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Kırsal Politikalar ve Halkın Aydın'daki Kırsal Yerleşime Bağlılığı (Türkiye

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 24 - 36, 30.12.2021

Abstract

Türkiye'de 2000'li yıllardan bugüne köylerin mekânsal ve ekonomik yönleri değişmektedir. 6360 sayılı Büyükşehir Yasası (2012) ile çok sayıda (16102) köy “mahalle” statüsüne geçmiştir. Kırsal alanlar genellikle yukarıdan aşağıya politika yaklaşımıyla şekillenmektedir ve son yıllarda, uluslararası ve ulusal bazda kırsal alanların şekillendirilmesinde yerel halkın katılımının önemi giderek önemsenmektedir. Ancak, ülkemizde bu alanda sınırlı sayıda çalışma olduğunu belirtmek mümkündür. Bu makale, yerel halkın kırsal yerleşime olan bağlılığının nedenlerini ve Baltaköy'deki (Aydın, Türkiye) yerel halkın zeytin yetiştiriciliği, mimari ve geleneksel unsurlar arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaya yönelik bir girişimdir. Makale, yerel sakinlerin yaşlarına bağlı olarak iki karşıt yaklaşıma sahip olduklarını göstermektedir—yerel evleri, zeytin değirmenlerini ve kırsal yaşam tarzını korumak ya da onları dikkate almamak.

