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Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 28 - 37, 30.03.2016

M. Mujiya Ulkhaq Andini R. Nurdianti Maya Kartika Vashanadia Astharina

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2016116527

Abstract

References

  • Aaker, D. A. and Myers, J. G. (1987). Advertising Management. (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Amos, C., Holmes, G. and Strutton, D. (2008). Exploring the relationship between celebrity endorser effects & advertising effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising, 27, 209–234.
  • Applbaum, R. F. and Anatol, K. W. E. (1972). The factor structure of source credibility as a function of the speaking situation. Speech Monographs, 39, 216-222.
  • Baker, M. J. and Churchill, G. A., Jr. (1977). The impact of physically attractive models on advertising evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 14, 538-555.
  • Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. (1995). Introduction to Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective. (3rd ed.). Chicago: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
  • Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. (2001). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Berlo, D.K., Lemert, J. B. and Mertz, R. J. (1969). Dimensions for evaluating the acceptability of message sources. Public Opinion Quarterly, 33, 563-576.
  • Cabalero, M. J., Lumpkin, J. R. and Madden, C. S. (1989). Using physical attractiveness as an advertising tool: an empirical test of attraction phenomenon. Journal of Advertising, 29, 16-22.
  • Chaiken, S. (1979). Communicator physical attractiveness & persuasion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37, 1387-1397.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha & the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.
  • Debevec, K. and Kernan, J. B. (1984). More evidence on the effects of a presenter’s physical attractiveness: some cognitive, affective and behavioral consequences. In T. C. Kinnear (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research (pp. 127–132). Provo: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Dholakia, R. and Stemthal, B. (1977). Highly credible source: persuasive facilitator or persuasive liabilities? Journal of Consumer Research, 3, 223-232.
  • Englis, B. G. and Solomon, M. R. (1996). Using consumption constellations to develop integrated communications strategies. Journal of Business Research, 37, 183–191.
  • Erdogan, B. Z. (1999). Celebrity endorsement: a literature review. Journal of Marketing Management, 15, 291–314.
  • Erdogan, Z. B., Baker, M. J. and Tagg, S. (2001). Selecting celebrity endorsers: the practitioner’s perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 41, 39–48.
  • Forkan, J. (1980). Product matchup key to effective star presentations. Advertising Age, 51.
  • Friedman, H. H. and Friedman, L. (1979). Endorser effectiveness by product type. Journal of Advertising Research, 19, 63–71.
  • Goldsmith, R. E., Lafferty, B. A. and Newell, S. J. (2000). The impact of corporate credibility & celebrity credibility on consumer reaction to advertisements & brands. Journal of Advertising, 29, 43-54.
  • Han, E. and Ki, E. (2010). Developing a measure of celebrity reputation. Public Relations Review, 36, 199–201.
  • Holloway, J. C. and Robinson, C. (1995). Marketing for Tourism. (3rd ed.). Harlow: Longman.
  • Hovland, C. and Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15, 635– 650.
  • Hovland, C., Janis, L. I. and Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communication & Persuasion. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Hsieh, A. T. and Chang, J. (2005). The different response to hotels’ endorsement advertising by Taiwanese & American tourists. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 19, 41–54.
  • Joseph, W. B. (1982). The credibility of physically attractive communicators: a review. Journal of Advertising, 11, 15-24.
  • Kahle, L. R. and Homer, P. M. (1985). Physical attractiveness of the celebrity endorser: a social adaptation perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 11, 954-961.
  • Kamins, M. A. (1990). An investigation into the match-up-hypothesis in celebrity advertising: when beauty be only skin deep. Journal of Advertising, 19, 4-13.
  • Kelman, H. C. (1961). Process of opinion change. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25, 57-78.
  • Koernig, S. K. and Boyd, T. C. (2009). To catch a tiger or let him go: the match-up effect & athlete endorsers for sport & non-sport brands. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 18, 25–37.
  • Lafferty, B. A. and Goldsmith, R. E. (1999). Corporate credibility’s role in consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions when a high versus a low credibility endorser is used in the ad. Journal of Business Research, 44, 109-116.
