The Effect of Health Literacy in Women on Their Level Of Knowledge About Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Their Risk of Diabetes

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 537 - 548

Nurten Timur Doğan , Hatice Serap Koçak

https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1566725

Abstract

Background: Health literacy is important not only for reading efficiency but also for early diagnosis of diseases and risk awareness.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of health literacy on the level of knowledge of women regarding cardiovascular disease risk factors and their risk of developing diabetes.

Method: The study employs a cross-sectional design. The research sample consists of 300 women. The data was collected by face-to-face survey method between January and July 2021. A Personal Information Form, the Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32 (THLS-32), the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) Questionnaire were used in the study. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate the data.

Results: It was determined that one third of the women had inadequate THLS-32 scores and that their mean CARRF-KL and FINDRISC scores were moderate. The mean THLS-32 scale scores of those with a low education level and poor health perception were found to be lower (p<.05).

Conclusion: It is determined that the women’s THLS-32 score is at a problematic – limited level. Providing health literacy knowledge to women has the potential to positively affect the overall health level of the society.

Keywords

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor, Diabetes Risk, Health Literacy, Nursing

Kadınlarda Sağlık Okuryazarlığının Kardiyovasküler Hastalık Risk Faktörleri Bilgi Düzeyi ve Diyabet Riskine Etkisi

Abstract

Giriş: Sağlık okuryazarlığı sadece okuma verimliliği için değil, aynı zamanda hastalıkların erken teşhisi ve risklerin bilinmesi için de önemlidir.

Amaç: Bu araştırma, kadınlarda sağlık okuryazarlığının kardiyovasküler hastalık risk faktörleri bilgi düzeyi ve diyabet riskine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.

Yöntem: Çalışma kesitsel tiptedir. Araştırma örneklemi 300 kadından oluşmaktadır. Veriler ocak ve temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile toplandı. Çalışmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Türk Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32 (THLS-32), Kardiyovasküler Hastalık Risk Faktörleri Bilgi Düzeyi (CARRF-KL) Ölçeği ve Finlandiya Diyabet Risk Skoru (FINDRISC) Anketi kullanıldı. Verilerin
değerlendirilmesinde Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Kadınların üçte birinin THLS-32 puanlarının yetersiz olduğu, ortalama CARRF-KL ve FINDRISC puanlarının orta düzeyde olduğu belirlendi. Eğitim düzeyi düşük ve sağlık algısı kötü olanların THLS-32 ölçeği puan ortalamalarının daha düşük olduğu bulundu (p<.05).

Sonuç: Kadınların THLS-32 puanının sorunlu – sınırlı düzeyde olduğu belirlendi. Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı konusunda bilgilendirilmesinin tüm toplumun sağlık düzeyini olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Kardiyovasküler Hastalık Risk Faktörü, Diyabet Riski, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Hemşirelik

