Research Article

Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices

Volume: 10 Number: 1 June 30, 2025
TR EN

Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices

Abstract

In this study, the relationships between the Consumer Confidence Index, which is one of the subcomponents of the Economic Confidence Index, and the confidence indices of the real sector (manufacturing industry), construction, trade, and services sectors were examined. Monthly data covering the period from January 2011 to January 2024 were used. The stationarity of the series was analyzed using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests, while structural breaks were identified through the Bai-Perron multiple structural break test. To determine the relationships, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was applied for symmetric effects, and the Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model was used for asymmetric effects. According to the results, a long-run relationship was found between the Consumer Confidence Index and the sectoral confidence indices. The manufacturing and services sectors exhibited symmetric effects in the short run and asymmetric effects in the long run, whereas the trade sector displayed asymmetric effects in both the short and long run. The construction sector showed symmetric effects in the short run and statistically significant asymmetric effects in the long run. Based on the findings, sectoral changes were observed to have different impacts on consumer confidence.

Keywords

References

  1. Acemoglu, D., & Scott, A. (1994). Consumer confidence and rational expectations: Are agents' beliefs consistent with the theory?. The Economic Journal, 1-19.
  2. Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for “lemons”: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488-500.
  3. Arısoy, İ. (2012). Türkiye ekonomisinde iktisadi güven endeksleri ve seçilmiş makro değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin VAR analizi. Maliye Dergisi, 304-315.
  4. Bai. J. & Perron P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of applied econometrics 18(1), 1-22.
  5. Banerjee, A., Dolado, J., Mestre, R. (1998). Error‐correction mechanism tests for cointegration in a single‐equation framework. Journal of time series analysis, 19(3), 267-283.
  6. Baştürk, M. F. (2019). Tüketici Güven Endeksi ile Hisse Senedi Piyasası Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneği. Maliye Dergisi, vol: 177, 145 – 159.
  7. Belton W. J., Nair-Reichert U. (2007). Inflation Regi- mes, Core Inflation Measures and the Relationship Between Producer and Consumer Price Inflation. Applied Economics, 39 (10), 1295-1305.
  8. Coase, R. H. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica, 4(16), 386-405.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Financial Econometrics

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

May 27, 2025

Publication Date

June 30, 2025

Submission Date

April 25, 2024

Acceptance Date

May 8, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 10 Number: 1

APA
Tutumlu, Ö., & Güler, N. (2025). Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 10(1), 155-180. https://izlik.org/JA23NW42XG
AMA
1.Tutumlu Ö, Güler N. Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices. JOEEP. 2025;10(1):155-180. https://izlik.org/JA23NW42XG
Chicago
Tutumlu, Özlem, and Nesrin Güler. 2025. “Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices”. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy 10 (1): 155-80. https://izlik.org/JA23NW42XG.
EndNote
Tutumlu Ö, Güler N (June 1, 2025) Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy 10 1 155–180.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Tutumlu and N. Güler, “Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices”, JOEEP, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 155–180, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA23NW42XG
ISNAD
Tutumlu, Özlem - Güler, Nesrin. “Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices”. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy 10/1 (June 1, 2025): 155-180. https://izlik.org/JA23NW42XG.
JAMA
1.Tutumlu Ö, Güler N. Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices. JOEEP. 2025;10:155–180.
MLA
Tutumlu, Özlem, and Nesrin Güler. “Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices”. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, vol. 10, no. 1, June 2025, pp. 155-80, https://izlik.org/JA23NW42XG.
Vancouver
1.Özlem Tutumlu, Nesrin Güler. Linear and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the Relationship Between the Consumer Confidence Index and Sectoral Confidence Indices. JOEEP [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;10(1):155-80. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA23NW42XG

JOEEP is published as two issues per year June and December and all publication policies and processes are conducted according to the international standards. JOEEP accepts and publishes the research articles in the fields of economics, political economy, fiscal economics, applied economics, business economics, labour economics and econometrics. JOEEP, without depending on any institution or organization, is a non-profit journal that has an International Editorial Board specialist on their fields. All “Publication Process” and “Writing Guidelines” are explained in the related title and it is expected from authors to Show a complete match to the rules. JOEEP is an open Access journal.