Çanakkale Rekreasyonel Kıyı Sularında Antibiyotik Dirençli Bakterilerin İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 87 - 96, 14.07.2025

Belgin Kılıç Çetinkaya , Mine Çardak

https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1684096

Abstract

Bu çalışma, artan kentleşme, denizcilik faaliyetleri ve mevsimsel turizm nedeniyle insan kaynaklı baskı altındaki Türkiye’nin Çanakkale Boğazı kıyılarındaki rekreasyonel sularda antibiyotik dirençli bakterilerin yaygınlığını araştırmaktadır. 2024 yaz döneminde, 14 farklı rekreasyonel kıyı noktasından alınan yüzey deniz suyu örneklerinden toplam 211 bakteri izolatı elde edilmiştir. Bu izolatlar, VITEK® 2 Compact sistemi kullanılarak tanımlanmış ve CLSI (2018) standartlarına uygun şekilde Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ile 15 farklı antibiyotiğe karşı test edilmiştir.Sonuçlar, en yüksek direnç oranlarının sırasıyla vankomisin (%92,89), kanamisin (%81,04) ve sülfonamidler grubu (%64,45) antibiyotiklere karşı geliştiğini göstermiştir. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indeks değerleri 0.14 ile 0.71 arasında değişmiş; izolatların %95’inden fazlası ≥ 0.2 değerinde bulunarak yüksek riskli çevresel maruziyeti işaret etmiştir. En sık izole edilen çoklu dirençli bakteri türleri arasında Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus intermedius ve Bacillus cereus yer almıştır.Türkiye’de yapılan diğer denizel çalışmalarla karşılaştırmalı analizler, Çanakkale kıyı sularının antibiyotik kontaminasyonundan önemli ölçüde etkilendiğini doğrulamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, direnç genlerinin kıyı ekosistemlerinde yayılımını önlemek amacıyla düzenli çevresel izleme ve atık su arıtma stratejilerinin güçlendirilmesi gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, denizel antibiyotik dirençliliği konusunda ulusal veri tabanı için temel veri sağlamakta ve rekreasyonel su yoluyla dirençli bakterilere maruz kalmanın halk sağlığı açısından oluşturduğu risklerin altını çizmektedir.

Keywords

antibiyotik dirençliliği , heteretrofik bakteri , deniz suyu , Çanakkele Boğazı

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that this study did not include any experiments with human or animal subjects.

Supporting Institution

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Project Unit fi¬nancially supported this study (COMU BAP Project/ FYL-4336 )

Project Number

COMU BAP Project/ FYL-4336

Thanks

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects Unit (COMU BAP Project No: FYL-4336). The authors would also like to express their sincere thanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oğuz Tunç and Mehmet Can from the Faculty of Fine Arts for their valuable contributions to the improvement of the maps and geographical coordinates used in this study. We are also grateful to Assist. Prof. Dr. Didem Hekimoğlu Tunç from the Department of Health Management, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, for her valuable technical support.

Assessment of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Recreational Coastal Waters of Çanakkale, Türkiye

Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in recreational coastal waters along the Çanakkale Strait (Türkiye), a region experiencing increasing anthropogenic pressure from urbanization, maritime activity, and seasonal tourism. A total of 211 bacterial isolates were obtained from surface seawater samples collected at 14 different recreational coastal sites during the summer season of 2024. These isolates were identified using the VITEK® 2 Compact system and tested against 15 antibiotics via the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, following CLSI (2018) guidelines. The results revealed alarmingly high resistance rates, with vancomycin (92.89%), kanamycin (81.04%), and sulphonamides (64.45%) being the most affected. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.14 to 0.71, with over 95% of isolates scoring ≥ 0.2, indicating exposure to high-risk environments. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus intermedius and Bacillus cereus were among the most frequently isolated multidrug-resistant species. Comparative analysis with other marine studies from Türkiye confirms that Çanakkale’s coastal waters are significantly impacted by antibiotic contamination. The findings highlight the urgent need for regular surveillance and enhanced wastewater treatment strategies to mitigate the spread of resistance genes in coastal ecosystems. This study contributes essential baseline data to the national inventory on marine antibiotic resistance and underscores the public health risks posed by recreational waterborne exposure to resistant bacteria.

Keywords

antibiotic resistance , Heterotrophic , bacteria , marine water , Çanakkale Strait

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that this study did not include any experiments with human or animal subjects.

Supporting Institution

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Project Unit fi¬nancially supported this study (COMU BAP Project/ FYL-4336 )

Project Number

COMU BAP Project/ FYL-4336

Thanks

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects Unit (COMU BAP Project No: FYL-4336). The authors would also like to express their sincere thanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oğuz Tunç and Mehmet Can from the Faculty of Fine Arts for their valuable contributions to the improvement of the maps and geographical coordinates used in this study. We are also grateful to Assist. Prof. Dr. Didem Hekimoğlu Tunç from the Department of Health Management, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, for her valuable technical support.

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