The Identification of Relationships of the Quality of Lives of Puerperal Women, Who are Registered to Certain Family Health Centers in Tokat Province of Türkiye, With Their Support Needs and The Support Received by Them in the Postpartum Period

Abstract

Background: The postpartum period is of critical importance to the health of the mother and newborn. It is presumed that the social support given during this period is likely to provide numerous benefits for the health of the mother, newborn, family, and accordingly the society. Objectives: This research was conducted to evaluate puerperal women’s needs for support, the support received by them, and the quality of their lives and identify the relationships between these variables. Methods: This descriptive and correlational research included a sample of 270 puerperal women registered at nine family health centers in Tokat province of Türkiye. The research data were collected by using the Introductory Information Form, the Postpartum Support Questionnaire, and the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire. In the evaluation of the data; descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, Mann Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, LSD Post Hoc test and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Results: In this research, the mean scores obtained by puerperal women from the “importance of the need” scale and the “received support” scale of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire were found respectively as 122.24±49.51 and 140.54±43.57 whilst the mean of puerperal women’s Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire scores was 23.51±3.25. Also, in the research, it was found that puerperal women’s Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire scores had statistically significant negative relationships with scores obtained by them from the “importance of the need” scale of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire (r=-.30, p=.000) and its material support sub-scale (r=-.30, p=.000), emotional support sub-scale (r=-.30, p=.000), and informational support sub-scale (r=-.25, p=.000). Besides, it was identified that puerperal women’s Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire scores had statistically significant positive relationships with scores obtained by them from the material support sub-scale (r=.24, p=.000) and emotional support sub-scale (r=.12, p=.000) of the “received support” scale of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire. Conclusion: In this research, it was found that the need for support felt by puerperal women was not at a significant level whilst the support received by puerperal women for this need was excessive. There was a relationship between the support needs of the postpartum women in the postpartum period and the support they receive and their quality of life. In order to improve the quality of life of puerperal women, health professionals working in primary health care, especially midwives and nurses, should inform the woman and her family about the importance of postpartum social support and help plan the social support program in line with the needs of puerperal women.

Keywords

• Postpartum Period
• Puerperal Woman
• Social Support
• Quality of Life

Tokat İlindeki Bazı Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine Kayıtlı Lohusaların Doğum Sonrası Dönemde Destek Gereksinimleri ve Aldıkları Destek ile Yaşam Kaliteleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Giriş: Doğum sonrası dönem, anne ve yenidoğan sağlığı açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu dönemde sağlanan sosyal desteğin anne, yenidoğan, aile ve dolayısıyla toplum sağlığı için çok sayıda fayda sağlayabileceği varsayılmaktadır. Amaç: Bu araştırma, lohusaların destek ihtiyaçları ve aldıkları destek ile yaşam kalitelerini değerlendirmek ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı–ilişki arayıcı araştırmanın örneklemini, Tokat iline bağlı dokuz merkez ASM’ye kayıtlı 270 lohusa oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın verileri, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Doğum Sonrası Destek Ölçeği ve Doğum Sonu Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; tanımlayıcı istatistikler, independent samples t-testi, Mann-Whitney U testi, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H testi, LSD Post Hoc testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bu araştırmada lohusaların Doğum Sonrası Destek Ölçeği ihtiyacın önemi alt boyutu puan ortalaması 122.24±49.51, alınan destek boyutu toplam puan ortalaması 140.54±43.57 olarak bulunmuştur. Lohusaların aldıkları Doğum Sonu Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği puan ortalaması 23.51±3.25’tir. Araştırmada lohusaların Doğum Sonu Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği puan ortalaması ile Doğum Sonu Destek Ölçeği’ nin ihtiyacın önemi boyutunun maddi destek (r=-.30, p=.000), duygusal destek (r=-.30, p=.000), bilgi desteği alt boyut (r=-.25, p=.000) ve toplam puan ortalamaları (r=-.30, p=.000) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu; Doğum Sonu Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği puan ortalaması ile Doğum Sonrası Destek Ölçeği’ nin alınan destek boyutunun maddi destek (r=.24, p=.000) ve duygusal destek alt boyutu (r=.12, p=.000) arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif yönde ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu araştırmada lohusaların hissettikleri destek ihtiyacının önemli düzeyde olmadığı ve ihtiyaca yönelik alınan desteğin çok fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. Lohusaların doğum sonrası dönemde destek ihtiyaçları ve aldıkları destek ile yaşam kaliteleri arasında ilişki bulunmaktadır. Lohusaların yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan sağlık profesyonelleri, özellikle ebeler ve hemşireler kadını ve ailesini doğum sonrası sosyal desteğin önemi konusunda bilgilendirmeli ve lohusaların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda sosyal destek programının planlanmasına yardımcı olmalıdır.

