Effect of thermo-reactive diffusion coatings on microstructure and wear behavior of powder metallurgy steel cutting inserts

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 14 - 35, 26.06.2024

Talat Turan , Ali Günen , Erdoğan Kanca

https://doi.org/10.55546/jmm.1447858

Abstract

In this study, powder metallurgy-produced 1.337 steel (PMS 1.3377) was subjected to boronizing, titanizing, and vanadinizing processes at 950 °C for 2 hours. The influence of boride and carbide coatings formed on the surface of PMS 1.3377 on the microstructure of these steels and their wear behaviors at room temperature and 500 °C were investigated. Characterization of the formed coating layers was carried out through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), microhardness, and wear testing. Wear tests considering the cutting tool turning, milling, and drilling applications of PMS 1.3377 were conducted at room temperature and 500 °C in ambient air with a 10 N load and a 250 m sliding distance against an Al2O3 ball. Metallographic studies showed that coating layers with thicknesses of 98±2.1, 11±0.5, 13.5±0.6 µm and hardness of 2566±125 HV0.1, 2037±104 HV0.1, and 1800±197 were obtained by boronizing, titanizing and vanadinizing processes, respectively. The dominant phase structures in the obtained coatings were determined to be FeB, TiC, and VC for boronizing, titanizing, and vanadinizing, respectively. Due to the high hardness of boride and carbide phases and their ability to form more stable oxide layers during wear, the coated samples exhibited lower friction coefficients and lower wear volume losses. While untreated PMS 1.3377 experienced delamination and oxidation wear mechanisms at room temperature, the wear mechanism at 500 °C transformed into adhesive and oxidation wear. On the other hand, in the coated samples, the wear mechanism was found to occur as adhesive, oxidative, and delamination at both room temperature and 500 °C.

Keywords

Powder metallurgy, Thermo-reactive diffusion technique, Hardness, Friction, Wear

Termo-reaktif difüzyon kaplamaların toz metalurjisi yöntemi ile üretilen çelik kesici uçların mikroyapısı ve aşınma davranışlarına etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, toz metalurjisi yöntemiyle üretilen 1.337 çeliği (PMS 1.3377) 950 °C'de 2 saat süreyle borlama, titanlama ve vanadyumlama işlemlerine tabi tutuldu. PMS 1.3377'nin yüzeyinde oluşan borür ve karbür kaplamaların bu çeliklerin mikroyapısına etkisi ve oda sıcaklığında ile 500 °C'deki aşınma davranışları araştırıldı. Oluşturulan kaplama katmanlarının karakterizasyonu Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM-EDS), X-ışını Kırınımı (XRD), mikrosertlik ve aşınma testleri yoluyla gerçekleştirildi. PMS 1.3377'nin kesici takım tornalama, frezeleme ve delme uygulamalarını dikkate alınarak aşınma testleri, oda sıcaklığında ve 500 °C'de açık hava ortamında, 10 N yük ve 6.3mm çapında Al2O3 topuna karşı 250 m kayma mesafesi ile gerçekleştirildi. Metalografik çalışmalar, borlama, titanyumlama ve vanadyumlama yoluyla 98±2,1, 11±0,5, 13,5±0,6 µm kalınlığında ve 2566±125 HV0,1, 2037±104 HV0,1 ve 1800±197 sertliğinde kaplama katmanları elde edildiğini göstermiştir. Elde edilen kaplamalarda baskın faz yapılarının borlama, titanyumlama ve vanadyumlama için sırasıyla FeB, TiC ve VC olduğu belirlendi. Borür ve karbür fazlarının yüksek sertlikleri ve aşınma sırasında daha stabil oksit tabakaları oluşturabilme yetenekleri nedeniyle, kaplanan numuneler, işlemsizlere göre daha düşük sürtünme katsayıları ve daha düşük aşınma hacmi kayıpları sergilemiştir. İşlenmemiş PMS 1.3377'de oda sıcaklığında delaminasyon ve oksidasyon aşınma mekanizmaları meydana gelmişken, 500 °C'de aşınma mekanizması adhezyon ve oksidasyon aşınmasına dönüşmüştür. Kaplamalı numunelerde ise aşınma mekanizmasının hem oda sıcaklığında hem de 500 °C'de adhezyon, oksidasyon ve delaminasyon şeklinde meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Toz metalurjisi, Termo-reaktif difüzyon tekniği, Sertlik, Sürtünme, Aşınma.

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