References

• Ağralı, H., & Akyar, I. (2018). Turkish validation and reliability of health literacy scale for diabetic patient. Acıbadem Uni-versity Health Sciences Journal, 9(3), 314-321. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2018.31
• Active Living Association. Physical Activity Level Of Turkish Society Research. (2010). Retrieved from: https://aktifyasam.org.tr/pdf/fiziksel-aktivite-arastirmasi-raporu.pdf
• Arıkan, İ., Metintaş, S., Kalyoncu, C., & Yıldız, Z. (2009). The cardiovascular disease risk factors knowledge level (CARRF-KL) scale: a validity and reliability study. Archives of the Turkish Society Cardiology, 37(1), 35-40. https://jag.journalagent.com/tkd/pdfs/TKDA_37_1_35_40.pdf
• Aras, Z., & Temel Bayık, A. (2017). Evaluation of validity and reliability of the turkish version of health literacy scale. Flo-rence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 25(2), 85-94. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/333047
• Aydın, D., & Aba, Y. A. (2019). The relationship between mothers’ health literacy levels and their perceptions about bre-astfeeding self-efficacy. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty, 12(1), 31-39. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1012233
• Bayık Temel, A. & Çimen, Z. (2017). Investigation of health literacy, perception of health and related factors in elderly pa-tients with chronic illness. Journal of Ege University Faculty of Nursing, 33(3),105-125. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/egehemsire/issue/33737/332345
• Coşansu, G. (2015). Diabetes: A Global Pandemic Disease. Okmeydanı Journal of Medicine, 31, 1-6. https://jag.journalagent.com/eamr/pdfs/OTD_31_SUP_EK_SAYI_1_6.pdf
• Çürük, G. N. , Bayındır, S. K. & Oğuzhan, A. (2018). The relationship of the healthy lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular disease risk factors knowledge level of patients wıth cardiovascular disease and their relatives. Journal of Health Sciences, 27 (1), 40-47. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eujhs/issue/44573/553197
• Degan, T. J., Kelly, P. J., Robinson, L. D., & Deane, F. P. (2019). Health literacy in substance use disorder treatment: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 96, 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.10.009
• Deniz, S. , Öztaş, D. & Akbaba, M. (2018). Determining the level of health literacy and affecting factors of health professi-onals working in primary health care services. Sakarya Medical Journal, 8 (2), 214-228. https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.402835
• Durusu-Tanrıöver, M., Yıldırım,. H.H., Demiray Ready, F.N., Çakır, B.& Akalın, H.E. (2014). Turkey health literacy survey. Retrieved from: https://www.sagliksen.org.tr/cdn/uploads/gallery/pdf/8dcec50aa18c21cdaf86a2b33001a409.pdf
• Efe Arslan, D., & Kılıç Akça, N. (2020). Cardiovascular risk awareness of academic staff. Kocaeli Medical Journal, 9(2), 31-38. https://www.journalagent.com/z4/vi.asp?pdir=kocaelitip&plng=tur&un=KTD-15010
• Evaluation by ARDL Bound Test Method. Journal of Business and Economics Studies, 5(4), 1-11. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/842243
• Gönenç İ.M, Health literacy in terms of women’s health. Retrieved from: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/114967/mod_resource/content/1/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k%20Okuryazarl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1.pdf
• Koçak, H.S., Öncel, S., Zincir, H.& Seviğ, E.Ü. (2017). Determining primary school teachers’type 2 diabetes risk and he-althy lifestyle behaviors. Turk Journal of Public Health, 15(2), 70-83. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.341151
• Okyay, P.,& Abacıgil, F. (2016). Turkish health literacy scales reliability and validity study. Retrieved from: https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k%20Okur%20Yazarl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1.pdf
• Özonuk, E. & Yılmaz, M. (2019). Relationship between health literacy and compliance with the treatment among ındivi-duals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 16(2), 96-103. https://jer-nursing.org/Content/files/sayilar/75/KUHEAD_16_2_96_103.pdf
• Öztürk, E.U. (2018). Health literacy and its importance. Biruni Journal of Health and Educational Sciences, 1(1), 1-5. https://dergi.biruni.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/9.SA%C4%9ELIK-OKURYAZARLI%C4%9EI.pdf
• Potvin, L., Richard, L., & Edwards, A. C. (2000). Knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors among the Canadian po-pulation: relationships with indicators of socioeconomic status. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 162(9), 5-11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1232442/
• Ruhuşen, K., Sayın, S.& Koçak, A. (2016). Applicability of the Finnish Diabetes Risk (FINDRISC) as a Screening Tool for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Konuralp Medical Journal, 8(3),158-166. https://acikerisim.erbakan.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12452/1612/ruhu%c5%9fen%20kutlu.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
• Satman, I., Omer, B., Tutuncu, Y., Kalaca, S., Gedik, S., Dinccag, N., Karsidag, K., Genc, S., Telci, A., Canbaz, B., Turker, F., Yilmaz, T., Cakir, B., Tuomilehto, J., & TURDEP-II Study Group (2013). Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk fac-tors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. European Journal of Epidemiology, 28(2), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5
• Taşkın Yılmaz, F., Karakoç Kumsar, A., & Çelik, S. (2018). The association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and knowledge levels about cardiovascular disease risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Education and Rese-arch in Nursing, 15(2), 63-70. https://jer-nursing.org/Content/files/sayilar/44/2.pdf
• Toprakcı, E. & Meşe, Ö. F. (2019). Relationship between education and health of induvaduals in Turkey: an analysis in the light of national data. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, (51), 118-143. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/maeuefd/issue/47282/552228
• Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD). (2020). Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up guide of diabetes mel-litus and its complications 2020 https://file.temd.org.tr/Uploads/publications/guides/documents/20200625154506-2020tbl_kilavuz86bf012d90.pdf
• Turkish Statistical Institute, (TÜİK), Women by Statistics. (2019). Retrieved from. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Kadin-2019-33732
• Turkey Health Survey. (2019). Retrieved from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Saglik-Arastirmasi-2019-33661
• Turkey’s Health Literacy Level was Measured. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Pro-motion. Retrieved from: https://sggm.saglik.gov.tr/TR,57003/turkiyenin-saglik-okuryazarligi-duzeyi-olculdu.html
• Uğurlu, Z. & Akgün, H. S. (2019). Evaluation of health literacy and appropriateness of the educational materials to the he-alth literacy of the patients who applied to the healthcare centers. Mersin University Journal of Health Sciences, 12 (1), 96-106. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.449973
• Ural, A. (2016). Gestational diabetes mellitus and healthy lifestyle behaviours. Journal of Duzce University Health Scien-ces Institute, 6(2), 120-127. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/duzcesbed/issue/24384/258504
• Väätäinen, S., Cederberg, H., Roine, R., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Saramies, J., Uusitalo, H., Tuomilehto, J., & Martikai-nen, J. (2016). Does Future Diabetes Risk Impair Current Quality of Life? A Cross-Sectional Study of Health-Related Qua-lity of Life in Relation to the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC). PloS One, 11(2), e0147898. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147898
• Viitasalo, K., Lindström, J., Hemiö, K., Puttonen, S., Koho, A., Härmä, M., & Peltonen, M. (2012). Occupational health care identifies risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Primary Care Diabetes, 6(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2012.01.003
• Vural Aktan, G. & Özdemir, F (2020). Klimakterik dönemdeki kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi. Cukurova Medical Journal, 45(1), 352-361. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.641709
• Yıldırım, F., & Keser, A. (2015). Health literacy. Retrieved from: https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12575/10793/Sa%c4%9fl%c4%b1k%20Okuryazarl%c4%b1%c4%9f%c4%b1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
• Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Hu, G., & Chen, L. (2014). Evaluation of Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in screening undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes among U.S. adults by gender and race: NHANES 1999-2010. PloS One, 9(5), e97865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097865