Production of Vehicle Brake Lining with Andesite Powder Additives at Different Pressing Pressures and Determination of Their Effects on Braking Performance

Abstract

The purpose of braking systems is to stop or slow down the moving vehicle. Braking is achieved by converting kinetic energy into heat energy due to the friction created by the brake pads. Today, it is common to use disc brake systems on both front and rear wheels. Recently, serious studies have been carried out in different sectors to utilize industrial wastes, and it is aimed at bringing these waste products into the economy. For this purpose, using different materials in the brake pad contents is common. This study aims to utilize the waste powders resulting from the processing of andesite stone. The materials used in the brake pad samples were developed by the hot-pressing method at pressing pressures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 MPa. Friction coefficient, wear rate, density, hardness, and SEM analysis of the samples were performed. As a result of the study, the density and hardness of the lining samples increased with the increase in pressing pressure. The maximum friction coefficient was obtained in the 40 MPa sample, and the minimum wear rate was obtained in the 25 MPa sample. It was determined that the coefficient of friction and wear rate performances of the lining samples meet the desired properties for the lining. Using andesite dust waste material in the brake lining sector will contribute to the environment and economy.

Keywords

• Brake lining
• Coefficient of Friction
• wear
• Andesite
• Vehicle Technology

Production of Vehicle Brake Lining with Andesite Powder Additives at Different Pressing Pressures and Determination of Their Effects on Braking Performance

Abstract

The purpose of braking systems is to stop or slow down the moving vehicle. Braking is achieved by converting kinetic energy into heat energy due to the friction created by the brake pads. Today, it is common to use disc brake systems on both front and rear wheels. Recently, serious studies have been carried out in different sectors to utilize industrial wastes, and it is aimed at bringing these waste products into the economy. For this purpose, using different materials in the brake pad contents is common. This study aims to utilize the waste powders resulting from the processing of andesite stone. The materials used in the brake pad samples were developed by the hot-pressing method at pressing pressures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 MPa. Friction coefficient, wear rate, density, hardness, and SEM analysis of the samples were performed. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the coefficient of friction and wear rate performances of the lining samples meet the desired properties for the lining. Using andesite dust waste material in the brake lining sector will contribute to the environment and economy.

Keywords

• Brake lining
• Coefficient of Friction
• wear
• Andesite
• Vehicle Technology

References

1. ASTM D2240-15. (2021). In standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness. standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness. https://www.astm.org/d2240-15r21.html
2. Başar G., Buldum B. B., Sugözü İ. Friction performance of brake pads reinforced colemanite and borax. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2), 635–644. 2018. www.dergipark.gov.tr
3. Boz M. Seramik takviyeli bronz esaslı toz metal fren balata üretimi ve sürtünme-aşınma özelliklerinin araştırılması [Doktora tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 2003.
4. Güney B., Mutlu İ. Investigation of vehicle brake testing standards applied in the EU and the USA. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering, 15, 7–16. 2015. https://doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.8524
5. Kurt A., Boz M.. Wear behaviour of organic asbestos based and bronze based powder metal brake linings. Materials and Design, 26(8), 717–721. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.09.006
6. Malak A., Mutlu İ., Aysal F. E., Bayrakçeken H., Özgören Y. Ö., Yavuz İ. The effect of carbon fiber additive in automotive friction materials. ISITES2015, Valencia, Spain, 998–1005. 2015.
7. Öktem H., Akıncıoğlu S., Uygur İ., Akıncıoğlu G. A novel study of hybrid brake pad composites: new formulation, tribological behaviour and characterisation of microstructure. Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 50(5), 249–261. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2021.1898881
8. Pujari S., Srikiran S. Experimental investigations on wear properties of Palm kernel reinforced composites for brake pad applications. Defence Technology, 15(3), 295–299. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2018.11.006

9. Sugözü B., Buldum B. B., Sugözü İ. Tribological properties of brake friction materials containing ulexite and borax. Journal of Boron, 3(2), 125–131. 2018. https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.365196
10. Suojo E., Jamasri J., Malau V., Ilman M. N. Effects of phenolic resin and fly ash on coefficient of friction of brake shoe composite. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9(11), 2234–2240. 2014. www.arpnjournals.com
11. Timur M., Kılıç H. Marble waste using produced of automotive brake pad of friction coefficient different pad brake pads with comprasion. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 19(1), 10–14. 2013. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2013.55264
12. TS555 (555). Road vehicles - Brake linings and pads for friction type brakes. 2019.
13. Ünaldı M., Kuş R. The determination of the effect of mixture proportions and production parameters on density and porosity features of Miscanthus reinforced brake pads by Taguchi method. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 7(1), 48–57. 2018. http://ijaet.academicpaper.org
14. Xiao X., Yin Y., Bao J., Lu L., Feng X. Review on the friction and wear of brake materials. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 8(5), 1–10. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814016647300
15. Yavuz H. Evoluation of blue cupressus arizone cone in automotive brake pad biocomposite. Bioresources, 18(3), 5182–5197. 2023.
16. Yavuz H., Bayrakceken, H. Friction and wear characteristics of brake friction materials obtained from fiber and huntite blends. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 74(7), 844–852. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-03-2022-0079
17. Yawas D. S., Aku S. Y., Amaren, S. G. Morphology and properties of periwinkle shell asbestos-free brake pad. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 28(1), 103–109. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2013.11.002
18. Yılmaz A. C. Effects of fly ash introduction on friction and wear characteristics of brake pads. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 11(3), 96–103. 2022. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1108124