  • Lee, M. Y., Knight, D. and Kim, Y. K. (2008). Brand analysis of a us global brand in comparison with domestic brands in Mexico, Korea, & Japan. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 17, 163–174.
  • Lord, K. and Putrevu, S. (2009). Informational and transformational responses to celebrity endorsement. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 31, 1–13.
  • Magnini, V., Garcia, C. and Honeycutt, E. (2010). Identifying the attributes of an effective restaurant chain endorser. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51, 238–250.
  • Magnini, V., Garcia, C. and Honeycutt, E. (2008). Understanding the use of celebrity endorsers for hospitality firms. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14, 57–69.
  • MarketWatch (2006). A-list celebrity endorsements are failing to dazzle consumers. MarketWatch: Global Round Up, 5, 29–30.
  • McCracken, G. (1989). Who is celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the celebrity endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 310–321.
  • McCroskey, J.C. (1966). Scales for the measurement of ethos. Speech Monographs, 33, 65-72.
  • McGill, D.C. (1989). Star wars in cola advertising. New York Times, March 22, D1.
  • McGuire, W.J. (1985). Attitudes and attitude change. In G. Lindzey and E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology Vol. 2 (pp. 233346). New York: Random House.
  • Meenaghan, T. (1995). Advertising and Development of Marketing Imaginary. In T. Meenaghan and O’Sullivan (Eds.), Marketing Communications in Ireland (pp. 318-337). Dublin: Oak Tree Press.
  • Mills, J. and Aronson, E. (1965). Opinion change as a function of communicator’s attractiveness and desire to influence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 1, 173-177.
  • Misra, S. (1990). Celebrity spokesperson and brand congruence: an assessment of recall & affect. Journal of Business Research, 21, 159173.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1994). Psychometric Theory. (3rd ed.). New York: Mc.Graw-Hill.
  • Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction & validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 14, 390–414.
  • Petroshius, S. M. and Schulman, M. (1989). An empirical analysis of spokesperson characteristics on advertisement and product evaluation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 17, 217-225.
  • Petty, R. D. and D’Rozario, D. (2009). The use of dead celebrities in advertising and marketing: balancing interests in the right of publicity. Journal of Advertising, 38, 37–49.
  • Petty, R. E. and Cacioppo, J. T. (1980). Effects of issue involvement on attitudes in an advertising context. In G. G. Gom and M. E. Goldberg (Eds.). Proceedings of the Division 23 Program (pp. 75-79). Montreal: American Psychological Association.
  • Ratneshwar, S. S. and Chaiken, S. (1991). Comprehension’s role in persuasion: the case of its moderating effect on the persuasive impact of source cues. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 52-62.
  • Sherman, S. P. (1985). When you wish upon a star. Fortune, August 19, 68.
  • Shimp, T. E. (1997). Advertising, Promotion and Supplemental Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communication. (4th ed.). Fort Worth: The Dryden Press.
  • Singer, B. D. (1983). The case for using “real people” in advertising. Business Quarterly, 48, 32-37.
  • Smith, R. C. (1973). Source credibility context effects. Speech Monographs, 40, 303-309.
  • Solomon, M. R. (1996). Consumer Behavior. (3rd ed.). London: Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
  • Solomon, M. R., Bamossy, G. and Askegaard, S. (1999). Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
  • Speck, P. S., Schumann, D. W. and Thompson, C. (1988). Celebrity endorsements-scripts, schema and roles: theoretical framework and preliminary tests. In M .J. Houston (Ed.). Advances in Consumer Research (pp. 68-76).
  • Tan, T. and Ming, M. (2003). Leveraging on symbolic values & meanings in branding. The Journal of Brand Management, 10, 208–218.
  • Till, B. D. and Busler, M. (1998). Matching products with endorsers: attractiveness versus expertise. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 15, 576-586.
  • Tripp, C., Jensen, T. and Carlson, L. (1994). The effects of multiple product endorsements by celebrities on consumers’ attitudes and interests. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 535–547.
  • Veen, V. d. (2008). Analysis of the implementations of celebrity endorsement as a destination marketing instrument. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 24, 213–222.
  • Wheeler, R. (2003). Choosing celebrity endorsers: tips & traps. Nonprofit Worlds, 21, 17–20.
  • Whitehead, J. L. (1968). Factors of source credibility. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 54, 59-63.
  • Widgery, R. N. and Ruch, R. S. (1981). Beauty and the Machiavellian. Communication Quarterly, 29, 97-301.
  • Young, S. M. and Pinksy, D. (2006). Narcissism and celebrity. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 463 – 471.

