Community Structure of Gurnards in Relation to Different Environmental Variables in Antalya Gulf

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 161 - 182, 25.12.2024

Erhan Mutlu , Ilaria De Meo , Claudia Miglietta , Mehmet Cengiz Deval

https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1557616

Abstract

Fish assemblages have not been studied at the family level using comprehensive environmental variables. Ecological studies focusing on spatiotemporal density (abundance and biomass) and morphometry (size and inter-traits relationships) of fish species have been highly limited in the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in the Turkish Levant coast. Gurnards (Family: Triglidae) have received little attention in ecological research. In the present study, in order to outline the spatiotemporal dynamic of density and morphometry in space (region and bottom depth) and time (season) alongside environmental parameters, gurnards collected seasonally from a study conducted on shelf/shelf break of the Antalya Gulf in 2014-2015 (de Meo et al. 2018) were studied. A total of 79 stations were sampled in year period (22 stations in May, 17 in August, 21 in October and 19 in February). Of the total stations, occurrence of the gurnards in stations varied between 4 (Trigla lyra) and 34 (Lepidotrigla cavillone). The gurnards were represented by six species in Antalya Gulf. In general, the small-sized specimens (L. cavillone and L. dieuzeidei < 15 cm) outnumbered the larger specimens (Chelidonichthys lucerna, C. cuculus, C. lastoviza and T. lyra) in the gurnard population. The species were significantly differentiated by the bottom depth, followed by the depth-gradient environment. Shallow water, middle shelf and deeper water species were distinguished among the six species. The gurnards avoided the seagrass meadows. Only Chelidonichthys lastoviza was found close to the meadow beds. Small-sized species had more abundance than large-sized species on bare bottoms. Large-sized species exhibited greater sizes in eutrophic areas compared to those in oligotrophic areas, whereas small-sized species had similar sizes in both trophic states, leading to differences in their growth types. Overall, females outnumbered the males for all species and the species exhibited a size-dependent sexual dimorphism with the females being longer and heavier than the males. Assemblage of six gurnard species was correlated with depth, thus bottom type (coarse to fine material of sediment from coast to open water) and chl-a and fine bioseston. With respect to fish-epibenthic fauna relation, the gurnard community was correlated primarily with Decapoda and Holothuroidea and secondarily with Crinoidea, followed by Ophiuroidea. The gurnards were distributed specifically at different depths of the shelf/break, preferring bare bottoms in general with depth-graded environment in space and time.

Keywords

Gurnards, density, fish traits, ecological distribution in space and time, the Levantine Sea

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that all applicable guidelines for sampling, care and experimental use of animals in the study have been followed in compliance with ethical standards approved by the Akdeniz University (Protocol no: 2013.12.03).

Supporting Institution

the Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Akdeniz University

Project Number

2014.01.0111.001

Thanks

The present study was funded by the Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Akdeniz University, within framework of a project, Project no: 2014.01.0111.001, principally coordinated by Erhan Mutlu. This study was a part of Ilaria de Meo’s MSc thesis co-supervised by Erhan Mutlu and Claudia Miglietta’s MSc thesis co-supervised by M. Cengiz Deval. We thank Ahmet Şahin, M. Tunca Olguner and Cansu Olguner, and crew of “R/V Akdeniz Su” for their helps on board.

Antalya Körfezi'ndeki Farklı Çevresel Değişkenlere Bağlı Olarak Kırlangıç Balıklarının Topluluk Yapısı

Abstract

Balık toplulukları kapsamlı çevresel değişkenlerle familya düzeyinde incelenmemiştir. Balık türlerinin mekansal-zamansal yoğunluğunu (bolluk ve biyokütle) ve morfometrisini (boyut ve aralarındaki ilişkiler) belirlemek için ekolojik çalışma Akdeniz'de, özellikle Türk Levant kıyılarında oldukça sınırlı olmuştur. Ekolojik çalışma için göz ardı edilen balık familyalarından olan Triglidea'dır. Mekansal (bölge ve dip derinliği) ve zamansal (mevsim) yoğunluk ve morfometrinin mekansal-zamansal dinamiklerini çevresel parametrelerle özetlemek için, 2014-2015 yıllarında Antalya Körfezi'nin kıta sahanlığı/sahan kırığında yürütülen bir çalışmadan mevsimsel olarak toplanan kırlangıç balıkları değerlendirilmiş ve ardından istatistiksel analizler kullanılarak yorumlanmıştır (de Meo ve ark. 2018). Yıl içindetoplam 79 istasyon örneklendi (22 istasyon Mayıs'ta, 17 istasyon Ağustos'ta, 21 istasyon Ekim'de ve 19 istasyon Şubat'ta). Toplam istasyonlarda, gurnard balığının varlığı 4 (Trigla lyra) ile 34 istasyon (Lepidotrigla cavillone) arasında değişti. Kırlangıç balıkları Antalya Körfezi'nde altı türle temsil edilmiştir. Genel olarak, kırlangıç balık türü popülasyonunda küçük boyutlu türler (L. cavillone ve L. dieuzeidei < 15 cm) büyük türlerden (Chelidonichthys lucerna, C. cuculus, C. lastoviza, ve T. lyra) sayıca daha fazlaydı. Örnekler, dip derinliğine, ardından derinlik bağlı çevresel parametrelere göre önemli ölçüde farklılaşmıştır. Altı tür arasında sığ su, orta sahan ve daha derin su türleri ayırt edilmiştir. Kırlangıç balıkları çayırlık alandan uzak kaldı. Çayır yatağına yakın sadece Chelidonichthys lastoviza bulundu. Çayırların bulunmadığı çıplak dipte, küçük boylu türler büyük boylu türlerden daha fazla bolluğa sahipti. Daha büyük boylu türler ötrofik alana kıyasla oligotrofik alanda daha küçük boyuta sahipti, ancak küçük boyutlu türler karşılaştırmalı olarak benzer aralıklarda ölçüldü, bu da karşılaştırmada büyüme tipini değiştirdi. Genel olarak, tüm türlerde dişi bireyler erkeklerden daha fazlaydı ve türler boyut olarak eşeysel dimorfizme sahipti; dişi bireyler erkeklerden daha uzun ve daha ağırdı. Altı kırlangıç balığı türünün topluluğu dip derinliğiyle, dolayısıyla dip tipi (kıyıdan açık su tabanına kadar sedimanın kaba ila ince malzemesi) ve chl-a ve ince biyosestonla ilişkilendirildi. Balık-epibentik fauna ilişkisi açısından, kırlangıç balık topluluğu öncelikle Decapoda ve Holothuroidea ile ve ikincil olarak Crinoidea ile, ardından Ophiuroidea ile ilişkilendirildi. Kırlangıç balıkları, kıta sahanlığın/kırığın farklı derinliklerine tür bazında dağılmış olup, genel olarak mekansal ve zamansal dip derinliği bağlı çevre ile çıplak dipleri tercih etmektedir.

Keywords

Kırlangıç balıkları, Yoğunluk, Balık karakterleri, Mekansal-zamansal ekolojik dağılım, Levantin Denizi

Project Number

2014.01.0111.001

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