Research Article

Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability

Volume: 19 Number: 3 July 15, 2026
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Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability

Abstract

Background: Pediatric patients face a high fall risk due to developmental and additional contributing factors, which current assessment tools often fail to accurately identify.

Objectives: To develop a pediatric fall risk assessment tool and evaluate its validity, reliability, and discriminative performance.

Methods: This methodological, cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 hospitals across seven Turkish cities, targeting pediatric patients under 18. Literature findings and expert opinions were utilized in the development of the risk assessment tool. The risk factors in the tool were classified using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Model developed by the World Health Organization. The content validity of the scale was assessed using the Content validity was measured via the Content Validity Index; inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.87) and internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.651) were also established. Discriminative ability was evaluated using ROC analysis. The risk assessment tool was named HARIZMI II Fall Risk Assessment Tool.

Results: A total of 1056 pediatric patients were evaluated with the developed tool and 54 of these experienced a fall. The content validity index of the scale was 0.921, the inter-rater reliability value (Kappa) was 0.87, the internal consistency coefficient (Kuder-Richardson 20) was 0.651, the Area Under the ROC Curve Value developed as a result of ROC analysis was 0.758, the sensitivity was 0.722, and the specificity was 0.669.

Conclusion: The HARIZMI II Fall Risk Assessment Tool is valid and reliable in identifying children at high risk for falls. 

Keywords

Project Number

321S048

References

  1. Altın, K., Manav, G., & Karayağız, G. (2020). Hastanede yatan 3-18 yaş arası çocukların düşme riskinin belirlenmesi. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 136-145.
  2. AlSowailmi, B. A., AlAkeely, M. H., AlJutaily, H. I., Alhasoon, M. A., Omair, A., & AlKhalaf, H. A. (2018). Prevalence of fall injuries and risk factors for fall among hospitalized children in a specialized children’s hospital in Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 38(3), 225-229.
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  5. Bujang, M. A., & Adnan, T. H. (2016). Requirements for minimum sample size for sensitivity and specificity analysis. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10(10), 1–6.
  6. Chang, C. M., Wen, C. F., & Lin, H. F. (2021). Reliability and validity of a pediatric fall risk assessment scale for hospitalized patients in Taiwan. Quality Management in Healthcare, 30(2), 121-126.
  7. Chaudhary, S., Figueroa, J., Shaikh, S., Mays, E. W., Bayakly, R., Javed, M., ... & Nieb, S. (2018). Pediatric falls ages 0–4: understanding demographics, mechanisms, and injury severities. Injury epidemiology, 5(Suppl 1), 7.
  8. Camurcu, K., Manav, G., & Muslu Karayagız, G. (2020). Determination of the risk of falling in children between 3–18 years in hospital. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 136–145.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pediatric Health and Illnesses Nursing, Nursing Management

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 15, 2026

Submission Date

March 4, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 11, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 3

APA
Barış, V., Çelik, İ., Seren İntepeler, Ş., Bektaş, M., Gökmen Kavak, D., & Engeloğlu, Ş. (2026). Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi, 19(3), 397-409. https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1650810
AMA
1.Barış V, Çelik İ, Seren İntepeler Ş, Bektaş M, Gökmen Kavak D, Engeloğlu Ş. Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability. JNEF. 2026;19(3):397-409. doi:10.46483/jnef.1650810
Chicago
Barış, Veysel, İsa Çelik, Şeyda Seren İntepeler, Murat Bektaş, Demet Gökmen Kavak, and Şerife Engeloğlu. 2026. “Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability”. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi 19 (3): 397-409. https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1650810.
EndNote
Barış V, Çelik İ, Seren İntepeler Ş, Bektaş M, Gökmen Kavak D, Engeloğlu Ş (July 1, 2026) Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi 19 3 397–409.
IEEE
[1]V. Barış, İ. Çelik, Ş. Seren İntepeler, M. Bektaş, D. Gökmen Kavak, and Ş. Engeloğlu, “Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability”, JNEF, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 397–409, July 2026, doi: 10.46483/jnef.1650810.
ISNAD
Barış, Veysel - Çelik, İsa - Seren İntepeler, Şeyda - Bektaş, Murat - Gökmen Kavak, Demet - Engeloğlu, Şerife. “Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability”. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi 19/3 (July 1, 2026): 397-409. https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1650810.
JAMA
1.Barış V, Çelik İ, Seren İntepeler Ş, Bektaş M, Gökmen Kavak D, Engeloğlu Ş. Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability. JNEF. 2026;19:397–409.
MLA
Barış, Veysel, et al. “Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability”. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi, vol. 19, no. 3, July 2026, pp. 397-09, doi:10.46483/jnef.1650810.
Vancouver
1.Veysel Barış, İsa Çelik, Şeyda Seren İntepeler, Murat Bektaş, Demet Gökmen Kavak, Şerife Engeloğlu. Development of HARIZMI II Pediatric Fall Risk Assessment Scale and Evaluation of Its Validity and Reliability. JNEF. 2026 Jul. 1;19(3):397-409. doi:10.46483/jnef.1650810

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