Müzik Terapinin Hastanede Yatarak Tedavi Gören COVID-19 Hastalarının Anksiyete ve Depresyon Düzeylerine Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma

Year 2023, , 161 - 166, 11.09.2023

Kübra Gökalp , Mine Ekinci , Gülay Pala

https://doi.org/10.5152/JANHS.2023.23298

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 tanısı ile hastanede yatan hastalara uygulanan müzik terapinin, hastaların anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntemler: Araştırma paralel randomize bir klinik araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma, Mayıs 2021- Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında, COVID-19 servisinde yatarak tedavi gören hastalarla (n = 54) yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Deney grubundaki hastalara 5 gün boyunca günde 30 dakika
müzik terapi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Ki-kare testi, bağımlı-bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve tekrarlı ölçümlerde ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Kontrol grubu ön test ve son test ölçek puanları arasındaki farkın anlamsız olduğu saptanmıştır (P > ,05). Müzik terapi uygulanan deney grubunun son test anksiyete ve depresyon ortalamalarının kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde azaldığı bulunmuştur (P < ,001). Müzik terapinin hastaların anksiyete puanlarının %76,6 ve depresyon puanlarının %79,9 oranında azalma-
sında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: COVID-19 tanısı ile hastanede yatan hastalara uygulanan müzik terapinin, hastaların hastane anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerini azalttığı saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Anksiyete, COVID-19, depresyon, müzik terapi

The Effect of Music Therapy on Anxiety and Depression Levels of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of music therapy applied to hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 on hospital anxiety and depression levels of patients.
Methods: This study was designed as a parallel randomized clinical trial. The study was conducted with patients (n = 54) hospitalized in the COVID-19 ward between May 2021 and September 2022. “Personal Information Form” and “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” were used to collect data. Music therapy was applied to the patients in the experimental group 30 minutes a day for 5 days. Chi-square test, t test for dependent-independent groups, and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to evaluate the data.
Results: It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre test and post test scale mean scores of the control group (P > ,05). The post test anxiety and depression score
averages of the experimental group that received music therapy were significantly lower than the control group (P < ,001). It was found that music therapy was effective in reducing the anxiety
scores of the patients by 76.6% and the depression scores by 79.9%.
Conclusion: It has been determined that music therapy applied to hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 reduces the hospital anxiety and depression levels of the patients.

