Kalsiyum Stearat-Epoksi Bazlı Kompozit Malzemelerde Hidrofobisitenin Araştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 214 - 225, 19.06.2025

İsmail Sinan Atlı , Hakan Çiftçi

https://doi.org/10.55546/jmm.1665380

Abstract

Hidrofobik yüzeyler inşaat, otomotiv, elektronik ve medikal sektörler başta olmak üzere birçok alanda ürünlerin dayanıklılığını ve performansını artırmada kritik bir rol oynar. Bu özellik kirlenme ve korozyona karşı doğal bir bariyer oluşturarak bakım maliyetlerini düşürürken malzemelerin ömrünü uzatır. Ayrıca, bu teknolojinin uygulanması, enerji verimliliği ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine ulaşmada yenilikçi çözümler sunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda kalsiyum setarat (CS) ve epoksi kullanılarak geliştirilen kompozit malzeme, yüzeylere uygulanabilen ve hidrofobik özellikleri artıran bir kaplama çözümü olarak sunulmuştur. Bu yaklaşımda, CS’ın su itici özellikleri ile epoksinin yapısal dayanıklılığı bir araya getirilerek, farklı yüzeylere uygulanabilecek bir birleşim geliştirilmek istenmiştir. Epoksi içerisine ağırlıkça %1, %2, %4, %6, %8 ve %10 oranlarında CS karıştırılarak elde edilen kompozitin saf suya karşı temas açısı ölçülmüştür. Katkısız epoksi hidrofilik yapıda olup temas açısı 70,5˚ ölçülürken, 117,5˚ ‘lik temas açısı ile en yüksek hidrofobik özelliği %8 CS katkılı kompozit göstermiştir. Bunun yanında CS katkılarının Shore D sertlik değerlerinde düşüşe sebep olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

Kompozit , Kalsiyum stearat , Hidrofobik , Hidrofilik , Temas açısı

Investigation of Hydrophobicity in Calcium Stearate-Epoxy Based Composite Materials

Abstract

Hydrophobic surfaces are essential for enhancing the longevity and performance of products across various sectors, particularly in construction, automotive, electronics, and medicine. This characteristic minimizes maintenance expenses by establishing a natural barrier against pollution and corrosion, hence prolonging the lifespan of the materials. Moreover, implementing this technology provides novel methods for attaining energy efficiency and environmental sustainability objectives. This research introduced a composite material formulated with calcium stearate (CS) and epoxy, designed as a coating solution to enhance hydrophobic qualities on surfaces. This technique is intended to create a formulation that integrates the water-repellent characteristics of CS with the structural resilience of epoxy for application on various surfaces. The contact angle of the composite, derived from adding CS into epoxy at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by weight, was assessed against pure water. Neat epoxy has a hydrophilic structure with a contact angle of 70.5°, whereas the composite containing 8% CS demonstrates the highest hydrophobicity, with a contact angle of 117.5°. Furthermore, adding CS led to a decrease in Shore D hardness values.

