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Banks None-Core Liabilities Effects on Banking Sector Stability: Emerging Markets and Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 42 - 59, 16.01.2020

Abstract

During periods in which demand for credit
rapidly increases in correlation with the increase of deposit considered as
core liabilities, the usual course of action by the banks is to steer towards
alternative external sources - non-core liabilities. Recent empirical studies
work on the source structure of liabilities as well as their maturity to
produce new data sets for the financial system to examine the crisis potential
of non-core liabilities. As known, the major reason for banking crisis is banks
becoming insolvent as a result of liquidity shortage. Banks may be forced into
fire sale their assets to solve their liquidity shortage. In that case the
turnover rate and the current market value become crucial. To evaluate the
crisis potential of the banking system the solvency and liquidity nexus
criterion should be evaluated separately. Studies show that the calculation of
the possible capital shortage could be a pioneer indicator to establish the
financial balance. Also calculation of the capital shortage might be use to
establish an insurance pool that can provide a safe and accessible envoriment
to the financial sytem working without any break. The non-core liabilities in
Turkish banking system tend to increase since 2012. The growing credit gap
differs from the general trend. The profitability decreases. The non-performing
loans rise. In real sector, high borrowing occurs. Basing on these evidence,
our study deals with the effects of non-core liabilities over the stability of
Turkish banking sector as a crisis dynamic. Our findings support that
increasing non-core liabilities threat the system stability.  

Supporting Institution

Marmara Üniversitesi, Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık Enst.

Thanks

Prof. Dr. K. Batu Tunay

References

  • (1)Hahm, J.H., Mishkin, F.S., Shin, H.S. ve Shin, K. 2012. Macroprudential Policies in Open Emerging Economies, NBER Working Paper, No. 17780
  • (2)Hahm, H.J. ve Shin, K. 2012. None-Core Bank Liabilities and Financial Vulnerability, NBER Working Paper, No. 18428: 9.
  • (3)Frankel, A.J. ve Rose, K.A. 1996. Currency Crashes in Emerging Market: An Empirical Treatment, Journal of International Economics, No. 4(1), 351-366.
  • (4)Kaminsky, G.L. ve Reinhart, C.M. 1999. The Twin Crises: The Causes of Banking and Balance of Payments Problems, American Economic Review, No.89(3), 473-500
  • (5)Kim, H.J., Shin, H.S. ve Yun, J. 2012. Monetary Aggregates and the Central Bank's Financial Stability Mandate, Econpapers Economic Research Korea, No. 6, 2-5.
  • (6)Hamann, F., Hernandez, R., Silva, L. ve Tenjo, F. 2013. Credit Pro-Cyclicality and Bank Balance Sheet Colombia, Inicio Publicaciones, No.762
  • (7)Harutyunyan, A., Massara, G., Ugazio, G.A. ve Walton, R. 2015. Shedding Light on Shadow Banking, IMF Working Paper, No.15
  • (8)Schularick, M. ve Taylor E.M. 2009. Credit booms gone bust: Monetary Policy, Leverage Cycles and Financial Crises 1987-2008, NBER Working Paper, No.15512, 11.2009
  • (9)Mendoza, E.G. ve Terrones, M.E. 2012. An Anatomy of Credit Booms and Their Demise, NBER Working Paper, No. 18379, Eylül.2012
  • (10) Gourinchas, P.O. 2012. Stories of The Twentieth Centrury for the Twenty-First, American Economic Journal:Macroeconomics, Cilt. 4, No.1, 65-226
  • (11)Laeven, L. ve Valencia, F. 2018. Systemic Banking Crises Revisited, IMF Working Paper, No.18-206
  • (12)Philippon, T. ve Salord, A. 2017. Bail-insand Bank Resolution in Europe: A Progress Report, Vox CEPR Policy Portal. Web sitesi, https://voxeu.org ( https://voxeu.org) (Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2017).
  • (13)Köksal, B. ve Binici, M. 2012. Is the Leverage of Turkish Bank Procyclical, Central Bank Review, No. 12, 11-24.
  • (14)Kılınç, Z., Karasoy, H.G. ve Yücel, E. (2013). None-core Liabilities and Credit Growth, TCMB Working Paper, No.1324, Kasım. 2013
  • (15)Akdoğan, K. ve Yıldırım, D. 2014. Non-core Liabilities as an Indicator of Systemic Risk and a Liquidity Stress Test Application on Türkish Banking System, TCMB Working paper, No.1412.
  • (16)Akyüz, Y. 2011. Küresel Kriz ve Yükselen Ekonomilerde Büyüme ve İstikrar; Çift Şeritli Yol mu, Yoksa Yolun Sonu mu?, İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, No.13, 20-21.
  • (17)Pierret, D. 2015. Systemic Risk and the Solvency Liquidity Nexus of Banks, SSRN No.2346606, 1-7.
  • (18)Drehmann, M. ve Juselius, J. 2014. Evaluating Early Warning İndicators of Banking Crises: Satisfying Policy Requirements, Econ Papers, No. 30 (3), 759-780.
  • (19)Roubini, N. 2018. Kriz Ekonomisi, Pegasus Yayınları 2. Baskı, İstanbul
  • (20)Hansen, L.P. 2013. Challenges in Identifying and Measuring Systemic Risk, Chicago University, Economy Department, CEMFI Working Paper, No. 1305.
  • (21)Acharya, V., Engle, R. ve Richardson, M. 2012. Capital Shortfall: A New Approach to Ranking and Regulating Systemic Risks, AEA Meetings NYU New York, 10.01.2012
  • (22)Engle, R. 2015. “Systemic Risk on China and Around the World”, Shanghai Beijing CFA Institute Meetings, 24 Kasım 2015,Shanghai, https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/ ( https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/)(Erişim Tarihi:10.10.2016).
  • (23)Saltoğlu, B. 2012. Para Politikası Tartışmaları Üzerine, İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, No.18, 67-71
  • (24)Yılmaz, E. ve Süslü, B. 2016. Türkish None-Core Bank Liabilities, South Eastern Journal of Economies, No.1, 75-92.
  • (25)Koo, R. 2011. The World in Balance Sheet Recession Causes, Cure and Politics, Real-World Economics Review, No. 58, 19-36.

