Существующие и потенциальные зоны этнической конфронтации на Северном Кавказе

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 23 - 46, 30.09.2016

Osman Tekir

https://doi.org/10.21488/jocas.98493

Abstract

    The North Caucasus is an exceptional
region which, in terms of economic and political significance, has never lost
its importance throughout history. As a result of that significance, the region
has witnessed, over the centuries, many struggles against the great powers of
the region vying for regional hegemony, despite its internal ethnic diversity.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union triggerred conflicts among various groups
wanting to fill the power vacuum in the area and settle historical scores.
Especially, political tensions and ethnic conflicts among different ethnic
groups have become the defining feature of the North Caucasus. To understand
the reasons and possible consequences of these processes, first the ethnic
structure of the region needs to be analysed. Then, the main areas and subjects
of conflict will be studied.

Keywords

North Caucasus, conflict, ethnicity, ethnic violence, ethnic politics

Kuzey Kafkasya'da Mevcut ve Potansiyel Etnik Çatışma Alanları [The Current and Potential Ethnic Conflicts in the North Caucasus]

Abstract

    Kuzey Kafkasya, tarih boyunca stratejik ve politik açıdan önemini kaybetmeyen ender coğrafi bölgelerden biridir. Karmaşık etnik yapısına rağmen bölgede, burada çıkarı olan büyük güçlere karşı direniş ve mücadele geleneği ortaya çıkmıştır. Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasıyla bölgede doğan boşluğun doldurulması ve tarihsel hesapların yeniden görülmesiyle ilgili hareketlilik başlamıştır. Özellikle farklı etnik gruplar arasındaki gerilim ve çatışmalar günümüzde Kuzey Kafkasya'nın temel gündemi olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu gerilim ve çatışmaların nedenlerini ve olası sonuçlarını daha iyi anlayabilmek için önce etnik yapı üzerinde kısaca durulacak, ardından başlıca çatışma alanları ve konuları ele alınacaktır.

Keywords

Kuzey Kafkasya, çatışma, etnisite, etnik şiddet, etnik politikalar

Kuzey Kafkasya'da Mevcut ve Potansiyel Etnik Çatışma Alanları [The Current and Potential Ethnic Conflicts in the North Caucasus]

Abstract

    The North Caucasus is an exceptional region which, in terms of economic and political significance, has never lost its importance throughout history. As a result of that significance, the region has witnessed, over the centuries, many struggles against the great powers of the region vying for regional hegemony, despite its internal ethnic diversity. The dissolution of the Soviet Union triggerred conflicts among various groups wanting to fill the power vacuum in the area and settle historical scores. Especially, political tensions and ethnic conflicts among different ethnic groups have become the defining feature of the North Caucasus. To understand the reasons and possible consequences of these processes, first the ethnic structure of the region needs to be analysed. Then, the main areas and subjects of conflict will be studied.

