Objective: This study aims to determine the care perceptions of nursing students according to the gender perspective.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive comparative study. In this study, the total sample of nursing students (n=495), consisting of Turkish students (n=334) and International students (n=161) from class/year one to four in the Faculty of Nursing were analysed. The data of the study were collected using the Student Assessment Forms and the Care Behavior Inventory and evaluated by IBM SPSS version 22.0. Nurses’ and patients’ caring behavior perceived by nursing students and other related factors were compared using both inferential and descriptive statistics.
Results: In this study, 69.9% of the participants were female, 30.1% were male. While the total score of the female nursing students was 5.23±0.69, the score of the male nursing students was 5.18±0.81. The difference between the total and subgroups’ score of the students according to their gender was not statistically significant. But, there is significant difference in the sub-dimensions of the scale according to the gender of the participants with some characteristics.
Conclusion: In this study, no significant difference was found between gender and perception of care in the scale total mean score of the participants. However, when some subgroups were analyzed according to gender, significant differences were found. In addition, the mean scores of female students were higher than those of male students.
To proceed with this study, necessary institutional permissions were obtained from the Institute of Health Sciences (project no: 2018/62-650) and the Faculty of Nursing (reference no:765/20158) to carry out this research.
Supporting Institution
NA
Project Number
2018/62-650
Thanks
NA
References
1. Wolf ZR, Byrne D, Hanson-Zalot M. Undergraduate nursing students’ caring behaviors: A cross-sectional study. Int J Hum Caring. 2018;22(4):199-208. https://doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.22.4.199
2. Persaud S, Thornton M. Developing caring behaviors in undergraduate nursing students through simulation. Int J Hum Caring. 2018;22(2):26-33. https://doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.22.2.26
3. Asmirajanti M, Hamid AY, Hariyati R, Sri T. Nursing care activities based on documentation. BMC Nurs. 2019;18(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0352-0
4. Egenes KJ. Issues And Trends in Nursing: Essential Knowledge for Today and Tomorrow. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Jones&Martlett Learning; 2017.
5. Roach MS. Caring: The human mode of being. Caring in nursing classics: An essential resource. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer International Publishing; 2013.
6. Galbany-Estragués P, Comas-d’Argemir D. Care, autonomy, and gender in nursing practice: A historical study of nurses’ experiences. J Nurs Res. 2017;25(5):361-367. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0000000000000184
7. Legath JW. Sanctified Sisters: A History of Protestant Deaconesses. 1st ed. New York, NY: New York University Press; 2019.
8. Choperena A, Fairman J. Louisa May Alcott and Hospital Sketches: An innovative approach to gender and nursing professionalization. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(5):1059-1067. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13510
9. Pfettscher SA. Nursing Theorists and Their Work.10th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2021.
10. Hodges EA, Rowsey PJ, Gray TF, et al. Bridging the gender divide: Facilitating the educational path for men in nursing. J Nurs Educ. 2017;56(5):295-299. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20170421-08
11. Liu NY, Hsu WY, Hung CA, Wu PL, Pai HC. The effect of gender role orientation on student nurses’ caring behaviour and critical thinking. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019;1(89):18-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.09.005
12. Ghadi IN, Bakar KA, Alwi NH, Talib O. Gender analysis of critical thinking disposition instrument among University Putra Malaysia undergraduate students. JRTE. 2012;33(1):7-33.
13. Khademian Z, Vizeshfar F. Nursing students’ perceptions of the importance of caring behaviors. J Adv Nurs. 2008;61(4):456-462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04509.x
14. Laurella VB. Gender Trait Differences And Nursing Caring. Dissertation. University of Utah; 1997.
15. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A & Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res. 2009;41(4):1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
16. Wu Y, Larrabee JH, Putman HP. Caring behaviors inventory: A reduction of the 42-item instrument. Nurs Res. 2006;55(1):18-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200601000-00003
17. Robinson Wolf, Z, Dillon PM, Townsend AB, Glasofer A. Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 revised: CBI-16 Validation and Psychometric Properties. Int J Hum Caring. 2017;21(4):185-192. https://doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.21.4.185
18. Kursun S, Kanan N. Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of caring behaviors inventory-24. J Anat Nurs Health Sci. 2012;15(4):229-235. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunihem/issue/2659/34332
19. Marć M, Bartosiewicz A, Burzyńska J, Chmiel Z, Januszewicz P. A nursing shortage–a prospect of global and local policies. Int Nurs Rev. 2019;66(1):9-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12473
20. Konuk, T, Tanyar, D. Investigation of nursing students' perception of caring behaviors. J Caring Sci. 2019;8(4):191- 197. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2019.027
21. Birimoğlu C, Ayaz S. Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Caring Behaviors. J Hacet Univ Fac Nurs. 2015;2(3):40-48. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/330801
22. Aupia A, Lee TT, Liu CY, Wu SF, Mills ME. Caring behavior perceived by nurses, patients and nursing students in Indonesia. J Prof Nurs. 2018;34(4):314-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2017.11.013
23. Fenizia E, Navarini L, Scollo S, Gambera A, Ciccozzi M. A longitudinal study on caring behaviors of Italian nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;88(1):104377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104377
24. Lambert-Davis JD. Caring Behaviors of Nursing Students and their Attitudes Toward Older Adults. Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University;2017.