Bankaların Çekirdek Dışı Yükümlülüklerinin Banka Sisteminin İstikrarına Etkileri: Yükselen Ekonomiler ve Türkiye

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 42 - 59, 16.01.2020

Abstract

Kredi talebi, çekirdek yükümlülük olarak kabul edilen, mevduat artışından daha hızlı yükselmeye başladığı dönemlerde bankalar bu talebi karşılamak için alternatif dış kaynaklara yani çekirdek dışı yükümlülüklere yönelmektedirler. Güncel bilimsel çalışmalar, borçların vadesinin yanı sıra borç kaynağının da yapısını inceleyerek, finansal sistemin işleyişini açıklayan yeni veri setleri yardımıyla, çekirdek dışı yükümlülüklerin kriz potansiyelini araştırmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi banka krizleri, bankaların likidite sıkıntısı nedeniyle ödeme güçlerini kaybetmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bankalar kriz dönemlerinde nakit sıkışıklıklarını varlık satışı yoluyla çözmek zorunda kalabilirler. Bu durumda varlıkların nakde çevrilme hızı ve piyasada oluşan anlık değeri önem kazanmaktadır. Banka sisteminin krize girme potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi açısından, sermaye yeterliliği ve likit olma durumu ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmesi gereken ölçütlerdir. Yapılan çalışmalar, kriz dönemlerinde oluşabilecek sermaye açığının hesaplanmasının gerekli dengelerin sağlanmasında öncü bir gösterge olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Türk bankacılık sektörünün çekirdek dışı yükümlülükleri 2012 yılından itibaren artış trendindedir. Kredi / GSYH açığı yükselerek genel trendden ayrılmakta, kârlılıkta azalma, tahsili gecikmiş alacaklarda artış, reel sektörde yüksek borçlanma görülmektedir. Bu tespitler ışığında, çalışmamızda bir kriz dinamiği olarak çekirdek dışı yükümlülüklerin Türk bankacılık sektörünün istikrarına etkileri ele alınmıştır. Elde ettiğimiz bulgular çekirdek dışı yükümlülüklerde ki artışın sistemin istikrarını tehdit ettiği yönündedir.

