Türkiye'deki Ekogenotoksikolojik Çalışmalarda Balık Mikroçekirdek Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Son yıllarda, dünya genelinde ekogenotoksikolojik çalışmalar özellikle sucul ekosistemlerde yürütülmektedir. Kirliliğin biyoizlenmesine yönelik olarak genotoksisite testlerinin sıklıkla kullanımı da dikkat çekmektedir. Sunulan çalışmada, Türkiye’de çevresel kirliliğin biyoizlenmesinde Comet, Mikroçekirdek, Floresan in Situ Hibridizasyon, Kromozomal aberasyon ve Kardeş kromatid değişimi genotoksisite testlerinin kullanımı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla 1970-2016 tarihleri arasında yapılmış olan balık türlerinde olası genotoksik hasarın araştırıldığı çalışmalar analiz edilmiştir. Literatür araştırması sonucunda en fazla çalışmanın 2011 yılında yapıldığı ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Çalışmaların %83.33’ünde mikroçekirdek, %30.55’inde comet, %5.55’inde kromozomal aberasyon deneyi ve %2.77’sinde kardeş kromatid değişimi deneyi kullanılmıştır. Ekogenotoksikolojik çalışmalarda en fazla kullanılan deney Mikroçekirdek deneyidir. Mikroçekirdek deney sonuçlarına yönelik yapılmış olan istatistiksel analiz sonucunda eritrosit ve solungaç hücreleri arasında mikroçekirdek sonuçları bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılılık bulunmadığı (p>0.05) ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Sunulan çalışma Türkiye’de yapılmış olan ekotoksikolojik çalışmalarda genotoksisite testlerinin değerlendirildiği ilk çalışmadır. 4 R kuramında “iyileştirme” ilkesi dikkate alındığında, çalışma sonuçlarımız mikroçekirdek deneyinde periferal eritrositler yerine solungaç hücrelerinin kullanımının daha uygun olabileceğini göstermektedir. 

Keywords

• Genotoksisite,
• Mikroçekirdek
• Çevresel Kirlilik
• Sucul Toksisite
• Ekotoksikoloji

Evaluation of Fish Micronucleus Results in Turkish Ecogenotoxicological Studies

Abstract

In recent years, ecotoxicological studies have been conducted around the world, especially in aquatic ecosystems. It is noteworthy that genotoxicity tests have been frequently used in the biomonitoring of pollution. The present study evaluates genotoxicity tests including comet assays, micronucleus assays, fluorescent in-situ hybridization assays, chromosomal aberration assays, and sister chromatid exchange assays used in fish species for biomonitoring of environmental pollution in Turkey. Thirty-six ecotoxicological studies, which aimed to investigate possible genotoxic damage in fish species between the years 1970 and 2016, were analyzed. As a result of the literature review, it was concluded that the largest number of studies were done in 2011. There were micronucleus assays in 83.33%, comet assays in 30.55%, chromosomal aberration assays in 5.55%, and sister chromatid exchange experiments in 2.77% of the studies. Most of the micronucleus experiments were performed in eco-genotoxicological studies. Our results show that there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the erythrocyte and gill samples in the micronucleus results from the studies. This study is the first assessment of the use of genotoxicity tests in ecotoxicological studies in Turkey. Considering the principle of refinement in 4 R theory our results show that the use of gill cells instead of peripheral erythrocytes would be more appropriate in micronucleus assays.

Keywords

• Genotoxicity
• micronucleus
• environmental pollution
• aquatic toxicity
• ecotoxicology

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