Assessment of Potentially Toxic Element Pollution in Tributaries of Mogan Lake, Türkiye

Abstract

In this study, four tributaries (Başpınar, Gölcük, Sukesen and Yavrucak Creeks) of Mogan lake under anthropogenic pressure and declared as a Special Environmental Protection Area were investigated with the following goals: a) Determination of the variations in potentially toxic element concentrations (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) in the creek waters between different months (December 2002, February 2023, April 2023), b) Calculation of potentially toxic elements indexes (Heavy Metal Pollution Index-HPI and Heavy Metal Evaluation Index-HEI) in terms of irrigation water quality, based on international and national values, c) Determination of the potential ecological risk (PER) status of the creeks in terms of irrigation water quality, d) Comparison of potentially toxic element concentrations with the environmental quality standard values specified in the current “Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation”. According to the findings; a) In terms of overall potentially toxic element levels, the creeks are ranked as follows: Başpınar Creek> Sukesen Creek>Gölcük Creek>Yavrucak Creek. The heavy metal As was identified as having the highest contribution to metal pollution and the potentially toxic element concentrations in all creeks in February and April were found to be higher compared to that in December, b) The HPI value was found to be less than 15 for all months and creeks, with the highest HPI value of 13.21 calculated in Başpınar Creek in February, c) The HEI values were found to be less than 10 (ranging from 0.02 to 0.84), indicating a low level of potentially toxic element pollution according to this index, d) In terms of irrigation water quality, all creeks exhibited a low level of PER, with the highest PER value of 13.54 belonging to Başpınar Creek, e) The detected potentially toxic element concentrations in all four creeks did not exceed the maximum EQS values provided. In this context, it has been determined that the potentially toxic element levels in creek waters, due to anthropogenic activities, are not currently causing significant pollution. However, it is noted that Başpınar Creek is at a higher risk compared to other creeks. Furthermore, because of the ongoing anthropogenic activities in the basin, long-term metal monitoring studies are important in terms of the sustainability of Lake Mogan.

Keywords

• Potentially toxic elements
• Pollution
• Surface waters
• Creeks
• Mogan Lake

Mogan Gölü’nü (Türkiye) Besleyen Derelerde Potansiyel Toksik Element Kirliliğinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada. antropojenik baskı altındaki bir havzada konumlanan ve Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi olarak ilan edilen Mogan Gölü’nü besleyen dere (Başpınar, Gölcük, Sukesen ve Yavrucak Deresi) sularında; a) Potansiyel toksik elementlerin (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) dereler ve aylar (Aralık-2002, Şubat 2023, Nisan-2023) arası farklılığının belirlenmesi, b) Sulama suyu kalitesi açısından ağır metal indekslerinin (Heavy Metal Pollution Index-HPI and Heavy Metal Evaluation Index-HEI) uluslararası ve ulusal değerler esas alınarak hesaplanması, c) Derelerin sulama suyu kalitesi açısından potansiyel ekolojik risk (PER) durumunun tespit edilmesi, d) Potansiyel toksik element konsantrasyonlarının yürürlükte olan -Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği- kapsamında belirtilen çevresel kalite standard değerleri ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bulgular doğrultusunda, a) Tüm potansiyel toksik element düzeyleri açısından dereler; Başpınar Creek>Sukesen Creek>Gölcük Creek>Yavrucak Creek olarak sıralanmıştır. Derelerdeki metal kirliliğinde payı en çok olan ağır metal As iken, tüm derelerde şubat-nisan ayı ağır metal konsantrasyonları, aralık ayına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur, b) Tüm ay ve derelerde HPI değeri 15’den küçük bulunurken, en yüksek HPI değeri 13.21 olarak Başpınar Deresi’nde şubat ayında hesaplanmıştır, c) HEI değerleri ise 10’dan küçük (0.02-0.84) saptandığından bu indis açısından da düşük düzeyde ağır metal kirliliği belirlenmiştir, d) Tüm derelerde sulama suyu kalitesi açısından düşük düzeyde PER söz konusu olup, en yüksek PER değeri 13.54 ile yine Başpınar Deresi’ne aittir, e) Dört derede de tespit edilen ağır metal konsantrasyonları, Max.-EQS için verilen sınır değerleri aşmamıştır. Bu bağlamda, antropojenik faaliyetlerden dolayı dere sularındaki ağır metal seviyelerinin şu an için ciddi boyutlarda kirlilik yaratmadığı ancak özellikle Başpınar Deresi’nin diğer derelere göre daha fazla risk altında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca havzadaki antropojenik faaliyetlerin süregelmesi nedeniyle, uzun-dönemli metal izleme çalışmaları Mogan Gölü’nün sürdürülebilirliği açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

• Potansiyel toksik elementler
• Kirlenme
• Yüzey suları
• Dereler
• Mogan Gölü

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