References

  • (1)Hahm, J.H., Mishkin, F.S., Shin, H.S. ve Shin, K. 2012. Macroprudential Policies in Open Emerging Economies, NBER Working Paper, No. 17780
  • (2)Hahm, H.J. ve Shin, K. 2012. None-Core Bank Liabilities and Financial Vulnerability, NBER Working Paper, No. 18428: 9.
  • (3)Frankel, A.J. ve Rose, K.A. 1996. Currency Crashes in Emerging Market: An Empirical Treatment, Journal of International Economics, No. 4(1), 351-366.
  • (4)Kaminsky, G.L. ve Reinhart, C.M. 1999. The Twin Crises: The Causes of Banking and Balance of Payments Problems, American Economic Review, No.89(3), 473-500
  • (5)Kim, H.J., Shin, H.S. ve Yun, J. 2012. Monetary Aggregates and the Central Bank's Financial Stability Mandate, Econpapers Economic Research Korea, No. 6, 2-5.
  • (6)Hamann, F., Hernandez, R., Silva, L. ve Tenjo, F. 2013. Credit Pro-Cyclicality and Bank Balance Sheet Colombia, Inicio Publicaciones, No.762
  • (7)Harutyunyan, A., Massara, G., Ugazio, G.A. ve Walton, R. 2015. Shedding Light on Shadow Banking, IMF Working Paper, No.15
  • (8)Schularick, M. ve Taylor E.M. 2009. Credit booms gone bust: Monetary Policy, Leverage Cycles and Financial Crises 1987-2008, NBER Working Paper, No.15512, 11.2009
  • (9)Mendoza, E.G. ve Terrones, M.E. 2012. An Anatomy of Credit Booms and Their Demise, NBER Working Paper, No. 18379, Eylül.2012
  • (10) Gourinchas, P.O. 2012. Stories of The Twentieth Centrury for the Twenty-First, American Economic Journal:Macroeconomics, Cilt. 4, No.1, 65-226
  • (11)Laeven, L. ve Valencia, F. 2018. Systemic Banking Crises Revisited, IMF Working Paper, No.18-206
  • (12)Philippon, T. ve Salord, A. 2017. Bail-insand Bank Resolution in Europe: A Progress Report, Vox CEPR Policy Portal. Web sitesi, https://voxeu.org ( https://voxeu.org) (Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2017).
  • (13)Köksal, B. ve Binici, M. 2012. Is the Leverage of Turkish Bank Procyclical, Central Bank Review, No. 12, 11-24.
  • (14)Kılınç, Z., Karasoy, H.G. ve Yücel, E. (2013). None-core Liabilities and Credit Growth, TCMB Working Paper, No.1324, Kasım. 2013
  • (15)Akdoğan, K. ve Yıldırım, D. 2014. Non-core Liabilities as an Indicator of Systemic Risk and a Liquidity Stress Test Application on Türkish Banking System, TCMB Working paper, No.1412.
  • (16)Akyüz, Y. 2011. Küresel Kriz ve Yükselen Ekonomilerde Büyüme ve İstikrar; Çift Şeritli Yol mu, Yoksa Yolun Sonu mu?, İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, No.13, 20-21.
  • (17)Pierret, D. 2015. Systemic Risk and the Solvency Liquidity Nexus of Banks, SSRN No.2346606, 1-7.
  • (18)Drehmann, M. ve Juselius, J. 2014. Evaluating Early Warning İndicators of Banking Crises: Satisfying Policy Requirements, Econ Papers, No. 30 (3), 759-780.
  • (19)Roubini, N. 2018. Kriz Ekonomisi, Pegasus Yayınları 2. Baskı, İstanbul
  • (20)Hansen, L.P. 2013. Challenges in Identifying and Measuring Systemic Risk, Chicago University, Economy Department, CEMFI Working Paper, No. 1305.
  • (21)Acharya, V., Engle, R. ve Richardson, M. 2012. Capital Shortfall: A New Approach to Ranking and Regulating Systemic Risks, AEA Meetings NYU New York, 10.01.2012
  • (22)Engle, R. 2015. “Systemic Risk on China and Around the World”, Shanghai Beijing CFA Institute Meetings, 24 Kasım 2015,Shanghai, https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/ ( https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/)(Erişim Tarihi:10.10.2016).
  • (23)Saltoğlu, B. 2012. Para Politikası Tartışmaları Üzerine, İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, No.18, 67-71
  • (24)Yılmaz, E. ve Süslü, B. 2016. Türkish None-Core Bank Liabilities, South Eastern Journal of Economies, No.1, 75-92.
  • (25)Koo, R. 2011. The World in Balance Sheet Recession Causes, Cure and Politics, Real-World Economics Review, No. 58, 19-36.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Gülçin Kazaz 0000-0003-1430-3734

Publication Date January 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kazaz, G. (2020). Bankaların Çekirdek Dışı Yükümlülüklerinin Banka Sisteminin İstikrarına Etkileri: Yükselen Ekonomiler ve Türkiye. Journal of Banking and Financial Research, 7(1), 42-59.