25. Trinidad MF, Pascual JL, García MR. Perception of caring among nursing students: Results from a cross-sectional survey. Nurse Educ Today. 2019;83(1):104196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.08.014
26. Labrague LJ, McEnroe‐Petitte DM, Papathanasiou IV, Edet OB, Arulappan J, Tsaras K. Nursing students' perceptions of their own caring behaviors: a multicountry study. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2017;28(4):225-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12108
27. Kilic M. Students' perceptions of nursing care: the case of a city of south Turkey. Int J Caring Sci. 2018;11(1):402. https://internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/docs/46_kilik_original_11_1.pdf
28. Dığın F, Kızılcık Özkan Z. Determination of nursing students’ perceptions of care behavior. Gevher Nesibe Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2021;6(10):16-21. https://doi.org/10.46648/gnj.155
29. Rasmussen P, Henderson A, Andrew N, Conroy T. Factors influencing registered nurses' perceptions of their professional identity: An integrative literature review. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2018;49(5):225-232. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20180417-08
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hemşirelik öğrencilerinin cinsiyete göre bakım algılarını belirlemektir.
Yöntemler: Bu çalışma kesitsel, nicel ve tanımlayıcı karşılaştırmalı bir çalışmadır. Bu çalışmada Hemşirelik Fakültesi'nde birinci sınıftan dördüncü sınıfa kadar öğrenim gören Türk öğrenciler (n=334) ve uluslararası öğrencilerden (n=161) oluşan toplam hemşirelik öğrencisi (n=495) örneklemi analiz edildi. Çalışmanın verileri Öğrenci Değerlendirme Formları ve Bakım Davranışı Envanteri kullanılarak toplandı ve IBM SPSS sürüm 22.0 ile değerlendirildi. Hemşirelik öğrencileri tarafından algılanan hemşirelerin ve hastaların bakım davranışları ve diğer ilgili faktörler hem çıkarımsal hem de tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmada katılımcıların %69,9’u kadın, %30,1’i erkektir. Kadın hemşirelik öğrencilerinin toplam puanı 5,23±0,69 iken, erkek hemşirelik öğrencilerinin puanı 5,18±0,81’dir. Öğrencilerin cinsiyetlerine göre toplam ve alt grupların puanları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Ancak bazı özellikler açısından katılımcıların cinsiyetlerine göre ölçeğin alt boyutlarında anlamlı fark vardır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada katılımcıların ölçek toplam puan ortalamalarında cinsiyet ve bakım algısı arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ancak bazı alt gruplar cinsiyete göre incelendiğinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kadın öğrencilerin puan ortalamaları erkek öğrencilere göre daha yüksektir.
Bu çalışmaya devam edebilmek için Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü'nden (proje no: 2018/62-650) ve Hemşirelik Fakültesi'nden (referans no: 765/20158) bu araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesi için gerekli kurumsal izinler alınmıştır.
Supporting Institution
NA
Project Number
2018/62-650
Thanks
NA
References
1. Wolf ZR, Byrne D, Hanson-Zalot M. Undergraduate nursing students’ caring behaviors: A cross-sectional study. Int J Hum Caring. 2018;22(4):199-208. https://doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.22.4.199
2. Persaud S, Thornton M. Developing caring behaviors in undergraduate nursing students through simulation. Int J Hum Caring. 2018;22(2):26-33. https://doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.22.2.26
3. Asmirajanti M, Hamid AY, Hariyati R, Sri T. Nursing care activities based on documentation. BMC Nurs. 2019;18(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0352-0
4. Egenes KJ. Issues And Trends in Nursing: Essential Knowledge for Today and Tomorrow. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Jones&Martlett Learning; 2017.
