The Historical Transformation of Foreign Trade Thought from 15th-Century Mercantilism to 19th-Century Modern Protectionism

Abstract

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the intellectual foundations, subsequent criticisms of the Mercantilist approach, which lay between the end of the feudal system and the development of industrial capitalism, and the processes by which Mercantilist policies were replaced by modern trade policies. For this purpose, it is explained the intellectual process leading from mercantilist thought, which emerged at the end of the 15th century, to classical foreign trade thought, which emerged at the end of the 18th century. The 19th century, beginning with the end of the Napoleonic Wars, has been examined within the framework of the end of mercantilist policies and their replacement by the classical idea of free trade with modern political concepts and tools. The study's finding is that traditional Mercantilist policies were completely abandoned in the 19th century and that international economic relations were characterized by a modern protectionist approach at the end of the century.

Keywords

• Mercantilism
• Protectionism
• Free Trade
• Trade Policies

Dış Ticaret Düşüncesinin 15. Yüzyıl Merkantilizminden 19. Yüzyıl Modern Korumacılığına Tarihsel Dönüşümü

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, feodal sistemin sonu ile sanayi kapitalizminin gelişimi arasında yer alan merkantilist yaklaşımın entelektüel temellerini, daha sonraki eleştirilerini ve merkantilist politikaların modern ticaret politikalarıyla nasıl yer değiştirdiğini göstermektir. Bu amaçla, 15. yüzyılın sonunda ortaya çıkan merkantilist düşünceden, 18. yüzyılın sonunda ortaya çıkan klasik dış ticaret düşüncesine uzanan entelektüel süreç açıklanmıştır. Napolyon Savaşlarının sonuyla başlayan 19. yüzyıl, merkantilist politikaların terk edildiği ve bunların yerini modern siyasi kavramlar ve araçlarla klasik serbest ticaret fikrinin alması çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgusu, geleneksel merkantilist politikaların 19. yüzyılda tamamen terk edildiği ve yüzyılın sonunda uluslararası ekonomik ilişkilerin modern korumacı bir yaklaşımla karakterize edildiğidir.

Keywords

• Merkantilizm
• Korumacılık
• Serbest Ticaret
• Ticaret Politikaları

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