Keywords

North Caucasus, conflict, ethnicity, ethnic violence, ethnic politics

References

• Akusba, Erol (1998). “Kafkasya'da Etnik Sorunlar”, Kafkas Vakıf Bülteni, Kış 1998, Sayı: 3.
• Askerov, Ali (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Chechen Conflict, Maryland.
• Bugajski, J. (2014). “Conflict Zones: The North Caucasus and Western Balkans Compared”, The Jamestown Foundation, Washington.
• Central Eurasia Standard (2014). “A guide to Conflict in the North Caucasus”, 2 February. (Bu yazıya https://cestandard.wordpress.com /2014/02/11/ a-guide-to-conflict-in-the-north-caucasus adresinden ulaşılabilir).
• Coene, F. (2010). The Caucasus: An Introduction, Routledge, London and New York.
• Cornell, E. S. (2001). Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolicial Conflict in the Caucasus, Routledge, London & New York.
• Dudloy, J. (2012). North Ossetia: Russia's Periphery, January. (Bu yazıya russiasperiphery.blogs.vm.edu. adresinden ulaşılabilir).
• Dulayev, I. & Savin, I. (2012). “What Next for North OssetiaComplications or Stability”, in The North Caucasus: views from within. People’s perspectives on peace and security, Saferworld Report,March.
• Dzutsati, V. (2016). “Chechen Government May Be Winner in Dispute Between Dagestani Oligarchs”, Eurasia Daily Monitor, Volume: 13, Issue:110, 20 June.
• .........................(2016). “Chechnya's Governor Confirm His Special Status Within the Russian Federation”, Eurasia Daily Monitor, Volume:13, Issue:105, 13 June.
• ................... (2016). “Circassians Propose New İndependent CrossRegional Groups in the North Caucasus”, Eurasia Daily Monitor, Volume:13, Issue: 60, 28 March.
• ....................(2016). “Moscow Uses Russian Orthodox to Divide Circassian Activists”, Eurasia Daily Monitor, Volume: 13, Issue: 97, 18 May.
• ....................(2013). “Karachay Expert Supports Redrawing Borders in the North Caucasus”, Eurasia Daily Monitor, Volume: 10, Issue: 37, 27 February. (Yazar bu makalesinde Dzutsev soyadını kullanmıştır)
• Foxal, A. (2013). “Mapping Ethnic Relations, Cartography and Conflict Management in the North Caucasus”, in Conflict and Peace in Eurasia, Debidatta Aurobinda Mahapatra (ed.), Routledge, London and New York.
• Goble, P. (2015). “Ethnic Russians Flee North Caucasus Because They Do Not Feel Presence of Russian State”, Jamestown Foundation Blog on Russia and Eurasia, 19 March. (Bu yazıya http://jamestownfoundation. blogspot.com.tr/2015_03_01_archive.html adresinden ulaşılabilir).
• .................(2015). “Non-Russian Are Following Ehnic Russians Out of The North Caucasus”, Jamestown Foundation Blog on Russia and Eurasia, 29 September. (Bu yazıya http://jamestownfoundation.blogspot.com.tr/ 2015/09/non-russians-are-following-ethnic.html adresinden ulaşılabilir).
• Grebennikov, M. (2015). “How Far is too Far?: Circassian Ethnic Mobilization and the redrawing of Internal Borders in the North Caucasus”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol: 48. No: 1, 71-81.
• Guseynov, A. R. (1996). “Ethnic Situation in the Caucasus”, Center for Strategic Research Reports, September-November Issue. (Bu makaleye sam.gov.tr/wp-content/Uploads/2012/01/06-ETHNİC-SİTUATİON-İN-THECAUCASUS adresinden ulaşılabilir).
• Halbach, U. & Isaeva, M. (2015). “Dagestan: Russia's Most Trouble Some Republic Political and Religious on the “Mountains of Tongues”, SWP Research Paper. Berlin
• International Crisis Group Working to Prevent Conflict Wordwide (2012). The North Caucasus: The Challenges of İntegration, Etnicity and Conflict, Moscow/Istanbul/Brussels.
• Jansız, A. & Hojaste, M. R. (2015). “Conflicts in the Caucasus Region and Its Effects on Regional Security Approach”, Journal of Politics and Law, Vol: 8, No:1.
• Khanna, P. (2011). Yeni Dünya Düzeni: Yeni Yükselen Güçler 21. Yüzyılda Dünyayı Nasıl Belirliyor?, Çev: Elif Nihan Akbaş, Pegasus Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Koehn, J. (2011). “The North Caucasus Conflict and its Implications for Russia”, Event Report, Wilson Center, 7 July. (Bu dökümana https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/the-north-caucasus-conflict-and-itsimplications-for-russia adresinden ulaşılabilir).
• Liono, A. (2000). “Economic Survival Strategies in the North Caucasus”, Caucasian Regional Studies, Volume: 5 Issue: 1&2. (Makaleye Poli.vub.ac.be/publi/crs/eng/vol 5/lionu2.htm. adresinden ulaşılabilir).
• Margaritis, C. (2010). “Conflict in the Caucasus”, Res Publica - Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume:15, İssue:1.
• Markedonov, S. (2013). “The North Caucasus: The Value and Costs for Russia”, Global Affairs, 20 December. (Makaleye eng.globalaffairs.ru/ number/The-North-Caucasus-The-Value-and-Costs-for-Russia adresinden ulaşılabilir).
• Matveeva, A. (2012). “North Caucasus: Views From Within People's Perspectives on Peace and Security. Saferworld Report, London. Minority Rights Group International (2014). World Directory of Minorities, 19 February.
• Nichol, J. (2010). “Stability in Russia's Chechnya and Other Regions of the North Caucasus: Recent Developments”, Congressional Research Service, December.
• Novitsky, I. (2011) ‘’Managing Ethnic Policy of The North Caucasus’’. Falcogroup. Krasnodar. (Bu raporun İngilizce ve Rusça versiyonlarına http://falcogroup.org adresinden ulaşılabilir).
• Panin, N. A. & Tikunov, S. V. (2015). “Ethnic 'Barometer': EtnoDemographic and Migration Processes in the North Caucasus”, J. Geogr. Inst. Cvijic. 65(1):77–89. (www. ebscohost. com www.gi.sanu.ac.rs, www.doiserbia.nb.rs adreslerinden ulaşılabilir).
• Rezvani, B. (2010). ”The Ossetian-İngush Confrontation: Explaining a Horizontal Conflict”, Iran and the Caucasus. Volume: 14, No: 2, 419-430.
• Richmond, W. (2008). The Nortwest Caucasus: Past, Present, Future, Routledge, London & New York.
• Tekir, Osman (2011). “Potansiyel Bir Çatışma Alanı: Kuzey Kafkasya”, Regional and Global Dynamics: Economic and Politicial Issues of Turkey and Its Near Abroad, International Symposıum, İzmir Üniversitesi, (e-book)
• Vatehagev, M. (2016). “Disappearances in Dagestan Connected to Police Campaign Against Salafist”, Eurasia Daily Monitor, Volume:13, Issue:109, June 17.
• Infocherkessia. www.infocherkessia.com/cerkes-nufus, (2014) 20 Eylül.
• Wyman, P. (2014). “A History of Violence: The North Caucasus and Mixed Martial Arts: Troubled Pipeline of Talent”, www.bloodyelbow.com. (Erişim Tarihi:25.03.2016)
• Yasa, I. (2008). “Kuzey Kafkasya'da Etnik Kompozisyon ve Çatışmalar”, www.bilgesam.org., 5 Haziran.