References

  • Aran, K. (2015). Barınaktan Öte Anadolu Kır Yapıları. Güney Mimarlık TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Adana Şubesi, 19, 10-14.
  • Akyüz Levi, E., & Taşçı, B. (2017). Ege’de Kırsal Mimari Araştırmaları: Bayındır Köyleri. Megaron, 12, 365384.
  • Aydın Commodity Exchange (2019). (Accessed 14 October 2018), https://aydinticaretborsasi.org.tr/yonetim/pdf/317201710465u.pdf/
  • Bayar, R. (2018). Arazi Kullanımı Açısından Türkiye’de Tarım Alanlarının Değişimi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 16, 187- 200.
  • Boyacıoğlu, D., Göçer, Ö., Karahan, E., Benli, G., & Özorhon, G. (2015, July 2015). Exploring the Applicability of International Village Design Guidelines in Turkey. Paper session presentation at the meeting RE-ConD’15 International Conference Re-Evaluation Contemporary Designs in Historical Context. Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Cankül, D., & Ezenel, E. (2018). Bodrum Yarımadası ve Zeytinyağı Turizmi: Uygulanabilirliği Açısından Swot Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 13, 55–68. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.420729.
  • Çorapçıoğlu K., Özgünler, M., Erem, Ö., Seçkin, P., & Oğuz, Z. (2010). Balıkesir Kırsalında Yöresel Doku ve Mimari Özelliklere Uygun Yapılaşmanın Yaygınlaştırılması Projesi. T.C. Bayındırlık ve İskân Bakanlığı Teknik Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Müdürlüğü.
  • Daugstad, K., Rønningen, K., & Skar, B. (2006). Agriculture as an upholder of cultural heritage? Conceptualizations and value judgements - A Norwegian perspective in international context. Journal of Rural Studies, 22, 67–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2005.06.002.
  • Duyguluer, F. (2015). Kırsal Alanlarda Kurumların Mekânsal Yetkileri. Güney Mimarlık TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Adana Şubesi, 19, 15-21.
  • Eres, Z. (2013). Türkiye’de kırsal mimarinin korunması: Tarihsel süreç, yasal boyut. In K.K. Eyüpgiller ve Z. Eres (Eds.), Prof.Dr. Nur Akın’a armağan, Mimari ve Kentsel Koruma (pp.457-469). Istanbul: YEM yayın.
  • Evans, G. (2002). Living in a World Heritage City: Stakeholders in the dialectic of the universal and particular. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 8(2), 117-135. doi: 10.1080/13527250220143913.
  • Furat, M. (2013). Küresel Politika Değişimleri ve Türkiye’de Kırsal Kalkınma. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 589-610. (Accessed 27 September 2019), https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/223245/
  • García-Esparza, J. A. (2015). Epistemological paradigms in the perception and assessment of vernacular architecture. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21, 869-888. doi: 10.1080/13527258.2012.666755.
  • Giannakopoulou, S., & Kaliampakos, D. (2016). The Social aspects of rural, mountainous built environment, Key elements of a regional policy planning. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 21, 849-859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.05.002
  • FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] (2019). Globally important agricultural heritage systems. (Accessed 27 September 2019), http://www.fao.org/3/a-bp772e.pdf/
  • ICOMOS (1999). Charter on the built vernacular heritage. (Accessed 15 June 2019), https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Charters/vernacular_e.pdf/
  • International Olive Council (2019). World Olive Oil Figures. (Accessed 11 October 2019), http://www.internationaloliveoil.org/estaticos/view/131world-olive-oil-figures/
  • Izmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi (2019). Yarımada İzmir, Gezi Rotaları. (Accessed 15 August 2019), http://rota.yarimadaizmir.com/
  • Maudlin, D. (2010). Crossing Boundaries: Revisiting the thresholds of vernacular architecture. Vernacular Architecture, 41, 10-14. doi: 10.1179/174962910X12838716153682.
  • Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2007). Türkiye Turizm Stratejisi 2023, Eylem Planı 2007-2013. (Accessed 16 October 2018), https://www.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/906,ttstratejisi2023pdf.pdf?0/
  • Mitchell, N. J., & Barrett, B. (2017). Exploring agricultural heritage landscapes: A journey across. Terra Incognita, The George Wright Forum, 34, 180–94. (Accessed 27 September 2019), http://www.georgewright.org/342mitchell_barrett.pdf/
  • Rapoport, A. (1969). House form and culture. Englewood, N J, Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
  • Oliver, P. (2006). Built to meet needs: Cultural issues in vernacular architecture. Oxford, Burlington: Elsevier.
  • Öğdül, H.G., & Ongun, İ. (2015). Köylerin Kırsal Kimliğinin Korunmasında Yeni Bir Araç: Köy Tasarım Rehberi. Güney Mimarlık, TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Adana Şubesi, 19, 22-27.
  • Öğdül, H., Olgun, İ., & Çalışkan, Ç.O. (2015). Kastamonu/Küre, Ersizdere Köy Tasarım Rehberi. Ankara: Salmat Basım Yay.
  • Öğdül, H., Gül, M., Olgun, İ., Kap Yücel, S. D., & Çalışkan, Ç. O. (2018). Küre-Ersizlerdere Köy Tasarım Rehberi; Süreç ve Yöntem Üzerine Bir Tartışma. Planlama 2018; (Ek 1), 1–14. doi: 10.14744/planlama.2018.98700
  • Özkaya, D., Özkaya, F., Mücahit, T., Tunalıoğlu, R., Bayar, R., & Tunalıoğlu, E. (2018). Anadolu’da Zeytin ve Zeytinyağlı Yemekler Rotası. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6 (Special issue 3), 263-274. (Accessed 27 September 2019), doi: 10.21325/jotags.2018.253/
  • Ruben, R., & J. Pender. (2004). Rural diversity and heterogeneity in less-favored areas: the quest for policy targeting. Food Policy, 2, 303-20.
  • Scazzosi, L. (2018). Rural landscape as heritage: Reasons for and implications of principles concerning rural landscapes as heritage ICOMOS-IFLA 2017. Built Heritage, 3, 39-52.
  • Schellhorn, M. (2010). Development for whom? Social justice and the business of ecotourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18, 115-135.
  • Shipley, R., & Snyder, M. (2013). The role of heritage conservation districts in achieving community economic development goals. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 19, 304-321.
  • Silva, L. (2014). The two opposing impacts of heritage making on local communities: residents’ perceptions: a Portuguese case. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 20, 616-633.
  • Turkish Republic State Planning Organization National Development Strategy (2009). National Development Strategy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. (Accessed 18 August 2018), https://kkp.tarim.gov.tr/Ukks2007-2013.pdf/
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (2019). (Accessed 20 August 2018), https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/turkiye-istatistik-kurumu-baskanligituik/
  • T.C. Aydın Metropolitan Municipality (2019). Stratejik Plan 2015-2019. Accessed 19 August 2019, http://aydin.bel.tr/Content/files/20152019_stratej%C4%B1k_plan.pdf/
  • United Nations (2019). New urban agenda. (Accessed 21 August 2019), http://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/NUA-English.pdf/
  • Yan, L., Liang, C., & Zhiwen, H. (2017). Conservation of historical and cultural towns and villages in China. Aussie-Sino Studies, 3, 85-97. Accessed 27 September 2019, https://www.researchgate.net/
  • Yenigül, S. B. (2017). Kırsal kalkınma politikalarında yeni yaklaşımlar ve bu yaklaşımların Türkiye’nin kırsal kalkınma politikalarına etkisi. Planlama, 27, 16-25. doi: 10.14744/planlama.2016.47450.
  • UNESCO (2017). Ayvalık Industrial Landscape. http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6243/ Accessed 10 September 2018.
  • Var, E.B., & Kobayashi, H. (2019) Possibility of conserving vernacular houses in the rural areas of Trabzon, Turkey. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 25(1-2), 72-89. Doi. 10.1080/13556207.2019.1596011
  • Worldatlas (2018). Leading Olive Producing Countries. (Accessed 11 September 2018), https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/leading-oliveproducing-countries.html/