Keywords

Anxiety, COVID-19, depression, music therapy

References

• 1. Kayaoğlu K, Polat H, Asi Karakaş S, Şahin Altun Ö. COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun hemşirelerin kaygı ve umutsuzluk düzeylerine etkisi. Turk Klin J Nurs Sci. 2021;13(4):958-970.
• 2. Preti E, Di Mattei V, Perego G, et al. The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review of the evidence. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(8):1-22. [CrossRef]
• 3. Türkoğlu N, Kavuran E, Ay E. The relationship between health literacy and Covid 19 fear: a cross sectional study from Turkey. J Health Lit. 2020;7(2):86-94.
• 4. Özlü İ, Öztürk Z, Karaman Özlü Z, Tekin E, Gür A. The effects of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on the anxiety and sleep quality of patients with COVID‐19: A randomized controlled study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(4):1791-1797. [CrossRef]
• 5. Gökalp K, Kemer AS. Mothers’ and children’s thoughts on COVID-19: A qualitative study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2022;67:38-43. [CrossRef]
• 6. Gülmez C. COVID-19’lerin Yaşam Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma. Tez. Atatürk Üniversitesi; 2022.
• 7. Aliakbari Dehkordi M, Eisazadeh F, Aghajanbigloo S. Psychological consequences of patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A Qualitative Study. Iranian. J Health Psychol. 2020;2(2):9-20.
• 8. Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, et al. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(6):592-598. [CrossRef]
• 9. Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA, Gibbons JA. Incremental validity of coronaphobia: coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;74:102268. [CrossRef]
• 10. Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: role of ınflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:594-600. [CrossRef]
• 11. Brooks S, Amlôt R, Rubin GJ, Greenberg N. Psychological resilience and post-traumaticgrowth in disaster-exposed organisations: overview of the literature. BMJ Mil Health. 2020;166(1):52-56. [CrossRef]
• 12. Ornell F, Schuch JB, Sordi AO, Kessler FHP. Pandemic fear and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Braz J Psychiatry. 2022;44(6):628-634.
• 13. Giordano F, Losurdo A, Quaranta VN, et al. Effect of single session receptive music therapy on anxiety and vital parameters in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: A randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1-9.
• 14. Gökalp K, Ekinci M. Effect of music therapy on anxiety and sleep quality of geriatric haematological oncology patients. Turk J Geriatr. 2020;23(4):546-554. [CrossRef]
• 15. Coban A. Music Therapy, Music Therapy for Mental Health. olarak yazılmalı. 1st ed. İstanbul, Turkey: Timas Press; 2020:126-350.
• 16. Giordano F, Scarlata E, Baroni M, et al. Receptive music therapy to reduce stress and ımprove wellbeing in ıtalian clinical staff ınvolved in COVID-19 pandemic: A preliminary study. Arts Psychother. 2020;70:101688. [CrossRef]
• 17. Vajpeyee M, Tiwari S, Jain K, et al. Yoga and music intervention to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 outbreak on healthcare workers. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022;68(4):798-807. [CrossRef]
• 18. Rossetti A, Chadha M, Torres BN, et al. The impact of music therapy (MT) on anxiety in cancer patients 554 undergoing simulation for radiation therapy (RT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017;99(1):103-110.
• 19. De Witte M, Pinho ADS, Stams GJ, Moonen X, Bos AER, van Hooren S. Music therapy for stress reduction: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2022;16(1):134-159. [CrossRef]
• 20. Gassner L, Geretsegger M, Mayer-Ferbas J. Effectiveness of music therapy for autism spectrum disorder, dementia, depression, insomnia and schizophrenia: Update of systematic reviews. Eur J Public Health. 2022;32(1):27-34. [CrossRef]
• 21. Li Y, Xing X, Shi X, et al. The effectiveness of music therapy for patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76(5):1111-1123. [CrossRef]
• 22. Hamid MRBA, Mansor MB, Abidin MFBZ. Reducing anxiety through music therapy for regional anesthesia cases in operating theatre. Iran J Public Health. 2020;49(11): 2227-2229.
• 23. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361-370. [CrossRef]
• 24. Aydemir O, Guvenir T, Kuey L, Kültür S. Hastane anksiyete ve depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve guvenilirliği. Turk Psikiyatr Derg. 1997;8:280-287.
• 25. TÜMETA-Türk Musikisini Araştırma ve Tanıtma Grubu. Available at: https ://tu mata. com/m uzik- terap i/tur k-muz igi-m akaml ari-ve-etkileri /. Accessed May 10, 2023.
• 26. Richardson JT. Eta squared and artial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educ Res Rev. 2011;6(2):135-147.
• 27. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Academic Press; 2011.
• 28. Satija A, Bhatnagar S. Complementary therapies for symptom management in cancer patients. Indian J Palliat Care. 2017;23(4):468-479. [CrossRef]
• 29. Bilgiç Ş, Acaroğlu R. Effects of listening to music on the comfort of chemotherapy patients. West J Nurs Res. 2017;39(6):745-762.[CrossRef]
• 30. Dai WS, Huang ST, Xu N, Chen Q, Cao H. The effect of music therapy on pain, anxiety and depression in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2020;15(1):81. [CrossRef]
• 31. Wu MH, Chang TC. Evaluation of effect of music on human nervous system by heart rate variability analysis using ECG sensor. Sens Mater. 2021;33(2):739-753. [CrossRef]
• 32. Zhao P, Zhao J, Liu H, et al. Effects of long-term exposure to music on behaviour, immunity and performance of piglets. Anim Produc Sci. 2020;61(5):532-539