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The Swedish Health System from a Turkish Perspective: Universal Health Coverage and Comparative Analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 10 - 14, 08.09.2025

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Swedish healthcare system from a Turkish perspective, focusing on its structure, financing, public health policies, and comparative health indicators. Sweden’s decentralized healthcare model, primarily funded through taxes (85% public funding, OECD Health at a Glance 2023), ensures universal coverage with minimal patient contributions. The system’s emphasis on preventive care, harm reduction policies, and digital health innovations, such as 100% electronic health record adoption, sets a global benchmark (WHO Europe 2023). In contrast, Turkey’s healthcare system, while strengthened by the Health Transformation Program, faces challenges like higher out-of-pocket payments (25% of health expenditure) and regional disparities (World Bank 2023). By comparing key indicators, including per capita health spending (Sweden: $6,200; Turkey: $1,800, 2022 PPP), physician density, and vaccination rates, the study highlights Sweden’s strengths and potential lessons for Turkey. The article concludes that adopting Sweden’s decentralized governance, harm reduction strategies, and data-driven policies could enhance Turkey’s healthcare system, tailored to its socio-economic context.

References

  • Akbolat, M., & Ünal, Ö. (2022). Digital transformation in Turkish healthcare: Opportunities and challenges of the e-Nabız system. Health Policy and Technology, 11(3), 100623. DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100623 Anell, A., Glenngård, A. H., & Merkur, S. (2021). Sweden: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition, 23(1), 1-156. DOI: 10.1787/19991312
  • Evren, C., & Çakmak, D. (2021). Substance abuse treatment in Turkey: Challenges and opportunities. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 32(2), 85-92. DOI: 10.5080/u25619
  • Håkansson, A., & Berglund, M. (2019). Needle exchange programs in Sweden: Impact on HIV prevention and social integration. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 197, 123- 130. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.010
  • Kajbjer, K., & Nordberg, R. (2022). Telemedicine in Sweden: Enhancing access for rural and elderly populations. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 11(8), 1432-1440. DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.92
  • Magnusson, M. B., Sjöberg, A., Kjellgren, K. I., & Lissner, L. (2019). Childhood obesity prevention in Sweden: School-based interventions and their impact. Public Health Nutrition, 22(12), 2165-2173. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019001234
  • OECD Health at a Glance 2023. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/health/health-at- a-glance/
  • OECD, Sweden: Country Health Profile 2023. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/health/sweden.htm
  • Semenza, J. C., & Giesecke, J. (2020). Infectious disease surveillance in Sweden: Lessons for European public health. Eurosurveillance, 25(45), 2000071. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.45.2000071
  • Sundin, J., & Willner, S. (2020). Decentralized healthcare governance in Sweden: Balancing local autonomy and national oversight. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 48(3), 235-242. DOI: 10.1177/1403494819878940
  • Türkiye Ceza Kanunu (TCK), 2023. Available at: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/ WHO Europe 2023. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/home WHO Europe, Sweden Health System Review 2023. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/publications
  • World Bank, Turkey Health Sector Assessment 2023. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey

Türkiye Perspektifinden İsveç Sağlık Sistemi: Evrensel Sağlık Kapsayıcılığı ve Karşılaştırmalı Analiz

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 10 - 14, 08.09.2025

Abstract

Bu makale, İsveç sağlık sistemini Türkiye perspektifinden kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz ederek, sistemin yapısını, finansmanını, halk sağlığı politikalarını ve karşılaştırmalı sağlık göstergelerini incelemektedir. İsveç’in desentralize sağlık modeli, büyük ölçüde vergilerle finanse edilmekte (%85 kamu fonu, OECD Health at a Glance 2023) ve hasta katkıları minimum düzeyde tutularak evrensel kapsayıcılık sağlanmaktadır. Koruyucu bakım, zarar azaltıcı politikalar ve %100 elektronik sağlık kaydı kullanımı gibi dijital sağlık yenilikleri, İsveç’i küresel bir referans noktası haline getirmektedir (WHO Europe 2023). Buna karşılık, Türkiye’nin sağlık sistemi, Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı ile güçlendirilmiş olsa da, cepten ödemelerin yüksekliği (%25) ve bölgesel eşitsizlikler gibi zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır (World Bank 2023). Kişi başına sağlık harcaması (İsveç: 6.200 USD; Türkiye: 1.800 USD, 2022 PPP), hekim yoğunluğu ve aşılama oranları gibi temel göstergeler karşılaştırılarak İsveç’in güçlü yönleri ve Türkiye için potansiyel dersler öne çıkarılmaktadır. Makale, İsveç’in desentralize yönetim, zarar azaltıcı stratejiler ve veri odaklı politikalarının, Türkiye’nin sosyo- ekonomik bağlamına uyarlanarak sağlık sistemini güçlendirebileceği sonucuna varmaktadır.

References

  • Akbolat, M., & Ünal, Ö. (2022). Digital transformation in Turkish healthcare: Opportunities and challenges of the e-Nabız system. Health Policy and Technology, 11(3), 100623. DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100623 Anell, A., Glenngård, A. H., & Merkur, S. (2021). Sweden: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition, 23(1), 1-156. DOI: 10.1787/19991312
  • Evren, C., & Çakmak, D. (2021). Substance abuse treatment in Turkey: Challenges and opportunities. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 32(2), 85-92. DOI: 10.5080/u25619
  • Håkansson, A., & Berglund, M. (2019). Needle exchange programs in Sweden: Impact on HIV prevention and social integration. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 197, 123- 130. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.010
  • Kajbjer, K., & Nordberg, R. (2022). Telemedicine in Sweden: Enhancing access for rural and elderly populations. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 11(8), 1432-1440. DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.92
  • Magnusson, M. B., Sjöberg, A., Kjellgren, K. I., & Lissner, L. (2019). Childhood obesity prevention in Sweden: School-based interventions and their impact. Public Health Nutrition, 22(12), 2165-2173. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019001234
  • OECD Health at a Glance 2023. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/health/health-at- a-glance/
  • OECD, Sweden: Country Health Profile 2023. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/health/sweden.htm
  • Semenza, J. C., & Giesecke, J. (2020). Infectious disease surveillance in Sweden: Lessons for European public health. Eurosurveillance, 25(45), 2000071. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.45.2000071
  • Sundin, J., & Willner, S. (2020). Decentralized healthcare governance in Sweden: Balancing local autonomy and national oversight. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 48(3), 235-242. DOI: 10.1177/1403494819878940
  • Türkiye Ceza Kanunu (TCK), 2023. Available at: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/ WHO Europe 2023. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/home WHO Europe, Sweden Health System Review 2023. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/publications
  • World Bank, Turkey Health Sector Assessment 2023. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Management
Journal Section Rewiev
Authors

Kalbiye Memiş

Early Pub Date September 3, 2025
Publication Date September 8, 2025
Submission Date August 1, 2025
Acceptance Date August 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Memiş, K. (2025). The Swedish Health System from a Turkish Perspective: Universal Health Coverage and Comparative Analysis. Journal of Baltalimanı, 1(1), 10-14.