Antalya Körfezi’ndeki Posidonia oceanica Deniz Çayırının Yaprak Boyu ve Biyokütle Miktarının Akustiksel Tahminleri

Abstract

Deniz tabanındaki bitkiler deniz sağlığının göstergesi olarak önemli bir rol oynarlar ve sonar sistemleri çevre koşuların ani değişimleri durumundadeniz tabanı bitki örtüsünün ayrıntılı gözlem ve değerlendirmesini sağlayabilir. Bu tür çalışmalar için değişik akustik teknikler mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, 206 kHz frekanslı split beam ekosounder kullanılmıştır. Akustik çalışma esnasında, eşzamanlı dalış seferleri de yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı BioSonics EcoSAV ticari yazılımı kullanarak Antalya Körfezi’nin (Türkiye) Lara-Manavgat arasındaki bölgede bulunan Posidonia oceanica yaprak boyu tahmini yapmak ve mevsimsel dağılım haritasını çıkartmaktır. Program parametrelerinin hesaplanması ve deniz tabanındaki hedef olmayan diğer türlerden P. oceanica’nın ayrılabilmesi ve P. oceanica çayırının akustik olarak tanımlanmasında PAST 3.05 (PAleontological STatistics) istatistik programı, kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta, çalışma alanında 3 büyük deniz çayırı yatağının var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek yaprak boyu Temmuz ayında ve 80–90 cm olarak, daha kısa yaprak boyu ise Nisan/Mayıs aylarında (70–80 cm) en kısa yaprak boyu ise Ocak ayında (40–50 cm) ölçülmüştür. Yaprak biyokütlesi mevsimsel olarak 100 ve 1000 g/m2 arasında değişmiştir ve deniz tabanı derinliği ile azalmıştır. Bu metodun, sucul bitkilerin dağılımı gibi mevsimsel habitat parametrelerinin haritalanması ve izlenmesinde etkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Akustik Tanımlama
• Deniz Çayırı
• Yaprak Boyu
• Biyokütle
• Alansal ve Zamansal Dağılım

Acoustic estimates of leaf height and biomass of Posidonia oceanica meadow in Gulf of Antalya, the eastern Mediterranean

Abstract

Vegetation cover on the sea floor plays an important role in marine health, and sonar systems can provide detailed observation and evaluation of sea floor vegetation under rapidly changing environmental conditions. Various acoustic techniques are available for this purpose. In this study, a split beam echo sounder operating at a frequency of 206 kHz was employed. Simultaneous dive expeditions were performed for direct acoustic observations. The aim of this study was to use the BioSonics EcoSAV software program to generate acoustic estimates of leaf height and create seasonal distribution maps in Posidonia oceanica meadows distributed between Lara and Manavgat in the Gulf of Antalya (Turkey). Calculation of program parameters by species and acoustic identification of P. oceanica were carried out with the aid of the PAST 3.05 (PAleontological STatistics) statistics program, enabling isolation of P. oceanica and other non-target species from the sea floor. The results revealed three major meadow beds in the study area. The maximum leaf height was observed in July (80–90 cm), followed by April/May (70–80 cm), with the shortest leaf height in January (40–50 cm). The biomass of the leaves varied seasonally between 100 and 1000 g/m2 and decreased by the seafloor depth in a year. This method proved effective for mapping and monitoring important seasonal habitat parameters such as the distribution of aquatic vegetation.

Keywords

• Acoustic identification
• meadow
• leaf height
• biomass
• temporal and spatial distribution

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