). An experiential approach to organization development (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall.
  • Brown, N. (2008). Transition from the Afghanistan and Iraqi battlefields to home: an overview of selected war wounds and the federal agencies assisting soldiers regain their health. AAOHN Journal: Official Journal Of The American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 56(8), 343-346. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Brown, S. P., & Lam, S. K. (2008). A meta-analysis of relationship linking employee satisfaction to customer responses. Academy of Management Perspectives, 84, 243-255. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2007). Business research methods (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Campbell, L. (1993). Leadership style affects performance. Internal Auditor, 50(6), 8. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. S. Valle & M. King (Eds.), Existential-Phenomenological alternatives for psychology, (pp. 48-71). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Copeland, C. W. (2008). The federal workforce: Characteristics and trends. RL34685 Congressional Research Service, Report, 1-CRS28. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.apollolibrary.com
  • Covey, S. R. (1990). The seven habits of highly effective people: Restoring the character ethic. New York: A Fireside Book.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). [Adobe Reader]. Retrieved from www.ecampus.phoenix.edu.studentlibrary
  • Current Labor Statistics. (2012). Monthly labor review, 129(4), 45. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com
  • De Vries, R. E., Bakker-Pieper, A., & Oostenveld, W. (2010). Leadership=communication? The relations of leaders’ communication styles with leadership styles, knowledge sharing and leadership outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(3), 367-380. doi: 10.1007/s10869-009-9140-2
  • Delton, J. (2007). How management integrated the workplace. Business History Review, 81(2), 269-295. Retrieved from http://www.University of Phoenix Student Online Forum. ebscohost.
  • Fiedler, F. E. (1964). A contingency model of leadership effectiveness. New York: Academic Press.
  • Fisher, T. F., & Crabtree, J. L. (2009, September/October). Generational cohort theory: Have we overlooked an important aspect of the entry-level occupational therapy doctorate debate? American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63(5), 656-660.
  • Ganster, D. C., & Schaubroeck, J. (1991). Work stress and employee health. Journal of Management, 17(2), 235-271. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Gibson, C. P., & Snider, D. M. (1999). Civil-Military relations and the potential to influence: A look at the national security decision-making process. Armed Forces & Society, 25(2), 193-218. doi: 0095327x
  • Gilchrist-Petty, E., & Folk, Z. D. (2014). “Suck it Up”: The relationship between willingness to communicate and reduced soldier stress. The Northwest Journal of Communication, 42(1). Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Gill, A., Sharma, S. P., Mathur, N., & Bhutani, S. (2012). The effects of job satisfaction and work experience on employee-desire for empowerment: A Comparative study in Canada and India. International Journal of Management, 29(1), 190-200. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1). Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollibrary.com
  • Groves, K., & LaRocca, M. (2011). An empirical study of leader ethical values, transformational and transactional leadership, and follower attitudes toward corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Hendrix, W. H., Spencer, B. A., & Gibson, G. S. (1994). Organizational and extra-organizational factors affecting stress, employee well-being, and absenteeism for males and females. Journal of Business and Psychology, 9(2). Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Hesselbein, F., & Goldsmith, M. (2006). The leader of the future 2. Visions, strategies, and practices for the new era. New York, NY: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint.
  • Kean, S., & Haycock-Stuart, E. (2011). Understanding the relationship between followers and leaders. Nursing Management-UK, 18(8), 31-35. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Kelier, S. (1965). The American federal executive: A study of the social and personal characteristics of the civilian and military leaders of the United States federal government (book). American Sociological Review, 30(2), 278-279. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Kotter, J. P. (1990/2008). Developing a change-friendly culture. . Leader To Leader, 48(2008), 33-38. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Kouzes, James & Posner, Barry, 5th Ed. (2012). The Leadership Challenge: How to Make Extraordinary Things Happen in Organizations. Wiley: New York.
  • Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Practical research: Planning and design (9th ed.). [Adobe Digital Editions version]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix Student Online Library
  • Marina, B., & Ellert, R. (2009). Planning for leadership with army education services officers and leadership competencies. Educational Planning. Education Research Complete, 18(3), 27-39. Retrieved from http://web.com.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Mattila, A. M., Crandall, B. D., & Goldman, S. B. (2011). U.S. Army combat operational stress control throughout the deployment cycle: A case study. Case Study, 38, 13-18. doi: 10.3233/CBM-2011-1100
  • Moran, R. T., Harris, P. R., & Moran, S. V. (2011). Managing cultural differences: global leadership strategies for cross-cultural business success. Routledge.
  • Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. [Adobe Reader]. Retrieved from http://www.ecampus.phoenix.edu
  • Neuman, W. L. (2003). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2007). Basic of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (2d ed.). Boston: Pearson.
  • Pettigrew, A. M. (1973). The politics of organizational decision making. London, UK: Tavistock.
  • Rokeach, M. (1979). Understanding human values, individual and societal. New York: Free Press.
  • Salimi, S. H., Karaminia, R. R., & Esmaeili, A. A. (2011). Personality traits, management styles and conflict management in a military unit. Journal of Military Medicine, 13(1), 11-16. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Shank, G. D. (2006). Qualitative Research: A Personal skills approach (2nd ed.). [eReader]. Retrieved from www.ecampus.phoenix.edu/eBookLibrary2
  • Shaw, M. E., & Hector, M. A. (2010). Listening to military members returning from Iraq and/or Afghanistan: A Phenomenological Investigation. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 41(2), 128-134. doi: 10.1037/a0018178
  • Sisley, R., Henning, M. A., Hawken, S. J., & Moir, F. (2010, June). A conceptual model of workplace stress: The issue of a accumulation and recovery and the health professional. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 35(2), 3-15. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Smith-Forbes, E., Najera, C., & Hawkins, D. (2014). Combat operational stress control in Iraq and Afghanistan: Army occupational therapy. Military Medicine, 179(3), 279-284. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Stogdill, R. M., & Coon, A. E. (1957). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature. Journal of Psychology, 25, 35-71. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com
  • Trudel, J., & Reio, T. G., Jr (2011). Managing workplace incivility: The role of conflict management styles--antecedent or antidote? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(4). doi: 10.1002/hrdq.20081
  • Westley, F., & Mintzberg, H. (1989). Visionary leadership and strategic management. Journal of Management, 10, 17-32. Doi: 10.1002/smj.4250100704
  • Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in Organization (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in Organizations (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Carey Williams

Ravi Chinta

Publication Date January 16, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Williams, C., & Chinta, R. (2016). Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia. Journal of Management and Information Science, 4(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.17858/jmisci.52002
AMA Williams C, Chinta R. Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia. JMISCI. January 2016;4(1):6-18. doi:10.17858/jmisci.52002
Chicago Williams, Carey, and Ravi Chinta. “Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia”. Journal of Management and Information Science 4, no. 1 (January 2016): 6-18. https://doi.org/10.17858/jmisci.52002.
EndNote Williams C, Chinta R (January 1, 2016) Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia. Journal of Management and Information Science 4 1 6–18.
IEEE C. Williams and R. Chinta, “Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia”, JMISCI, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 6–18, 2016, doi: 10.17858/jmisci.52002.
ISNAD Williams, Carey - Chinta, Ravi. “Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia”. Journal of Management and Information Science 4/1 (January 2016), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.17858/jmisci.52002.
JAMA Williams C, Chinta R. Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia. JMISCI. 2016;4:6–18.
MLA Williams, Carey and Ravi Chinta. “Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia”. Journal of Management and Information Science, vol. 4, no. 1, 2016, pp. 6-18, doi:10.17858/jmisci.52002.
Vancouver Williams C, Chinta R. Stress and Absenteeism in Civilian Employees Supervised by Army Sergeants: Empirical Evidence from Fort Belvoir, Virginia. JMISCI. 2016;4(1):6-18.