Comparison of Different Methods for Reducing Pain during Vaccination: A Randomized Study with Placebo and Control Groups

Abstract

Background: Pain can cause deterioration in physiological, behavioural, and cognitive functioning. It is important to reduce perceived pain during painful procedures such as vaccination using pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Objectives: The study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of different non-pharmacological methods in pain management during vaccination. Methods: This randomised controlled study with placebo and control groups was conducted with 175 infants, who were randomly assigned to one of the ShotBlocker® (n = 35), ShotBlocker®-placebo (n = 35), sucrose (n = 35), sucrose-placebo (n = 35) or control (n = 35) groups. Pain levels of the infants were determined by assessors (nurses, parents, and observer) using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) before and during vaccination. Results: There was no significant difference in infant age, weight, length, and gender among the five groups. There were statistically significant differences between the pain scores determined by the parents, nurses, and observer for the ShotBlocker®, sucrose, ShotBlocker®-placebo, sucrose-placebo, and control groups. The pain scores of infants in the ShotBlocker® and sucrose groups were statistically lower than those in the placebo and control groups (p < .001). Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of ShotBlocker® and sucrose reduced pain levels during vaccination according to all observers and that there was no statistically significant difference between these two methods. In order to minimize the perceived pain in infants during vaccination it is recommended that healthcare professionals (nurses and midwives) would use these methods in clinical practice.

Keywords

• Infants
• Pain Management
• ShotBlocker®
• Sucrose
• Vaccination

Aşı Sırasındaki Ağrıyı Azaltmada Farklı Yöntemlerin Karşılaştırılması: Plasebo ve Kontrol Gruplu Randomize Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Giriş: Ağrı fizyolojik, davranışsal ve bilişsel işlevlerde bozulmaya neden olabilir. Aşı uygulaması gibi ağrılı işlemler sırasında farmakolojik ve non-farmakolojik yöntemler kullanarak algılanan ağrıyı azaltmak önemlidir. Amaç: Bu araştırma aşı uygulaması sırasında farklı non-farmakolojik yöntemlerin ağrı yönetimindeki etkinliğini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Plasebo ve kontrol gruplu randomize kontrollü çalışma, ShotBlocker® (n=35), ShotBlocker®-plasebo (n=35), sukroz (n=35), sukroz-plasebo (n = 35) ya da kontrol (n = 35) gruplarına rastgele atanan 175 bebekle yapıldı. Bebeklerin ağrı düzeyleri değerlendiriciler (hemşireler, ebeveynler ve gözlemci) tarafından aşı uygulaması öncesinde ve sırasında Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) kullanılarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Beş grup arasında bebeğin yaşı, kilosu, boyu ve cinsiyeti bakımından anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Ebeveynler, hemşireler ve gözlemcinin ShotBlocker®, sukroz, ShotBlocker®-plasebo, sukroz-plasebo ve kontrol grupları için belirledikleri ağrı skorları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılık vardı. ShotBlocker® ve sucrose grubundaki infantların ağrı skorları plasebo ve kontrol gruplarına göre istatistiksel olarak daha düşüktü (p<.001). Sonuç: Tüm gözlemcilerin değerlenirmesinde ShotBlocker® ve sukroz kullanımının aşı sırasındaki ağrı düzeyini azalttığı ve bu iki yöntem arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı sonucuna varıldı. Bebeklerde aşı uygulaması sırasında hissedilen ağrıyı en aza indirmek için sağlık profesyonellerinin (hemşire ve ebeler) bu yöntemleri klinik uygulamada kullanmaları önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Bebek
• Ağrı Yönetimi
• ShotBlocker®
• Sukroz
• Aşı Uygulaması

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