A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE SOURCE MODEL FOR CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 28 - 37, 30.03.2016

M. Mujiya Ulkhaq Andini R. Nurdianti Maya Kartika Vashanadia Astharina

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2016116527

Abstract

Marketing managers nowadays use one of the most common advertising strategies to grab persons’ time in order to inform the remarkable
features of their products: they use celebrities to endorse their products. Several researchers have studied the model of celebrity
endorsement. One of the most important is source model, which covers source credibility model and source attractiveness model. This
paper evaluated the source model of celebrity endorsement developed by Ohanian (1990) and make a generalization using different
celebrity endorser, brand name, and respondents’ characteristics. The object of this research is Joshua Suherman, an Indonesian artist who
advertises the “Nutrisari Rasa Jeruk”, an orange flavour powder beverage. The proposed model does not fit and after doing some iterations
to remove insignificant attributes, the revised model indicated that the model does fit with high reliability for each dimension. Future study
is needed to identify whether the results are consistent according to cross-country and -culture, as well as when it uses other celebrity
endorser.

Keywords

Advertisement celebrities endorser marketing source model

References

  • Aaker, D. A. and Myers, J. G. (1987). Advertising Management. (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Amos, C., Holmes, G. and Strutton, D. (2008). Exploring the relationship between celebrity endorser effects & advertising effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising, 27, 209–234.
  • Applbaum, R. F. and Anatol, K. W. E. (1972). The factor structure of source credibility as a function of the speaking situation. Speech Monographs, 39, 216-222.
  • Baker, M. J. and Churchill, G. A., Jr. (1977). The impact of physically attractive models on advertising evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 14, 538-555.
  • Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. (1995). Introduction to Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective. (3rd ed.). Chicago: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
  • Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. (2001). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Berlo, D.K., Lemert, J. B. and Mertz, R. J. (1969). Dimensions for evaluating the acceptability of message sources. Public Opinion Quarterly, 33, 563-576.
  • Cabalero, M. J., Lumpkin, J. R. and Madden, C. S. (1989). Using physical attractiveness as an advertising tool: an empirical test of attraction phenomenon. Journal of Advertising, 29, 16-22.
  • Chaiken, S. (1979). Communicator physical attractiveness & persuasion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37, 1387-1397.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha & the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.
  • Debevec, K. and Kernan, J. B. (1984). More evidence on the effects of a presenter’s physical attractiveness: some cognitive, affective and behavioral consequences. In T. C. Kinnear (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research (pp. 127–132). Provo: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Dholakia, R. and Stemthal, B. (1977). Highly credible source: persuasive facilitator or persuasive liabilities? Journal of Consumer Research, 3, 223-232.
  • Englis, B. G. and Solomon, M. R. (1996). Using consumption constellations to develop integrated communications strategies. Journal of Business Research, 37, 183–191.
  • Erdogan, B. Z. (1999). Celebrity endorsement: a literature review. Journal of Marketing Management, 15, 291–314.
  • Erdogan, Z. B., Baker, M. J. and Tagg, S. (2001). Selecting celebrity endorsers: the practitioner’s perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 41, 39–48.
  • Forkan, J. (1980). Product matchup key to effective star presentations. Advertising Age, 51.
  • Friedman, H. H. and Friedman, L. (1979). Endorser effectiveness by product type. Journal of Advertising Research, 19, 63–71.
  • Goldsmith, R. E., Lafferty, B. A. and Newell, S. J. (2000). The impact of corporate credibility & celebrity credibility on consumer reaction to advertisements & brands. Journal of Advertising, 29, 43-54.
  • Han, E. and Ki, E. (2010). Developing a measure of celebrity reputation. Public Relations Review, 36, 199–201.
  • Holloway, J. C. and Robinson, C. (1995). Marketing for Tourism. (3rd ed.). Harlow: Longman.
  • Hovland, C. and Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15, 635– 650.
  • Hovland, C., Janis, L. I. and Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communication & Persuasion. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Hsieh, A. T. and Chang, J. (2005). The different response to hotels’ endorsement advertising by Taiwanese & American tourists. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 19, 41–54.
  • Joseph, W. B. (1982). The credibility of physically attractive communicators: a review. Journal of Advertising, 11, 15-24.
  • Kahle, L. R. and Homer, P. M. (1985). Physical attractiveness of the celebrity endorser: a social adaptation perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 11, 954-961.
  • Kamins, M. A. (1990). An investigation into the match-up-hypothesis in celebrity advertising: when beauty be only skin deep. Journal of Advertising, 19, 4-13.
  • Kelman, H. C. (1961). Process of opinion change. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25, 57-78.
  • Koernig, S. K. and Boyd, T. C. (2009). To catch a tiger or let him go: the match-up effect & athlete endorsers for sport & non-sport brands. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 18, 25–37.
