COMPULSORY EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE AND INSURANCE SUBSIDY IN TURKEY

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 159 - 173, 30.06.2025

Hatice Özlem Yalaz

Abstract

As in the rest of the world, climate change, global warming and the degradation of natural environments are causing the frequency and impact of natural disasters to increase in Turkey. There are basically two systems for covering the damages caused by natural disasters and the material losses of the society. First, the state compensates the damage with the taxes of the society and holds all citizens fully responsible for the damage/loss. In the second system, the state does not guarantee the reconstruction of buildings except for first aid, search and rescue in natural disasters. Generally, insurance against frequently occurring natural disasters is applied compulsorily for some and optionally for others. The state has a large subsidy in the obligations undertaken by the insurance with compulsory insurances. In this study, compulsory earthquake insurance and optional earthquake insurance applications were evaluated in terms of insurance law, general conditions, damage and recommendations after the earthquake disaster that affected Kahramanmaraş and 10 provinces on February 6, 2023.
In particular, compulsory earthquake insurance coverage, damage assessment and problems experienced in practice must be addressed within the scope of legal legislation and the principle of covering real damage, and the coverage must be updated throughout the year and the insurance rate must be increased to reach large numbers.

Keywords

Insurance, Earthquake Insurance, Insurance Subsidy

COMPULSORY EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE AND INSURANCE SUBSIDY IN TURKEY

Abstract

İklim değişikliği ve doğal çevrelerin bozulması, Türkiye'de ve dünyada doğal afetlerin sıklığının artmasına ve hasarların artmasına neden olmaktadır. Toplumun doğal afet hasarlarının etkilerinden korunması için özellikle iki sistem bulunmaktadır. Birincisi, devlet zararı toplumun vergileriyle tazmin eder ve tüm vatandaşı hasardan/zarardan tam olarak sorumlu tutar. İkinci sistemde ise devlet, doğal afetlerde ilk yardım, arama ve kurtarma dışında binaların yeniden inşasını garanti etmez. Genellikle, sıkça meydana gelen doğal afetlere karşı sigorta, bazıları için zorunlu, bazıları için isteğe bağlı olarak yapılır. Sigortanın yükümlülüklerinde ise devletten büyük bir sübvansiyon bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 6 Şubat 2023'te Kahramanmaraş'ı ve 10 ili etkileyen deprem felaketinden sonra, zorunlu deprem sigortası ve isteğe bağlı deprem sigortası uygulamaları sigorta hukuku, genel şartlar, hasar ve öneriler açısından değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Sigorta, Deprem Sigortası, Zorunlu Deprem Sigortası, İhtiyari Deprem Sigortası

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