Keywords

• Doğum Sonrası Dönem
• Lohusa Kadın
• Sosyal Destek
• Yaşam Kalitesi

References

1. Akbay, A.S., & Taşçı-Duran, E. (2018). How does spousal support affect women’s quality of life in the postpartum period in Turkish culture? Asian Women, 34(3), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.14431/aw.2018.09.34.3.29
2. Aksakallı, M., Çapık, A., Ejder Apay, S., Pasinlioğlu, T., & Bayram, S. (2012). Determination of support needs and post-partum support levels of post-partum women. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 3(3), 129-135. https://phdergi.org/TR/jvi.aspx?pdir=phd&plng=tur&un=PHD-57441&look4=
3. Altınayak, S.Ö., & Özkan, H. (2017). Assessment of mothers’ life-quality in relation to the provided supports dur-ing the postpartum period. International Refereed Journal of Gynaecological Diseases and Maternal Child Health, 79-101.
4. Altuntuğ, K., & Ege, E. (2012). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of maternal postpartum quality of life questionnaire. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 15(3), 214-222. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunihem/issue/2658/34334
5. Aşcı, Ö., & Gökdemir, F. (2019). The perceived social support and psychosocial health status in women with in-tended and unintended pregnancy. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, 5 (9), 62-75. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jihsam/issue/49779/589458
6. Baghirzada, L., Downey, K.N., & Macarthur, A.J. (2013). Assessment of quality of life indicators in the postpartum period. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 22(3), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.03.010
7. Bağcı, S., & Altuntuğ, K. (2016). Problems experienced by mothers in postpartum period and their associations with quality of life. Journal of Human Sciences,13(2), 3266-3279. https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/3884
8. Baheiraei, A., Mirghafourvand, M., Mohammadi, E., Charandabi, S.M.A., & Nedjat, S. (2012). Social support for women of reproductive age and its predictors: a population-based study. BMC Womens Health, 12(30), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-12-30