Keywords

Composite , Calcium stearate , Hydrophobic , Hydrophilic , Contact angle

References

• Aparna A., Sethulekshmi A.S., Saritha A., Joseph K., Recent advances in superhydrophobic epoxy based nanocomposite coatings and their applications. Progress in Organic Coatings 166, 106819, 2022.
• Ari A.C., Mechanical and hydrophobic properties determination of epoxy/ignimbrite/pine waste composites. Polymer Composites, 1–14, 2025.
• Bai H., Zhang L., Gu D., Calcium stearate nanoparticles as building blocks for mechanically durable superhydrophobic coatings. Materials Chemistry and Physics 294, 127040, 2023.
• Ceritbinmez F., Yapici A., Kanca E., The effect of nanoparticle additive on surface milling in glass fiber reinforced composite structures. Polymers and Polymer Composites 29(9_suppl), S575–S585, 2021.
• Ceritbinmez F., Özkan V., Saracoglu G., Yapici A., MWCNTs doped GFRPs drilling: crosscheck among holes obtained by alternative manufacturing methods. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 118(1), 33–41, 2022.
• Chang J., He X., Yang Z., Bai X., Yuan C., Effects of chemical composition on the hydrophobicity and antifouling performance of epoxy-based self-stratifying nanocomposite coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings 167, 106827, 2022.
• Chen H., Wang Z., Li J., Liu X., Li C., Li Y., Yu W., Liu L., Zhang Y., Lai Y., Cai W., Facile preparation of highly hydrophobic ZIF-8/DMBIM modified epoxy coatings with enhanced acid, alkali and marine corrosion resistance. Materials Today Chemistry 43, 102512, 2025.
• Chen L., Ni X., Shen Y., Liu Z., Liu C., Experimental and simulation investigation on hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of graphene oxide reinforced composite coating. Applied Surface Science 648, 159072, 2024.
• Chen R., Liu J., Mu S., Chloride ion penetration resistance and microstructural modification of concrete with the addition of calcium stearate. Construction and Building Materials 321, 126188, 2022.
• Dinesh S., Kumaran P., Mohanamurugan S., Vijay R., Singaravelu D.L., Vinod A., Bhat K.S., Influence of wood dust fillers on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption and biodegradation characteristics of jute fiber epoxy composites. Journal of Polymer Research 27, 1–13, 2020.
• Doganci M.D., Sevinc H., Investigation of superhydrophobic and anticorrosive epoxy films with Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on different surfaces. ACS Omega 8(24), 21559–21570, 2023.
• Ganapathy T., Sathiskumar R., Sanjay M.R., Senthamaraikannan P., Saravanakumar S.S., Parameswaranpillai J., Siengchin S., Effect of graphene powder on banyan aerial root fibers reinforced epoxy composites. Journal of Natural Fibers 18(7), 1029–1036, 2021.
• Guangbao W., Shangsuo Y., Jijun X., Thermal degradation kinetics of calcium stearate-PVC composite. Results in Materials 8, 100123, 2020.
• James D.J.D., Manoharan S., Saikrishnan G., Arjun S., Influence of bagasse/sisal fibre stacking sequence on the mechanical characteristics of hybrid-epoxy composites. Journal of Natural Fibers 17(10), 1497–1507, 2020.
• Li S., Yao Y., Effect of thermal stabilizers composed of zinc barbiturate and calcium stearate for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Polymer Degradation and Stability 96 (4), 637–641, 2011.
• Lv Y., Luo Y., Song C., Jin W., Xiang T., Qiao M., Dang J., Bai W., Yang Z., Zhao J., Effect of calcium stearate hydrophobic agent on the performance of mortar and reinforcement corrosion in mortar with cracks. Construction and Building Materials 450, 138684, 2024.
• Ma Y., Cao X., Feng X., Ma Y., Zou H., Fabrication of super-hydrophobic film from PMMA with intrinsic water contact angle below 90°. Polymer 48 (26), 7455–7460, 2007.
• Maryoto A., Resistance of concrete with calcium stearate due to chloride attack tested by accelerated corrosion. Procedia Engineering 171, 511–516, 2017.
• Onuegbu G.C., Igwe I.O., The effects of filler contents and particle sizes on the mechanical and end-use properties of snail shell powder filled polypropylene. Materials Sciences and Application 2, 811–817, 2011.
• Panin С.V., Kornienko L.A., Suan T.N., Ivanova L.R., Poltaranin M.A., The effect of adding calcium stearate on wear-resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Procedia Engineering 113, 490–498, 2015.
• Pham H.Q., Marks M.J., Epoxy Resins. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2002.
• Verma A., Tiwary C.S., Bhattacharya J., Enhancement of hydrophobic, resistive barrier and anticorrosion performance of epoxy coating with addition of clay-modified green silico-graphitic carbon. Carbon Trends 15, 100347, 2024.
• Xavier J.R., Electrochemical, mechanical and adhesive properties of surface modified NiO-epoxy nanocomposite coatings on mild steel. Materials Science & Engineering B 260, 114639, 2020.
• Xavier J.R., Bhaskar R., Subramanian S., Multifunctional graphitic carbon nitride manganese dioxide epoxy nanocomposite coating on steel for enhanced anticorrosion, flame retardant, mechanical, and hydrophobic properties. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 134, 514–536, 2024.
• Zhou Y., Pervin F., Lewis L., Jeelani S., Experimental study on the thermal and mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy. Materials Science and Engineering A 452–453, 657–664, 2007.