  • Lafferty, B. A. and Goldsmith, R. E. (1999). Corporate credibility’s role in consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions when a high versus a low credibility endorser is used in the ad. Journal of Business Research, 44, 109-116.
  • Lee, M. Y., Knight, D. and Kim, Y. K. (2008). Brand analysis of a us global brand in comparison with domestic brands in Mexico, Korea, & Japan. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 17, 163–174.
  • Lord, K. and Putrevu, S. (2009). Informational and transformational responses to celebrity endorsement. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 31, 1–13.
  • Magnini, V., Garcia, C. and Honeycutt, E. (2010). Identifying the attributes of an effective restaurant chain endorser. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51, 238–250.
  • Magnini, V., Garcia, C. and Honeycutt, E. (2008). Understanding the use of celebrity endorsers for hospitality firms. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14, 57–69.
  • MarketWatch (2006). A-list celebrity endorsements are failing to dazzle consumers. MarketWatch: Global Round Up, 5, 29–30.
  • McCracken, G. (1989). Who is celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the celebrity endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 310–321.
  • McCroskey, J.C. (1966). Scales for the measurement of ethos. Speech Monographs, 33, 65-72.
  • McGill, D.C. (1989). Star wars in cola advertising. New York Times, March 22, D1.
  • McGuire, W.J. (1985). Attitudes and attitude change. In G. Lindzey and E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology Vol. 2 (pp. 233346). New York: Random House.
  • Meenaghan, T. (1995). Advertising and Development of Marketing Imaginary. In T. Meenaghan and O’Sullivan (Eds.), Marketing Communications in Ireland (pp. 318-337). Dublin: Oak Tree Press.
  • Mills, J. and Aronson, E. (1965). Opinion change as a function of communicator’s attractiveness and desire to influence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 1, 173-177.
  • Misra, S. (1990). Celebrity spokesperson and brand congruence: an assessment of recall & affect. Journal of Business Research, 21, 159173.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1994). Psychometric Theory. (3rd ed.). New York: Mc.Graw-Hill.
  • Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction & validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 14, 390–414.
  • Petroshius, S. M. and Schulman, M. (1989). An empirical analysis of spokesperson characteristics on advertisement and product evaluation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 17, 217-225.
  • Petty, R. D. and D’Rozario, D. (2009). The use of dead celebrities in advertising and marketing: balancing interests in the right of publicity. Journal of Advertising, 38, 37–49.
  • Petty, R. E. and Cacioppo, J. T. (1980). Effects of issue involvement on attitudes in an advertising context. In G. G. Gom and M. E. Goldberg (Eds.). Proceedings of the Division 23 Program (pp. 75-79). Montreal: American Psychological Association.
  • Ratneshwar, S. S. and Chaiken, S. (1991). Comprehension’s role in persuasion: the case of its moderating effect on the persuasive impact of source cues. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 52-62.
  • Sherman, S. P. (1985). When you wish upon a star. Fortune, August 19, 68.
  • Shimp, T. E. (1997). Advertising, Promotion and Supplemental Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communication. (4th ed.). Fort Worth: The Dryden Press.
  • Singer, B. D. (1983). The case for using “real people” in advertising. Business Quarterly, 48, 32-37.
  • Smith, R. C. (1973). Source credibility context effects. Speech Monographs, 40, 303-309.
  • Solomon, M. R. (1996). Consumer Behavior. (3rd ed.). London: Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
  • Solomon, M. R., Bamossy, G. and Askegaard, S. (1999). Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
  • Speck, P. S., Schumann, D. W. and Thompson, C. (1988). Celebrity endorsements-scripts, schema and roles: theoretical framework and preliminary tests. In M .J. Houston (Ed.). Advances in Consumer Research (pp. 68-76).
  • Tan, T. and Ming, M. (2003). Leveraging on symbolic values & meanings in branding. The Journal of Brand Management, 10, 208–218.
  • Till, B. D. and Busler, M. (1998). Matching products with endorsers: attractiveness versus expertise. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 15, 576-586.
  • Tripp, C., Jensen, T. and Carlson, L. (1994). The effects of multiple product endorsements by celebrities on consumers’ attitudes and interests. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 535–547.
  • Veen, V. d. (2008). Analysis of the implementations of celebrity endorsement as a destination marketing instrument. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 24, 213–222.
  • Wheeler, R. (2003). Choosing celebrity endorsers: tips & traps. Nonprofit Worlds, 21, 17–20.
  • Whitehead, J. L. (1968). Factors of source credibility. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 54, 59-63.
  • Widgery, R. N. and Ruch, R. S. (1981). Beauty and the Machiavellian. Communication Quarterly, 29, 97-301.
  • Young, S. M. and Pinksy, D. (2006). Narcissism and celebrity. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 463 – 471.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

M. Mujiya Ulkhaq This is me

Andini R. Nurdianti This is me

Maya Kartika This is me

Vashanadia Astharina This is me

Publication Date March 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ulkhaq, M. M., Nurdianti, A. R., Kartika, M., Astharina, V. (2016). A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE SOURCE MODEL FOR CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT. Journal of Management Marketing and Logistics, 3(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2016116527

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