Effect of Lattice Design and Process Parameters on the Properties of PLA, ABS AND PETG Polymers Produced by Fused Deposition Modelling

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 561 - 570, 26.12.2023

Cem Güdür , Türker Türkoğlu , İlker Eren

https://doi.org/10.55546/jmm.1357217

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, tensile strengths of different polymer-based materials PLA (Polylactic Acid), ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), and PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol) were investigated by applying BCC (Body-Centered Cubic), FCC (Face-Centered Cubic) and Gyroid lattice designs with FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) method which one of the additive manufacturing methods. In addition, weight reduction was performed in the materials with the lattice designs applied. After the mechanical tests, it was determined that the lattice structure has an important role in tensile strengths. Especially in the gyroid lattice structure, which is one of the TPMS (Triply Periodic Minimal Surface) lattice types, it was determined that the maximum strength was obtained in PLA material. In terms of % deformation, the maximum elongation was obtained for PETG material in the gyroid lattice structure. In addition, weight reduction was aimed by using lattice structure patterns, and the maximum weight reduction was found in the BCC lattice structure.

Keywords

Additive manufacturing, Lattice designs, Fused deposition modelling, PLA, ABS, PETG

Eriyik Yığma Modelleme ile Üretilen PLA, ABS VE PETG Polimerlerinin Özellikleri Üzerinde Kafes Tasarımı ve Proses Parametrelerinin Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, farklı polimer esaslı PLA (Polilaktik Asit), ABS (Akrilonitril Bütadien Stiren) ve PETG (Polietilen Tereftalat Glikol) malzemelerinin mekanik özellikleri, eklemeli imalat yöntemlerinden biri olan FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) yöntemi ile BCC (Body-Centered Cubic), FCC (Face-Centered Cubic) ve Gyroid kafes tasarımları uygulanarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca kafes tasarımları uygulanan malzemelerde ağırlık azaltımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mekanik testler sonrasında kafes yapısının mekanik özelliklerde önemli bir role sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle TPMS (Triply Periodic Minimal Surface) kafes tiplerinden biri olan gyroid kafes yapısında maksimum mukavemetin PLA malzemesinde elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Deformasyon yüzdesi açısından ise en fazla uzama gyroid kafes yapısındaki PETG malzemesi için elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca kafes yapıları kullanılarak ağırlık azaltımı hedeflenmiş ve maksimum ağırlık azaltımı BCC kafes yapısında bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Eklemeli imalat, Kafes tasarımı, Eriyik yığma modelleme, PLA, ABS, PETG

References

• Alarifi I., Mechanical Properties and Numerical Simulation of FDM 3D Printed PETG/carbon Composite Unit Structures, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 23, 656-669, 2023.
• Awasthi P., Banerjee S., Fused Deposition Modeling of Thermoplastic Elastomeric Materials: Challenges and Opportunities, Additive Manufacturing, 46, 1-18, 2021.
• Başçı Ü.G., Yamanoğlu R., New Generation Production Technology: Additive Manufacturing via FDM, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 5, 339-352, 2021.
• Cano-Vicent A., Tambuwala M., Hassan S., Barh, D., Aljabali A., Birkett M., Arjunan A., Serrano-Aroca A., Fused Deposition Modeling: Current Status, Methodology, Applications and Future Prospects, 47, 1-19, 2021.
• Çelik İ., Karakoç İ., Çakır C., Duysak A., Hızlı Prototipleme Teknolojileri ve Uygulama Alanları, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 31, 53-70, 2013.
• Cetin E., Fossi, C., Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Strength of Adhesively Bonded 3D-Printed Joints Under Hygrothermal Conditions Using Taguchi Method, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 126, 103472, 2023.
• Corvi A., Collini L., Sciancalepore C., Kumar A., Analysis and Modeling of Damage Mechanism in FDM 3D-Printed Lattice Structure Under Compression Loading, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 37, 1089-1095, 2023.
• Dwiyati S., Kholil A., Riyadi R., Putra S., Influence of Layer Thickness and 3D Printing Direction on Tensile Properties of ABS Material, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1042, 1-7, 2019.
• Evlen H., Investigation of the Effect of Infill Rate on Mechanical Properties of TPU and TPE Specimens Produced in 3D Printer, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science and Engineering, 21, 793-804, 2019.
• Jimanez-Martinez M., Varela-Soriano J., Carreon J., Mechanical Fatigue of PLA in Additive Manufacturing, Engineering Failure Analysis, 149, 1-19, 2023.
• Kamer M., Temiz Ş., Yaykaşlı H., Kaya A., Akay O., Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Tensile Test Specimens Produced with ABS and PLA Material at Different Printing Speeds in 3D Printer, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 37, 1197-1211, 2022.
• Kaygusuz B., Özerinç S., 3 Boyutlu Yazıcı ile Üretilen PLA Bazlı Yapıların Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi, Makina Tasarım ve İmalat Dergisi, 16, 1-16, 2018.
• Özer G., Eklemeli Üretim Teknolojileri Üzerine Bir Derleme, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 9, 606-621, 2020.
• Rismilia M., Hidajat S.C., Permana I.G.R, Hadisujoto B., Muslimin M., Triawan F., Infill Pattern and Density Effects on the Tensile Properties of 3D Printed PLA Material, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1402, 1-7, 2019.
• Sezer H.K., Eren O., Börklü H.R., Karbon Fiber Takviyeli ABS Filamanet Üretimi ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması, 1. 3B Baskı Teknolojileri Uluslararası Sempozyumu, İstanbul/Türkiye, May 5-7, 2016, pp:1-12.
• Sokullu B., Gulcan O., Konukseven E., Mechanical Properties Comparison of Strut-Based and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Lattice Structures Produced by Electron Beam Melting, Additive Manufacturing, 60, 103199, 2022.
• Srinivasan R., Pridhar T., Ramprasath L., Charan N., Ruban W., Prediction of Tensile Strength in FDM Printed ABS Parts Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Materials Today: Proceedings, 27, 1827-1832, 2020.
• Srinivasan R., Ruban W., Deepanraj A., Bhuvanesh R., Bhuvanesh T., Effect on Infill Density on Mechanical Properties of PETG Part Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling, Materials Today: Proceedings, 27, 1838-1842, 2020.
• Tunay M., Cetin E., Energy Absorption of 2D Auxetic Structures Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 45, 500, 2023.
• Zhao Y., Chen Y., Zhou Y., Novel Mechanical Models of Tensile Strength and Elastic Property of FDM AM PLA Materials: Experimental and Theoretical Analyses, Materials and Design, 181, 1-10, 2019.