5. Roach MS. Caring: The human mode of being. Caring in nursing classics: An essential resource. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer International Publishing; 2013.
6. Galbany-Estragués P, Comas-d’Argemir D. Care, autonomy, and gender in nursing practice: A historical study of nurses’ experiences. J Nurs Res. 2017;25(5):361-367. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0000000000000184
7. Legath JW. Sanctified Sisters: A History of Protestant Deaconesses. 1st ed. New York, NY: New York University Press; 2019.
8. Choperena A, Fairman J. Louisa May Alcott and Hospital Sketches: An innovative approach to gender and nursing professionalization. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(5):1059-1067. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13510
9. Pfettscher SA. Nursing Theorists and Their Work.10th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2021.
10. Hodges EA, Rowsey PJ, Gray TF, et al. Bridging the gender divide: Facilitating the educational path for men in nursing. J Nurs Educ. 2017;56(5):295-299. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20170421-08
11. Liu NY, Hsu WY, Hung CA, Wu PL, Pai HC. The effect of gender role orientation on student nurses’ caring behaviour and critical thinking. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019;1(89):18-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.09.005
12. Ghadi IN, Bakar KA, Alwi NH, Talib O. Gender analysis of critical thinking disposition instrument among University Putra Malaysia undergraduate students. JRTE. 2012;33(1):7-33.
13. Khademian Z, Vizeshfar F. Nursing students’ perceptions of the importance of caring behaviors. J Adv Nurs. 2008;61(4):456-462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04509.x
14. Laurella VB. Gender Trait Differences And Nursing Caring. Dissertation. University of Utah; 1997.
15. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A & Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res. 2009;41(4):1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
16. Wu Y, Larrabee JH, Putman HP. Caring behaviors inventory: A reduction of the 42-item instrument. Nurs Res. 2006;55(1):18-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200601000-00003
17. Robinson Wolf, Z, Dillon PM, Townsend AB, Glasofer A. Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 revised: CBI-16 Validation and Psychometric Properties. Int J Hum Caring. 2017;21(4):185-192. https://doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.21.4.185
18. Kursun S, Kanan N. Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of caring behaviors inventory-24. J Anat Nurs Health Sci. 2012;15(4):229-235. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunihem/issue/2659/34332
19. Marć M, Bartosiewicz A, Burzyńska J, Chmiel Z, Januszewicz P. A nursing shortage–a prospect of global and local policies. Int Nurs Rev. 2019;66(1):9-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12473
20. Konuk, T, Tanyar, D. Investigation of nursing students' perception of caring behaviors. J Caring Sci. 2019;8(4):191- 197. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2019.027
21. Birimoğlu C, Ayaz S. Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Caring Behaviors. J Hacet Univ Fac Nurs. 2015;2(3):40-48. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/330801
22. Aupia A, Lee TT, Liu CY, Wu SF, Mills ME. Caring behavior perceived by nurses, patients and nursing students in Indonesia. J Prof Nurs. 2018;34(4):314-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2017.11.013
23. Fenizia E, Navarini L, Scollo S, Gambera A, Ciccozzi M. A longitudinal study on caring behaviors of Italian nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;88(1):104377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104377
24. Lambert-Davis JD. Caring Behaviors of Nursing Students and their Attitudes Toward Older Adults. Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University;2017.
25. Trinidad MF, Pascual JL, García MR. Perception of caring among nursing students: Results from a cross-sectional survey. Nurse Educ Today. 2019;83(1):104196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.08.014
26. Labrague LJ, McEnroe‐Petitte DM, Papathanasiou IV, Edet OB, Arulappan J, Tsaras K. Nursing students' perceptions of their own caring behaviors: a multicountry study. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2017;28(4):225-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12108
27. Kilic M. Students' perceptions of nursing care: the case of a city of south Turkey. Int J Caring Sci. 2018;11(1):402. https://internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/docs/46_kilik_original_11_1.pdf
28. Dığın F, Kızılcık Özkan Z. Determination of nursing students’ perceptions of care behavior. Gevher Nesibe Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2021;6(10):16-21. https://doi.org/10.46648/gnj.155
29. Rasmussen P, Henderson A, Andrew N, Conroy T. Factors influencing registered nurses' perceptions of their professional identity: An integrative literature review. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2018;49(5):225-232. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20180417-08
Elyeli K, Öztürk C. Caring Behaviour Perceived by Nursing Students; Gender Perspective. Journal of Nursology. December 2024;27(4):302-308. doi:10.17049/jnursology.1430225