9. Baker, B., McGrath, J.M., Pickler, R., Jallo, N., & Cohen, S. (2013). Competence and responsiveness in mothers of late preterm infants versus term infants. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 42(3), 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/1552-6909.12026
10. Bal, Z., Kantar, E.C., & Uçar, T. (2021). The Relationship of loneliness with social support, breastfeeding, and ma-ternal attachment. University of Health Sciences Journal of Nursing, 3(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.833156
11. Borgonovi, F., & Pokropek, A. (2016). Education and self-reported health: Evidence from 23 countries on the role of years of schooling, cognitive skills and social capital. PLoS ONE, 11(2), e0149716. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149716
12. Chauhan, G., & Tadi, P. (2020). Physiology, postpartum changes. In: StatPearls[internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Dec - . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32310364/.
13. Clarke-Deelder, E., Opondo, K., Oguttu, M., Burke, T., Cohen, JL., & McConnell, M. (2023). Immediate postpar-tum care in low- and middle-income countries: A gap in healthcare quality research and practice. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 5(2S):100764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100764
14. Cho, H., Lee, K., Choi, E., Cho, H.N., Park, B., Suh, M., … Choi, K.S. (2022). Association between social support and postpartum depression. Scientific Reports, 12, 3128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07248-7
15. Çelik, A.S., Türkoğlu, N., & Pasinlioğlu, T. (2014). Examination of the postpartum life quality of mothers. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 17(3), 151-157. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunihem/issue/2666/34664
16. Çolak, M.B., Akın, B., & Turfan, E.Ç. (2019). The evaluation of the effect of delivery method on postpartum fa-tigue and quality of life in women who give birth for the first time. Life Sciences, 14(2), 30-40. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nwsals/issue/45003/501652#article_cite
17. Demir, R., & Taşpınar, A. (2021). The effect of prenatal education on postpartum quality of life. Balıkesir Health Sciences Journal, 10(2), 155-165. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/balikesirsbd/issue/64743/794309
18. Dikmen, R., & Topuz, S. (2021). The effect of postpartum quality of life upon maternal attachment. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 14(2), 1448. http://www.internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/docs/70_topuz_original_14-2.pdf
19. Dodou, H.D., Rodrigues, D.P., Costa, A.C., Oriá, M.O., Castro, R.C., Queiroz, A.B., … Queiroz A.B.A. (2016). Self-care and empowerment in postpartum: social representations of puerperae. International Archives of Medicine, 9(170), 1-11. https://repositorio.ufc.br/bitstream/riufc/20082/1/2016_art_hddodou.pdf
20. Emmanuel, E., St John, W., & Sun, J. ( 2012). Relationship between social support and quality of life in childbear-ing women during the perinatal period. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 41(6), E62-E70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01400.x
21. Ertürk, N. (2007). Adaptation of the postpartum support questionnaire into Turkish society (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ege University Institute of Health Sciences. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=DeAeoIQBfCERJFNx-pD1xA&no=0zkb2lGVlTjkMQlQ5na-xg
22. Eslahi, Z., Bahrami, N., Allen, K.A., & Alimoradi, Z. (2021). Spouse’s social support in the postpartum period, predictors and its relationship with postpartum depression in a sample of Iranian primiparous women. International Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics, 154(1), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13488
23. Gülşen, C., & Merih, Y.D. (2018). What support do postpartum mothers expect, and from whom? Journal of Wom-en’s Health Nursing Jowhen, 4(1), 20-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kashed/issue/37442/322051
24. Hajipoor, S., Pakseresht, S., Niknami, M., Atrkar Roshan, Z., & Nikandish, S. (2021). The relationship between so-cial support and postpartum depression. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 31(2), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.32598/jhnm.31.2.1099
25. Hill, P.D., Aldag, J.C., Hekel, B., Riner, G., & Bloomfield, P. (2006). Maternal postpartum quality of life question-naire. Journal of Nursing Meassurement, 14(3), 205-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnm-v14i3a005
26. Jeong, Y.J., Nho, J.H., Kim, H.Y., & Kim, J.Y. (2021). Factors influencing quality of life in early postpartum wom-en. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062988
27. Kaya, N., & Aksoy, Ö.D. (2021). The effects of postpartum social support on the functional status of women. The Journal of Health Sciences of Mersin University, 14 (3), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.833413
28. Khademi, K., Kaveh, M.H., Ghahremani, L., Nazari, M., & Karimi, M. (2023). The impact of family social support on postpartum quality of life among Iranian women: structural equation modelling. The Journal of International Medical Research, 51(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/030006052211471
29. Logsdon, M.C., Usui, W., Birkimer, J.C., & McBride, A.B. (1996). The Postpartum support questionnaire: reliabil-ity and validity. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 4(2), 129-142. https://doi:10.1891/1061-3749.4.2.129
30. Martínez-Galiano., J.M., Hernández-Martínez, A., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., & Delgado-Rodríguez, M. (2019). Quality of life of women after giving birth: associated factors related with the birth process. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030324
31. Mogos, M.F., August, E.M., Salinas-Miranda, A.A., Sultan, D.H., & Salihu, H.M. (2013). A systematic review of quality of life measures in pregnant and postpartum mothers. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 8(2), 219-250. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23734167/
32. Negron, R., Martin, A., Almog, M., Balbierz, A., & Howell, E.A. (2013). Social support during the postpartum peri-od: Mothers’ views on needs, expectations, and mobilization of support. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(4), 616–623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-1037-4
33. Prates, L.A., Schmalfuss, J.M., & Lipinski, J.M. (2015). Social support network of post-partum mothers in the prac-tice of breastfeeding. Escola Anna Nery, 19(2), 310-315. https://doi.org/10.5935/1414-8145.20150042
34. Rahayuningsih, F.B., & Zulaicha, E. (2014). Social support for the quality of life postpartum mothers in Sukodono subdistrict Sragen regency. Indonesian Nursing Journal of Education and Clinic, 1(1), 45-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v1i1.51
35. Razurel, C., & Kaiser, B. (2015). The role of satisfaction with social support on the psychological health of primipa-rous mothers in the perinatal period. Women Health, 55(2), 167-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2014.979969
36. Slomian, J., Emonts, P., Vigneron, L., Acconcia, A., Glowacz, F., Reginster, J.Y., …Bruyère, O. (2017). Identifying maternal needs following childbirth: A qualitative study among mothers, fathers and professionals. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1398-1
37. Taşkın, L., 2016. Postpartum period. In: Labor and women’s health nursing. 13th edition. Ankara: Reaksiyon Print-ing; 461-494.
38. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018). Presidential task force on redefining the postpar-tum visit. Committee on obstetric practice. Obstet Gynecol;131(5), e140-150. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee opinion/articles/2018/05/optimizing-postpartum-care
39. The World Bank [internet]., 2021. Number of infant deaths, nember of neonatal deaths [cited 2021 Nov 8]. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DTH.IMRT.
40. Tola, Y., Ayele, G., Boti, N., Yihune, M., Gethahun, F., & Gebru, Z. (2021). Health-related quality-of-life and as-sociated factors among post-partum women in Arba Minch town. International Journal of Women’s Health, 13, 601-611. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S295325
41. Türkoğlu, N., Çelik, A.S., & Pasinlioğlu, T. (2014). Determining postpartum social support needs of mothers and the support they received. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 11(1), 18-24. https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TVRjMk5EazJOZz09/annelerin-dogum-sonrasi-sosyal-destek-ihtiyaclarinin-ve-alinan-destegin-belirlenmesi
42. Vaezi, A., Soojoodi, F., Banihashemi, A.T., & Nojomi, M. (2019). The association between social support and post-partum depression in women: A cross sectional study. Women Birth, 32(2), e238-e42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.07.014
43. World Health Organization. (2014). WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/97603
44. Yaşar, H. & Dal, N.A. (2022). The relationship between perceived social support during pregnancy and postpartum comfort. Journal of Health Sciences, 31(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.935347
45. Yörük, S., Açikgöz, A., Türkmen, H., & Karlidere, T. (2020). The prevalence of postpartum depression and the cor-relation of perceived social support and quality of life with postpartum depression: A longitudinal study. Puerto Ri-co Health Sciences Journal, 39(4), 327-335. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33320462/