Rural Policies and Community’s Attachment to Rural Settlement in Aydın (Turkey)

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 24 - 36, 30.12.2021

Abstract

In Turkey, the spatial and economic aspects of villages have changed since the 2000s. A great number of (16102) villages have become a “quarter” through the Metropolitan Law No. 6360 (2012). Rural areas have been generally shaped through centralized vertical approaches. In recent years, the importance of the participation of the local people in shaping rural areas are emphasized. However, there is limited study. The paper is an attempt to understand the reasons behind the local residents’ attachment to rural built-up environments and the architectural and traditional elements of olive oil processing in Baltaköy (Aydın, Turkey). The article indicates that residents have two opposing approaches—conserving vernacular houses, olive mils and the rural lifestyle and neglecting them—depending on their age.

References

  • Aran, K. (2015). Barınaktan Öte Anadolu Kır Yapıları. Güney Mimarlık TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Adana Şubesi, 19, 10-14.
  • Akyüz Levi, E., & Taşçı, B. (2017). Ege’de Kırsal Mimari Araştırmaları: Bayındır Köyleri. Megaron, 12, 365384.
  • Aydın Commodity Exchange (2019). (Accessed 14 October 2018), https://aydinticaretborsasi.org.tr/yonetim/pdf/317201710465u.pdf/
  • Bayar, R. (2018). Arazi Kullanımı Açısından Türkiye’de Tarım Alanlarının Değişimi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 16, 187- 200.
  • Boyacıoğlu, D., Göçer, Ö., Karahan, E., Benli, G., & Özorhon, G. (2015, July 2015). Exploring the Applicability of International Village Design Guidelines in Turkey. Paper session presentation at the meeting RE-ConD’15 International Conference Re-Evaluation Contemporary Designs in Historical Context. Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Cankül, D., & Ezenel, E. (2018). Bodrum Yarımadası ve Zeytinyağı Turizmi: Uygulanabilirliği Açısından Swot Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 13, 55–68. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.420729.
  • Çorapçıoğlu K., Özgünler, M., Erem, Ö., Seçkin, P., & Oğuz, Z. (2010). Balıkesir Kırsalında Yöresel Doku ve Mimari Özelliklere Uygun Yapılaşmanın Yaygınlaştırılması Projesi. T.C. Bayındırlık ve İskân Bakanlığı Teknik Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Müdürlüğü.
  • Daugstad, K., Rønningen, K., & Skar, B. (2006). Agriculture as an upholder of cultural heritage? Conceptualizations and value judgements - A Norwegian perspective in international context. Journal of Rural Studies, 22, 67–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2005.06.002.
  • Duyguluer, F. (2015). Kırsal Alanlarda Kurumların Mekânsal Yetkileri. Güney Mimarlık TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Adana Şubesi, 19, 15-21.
  • Eres, Z. (2013). Türkiye’de kırsal mimarinin korunması: Tarihsel süreç, yasal boyut. In K.K. Eyüpgiller ve Z. Eres (Eds.), Prof.Dr. Nur Akın’a armağan, Mimari ve Kentsel Koruma (pp.457-469). Istanbul: YEM yayın.
  • Evans, G. (2002). Living in a World Heritage City: Stakeholders in the dialectic of the universal and particular. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 8(2), 117-135. doi: 10.1080/13527250220143913.
  • Furat, M. (2013). Küresel Politika Değişimleri ve Türkiye’de Kırsal Kalkınma. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 589-610. (Accessed 27 September 2019), https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/223245/
  • García-Esparza, J. A. (2015). Epistemological paradigms in the perception and assessment of vernacular architecture. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21, 869-888. doi: 10.1080/13527258.2012.666755.
  • Giannakopoulou, S., & Kaliampakos, D. (2016). The Social aspects of rural, mountainous built environment, Key elements of a regional policy planning. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 21, 849-859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.05.002
  • FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] (2019). Globally important agricultural heritage systems. (Accessed 27 September 2019), http://www.fao.org/3/a-bp772e.pdf/
  • ICOMOS (1999). Charter on the built vernacular heritage. (Accessed 15 June 2019), https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Charters/vernacular_e.pdf/
  • International Olive Council (2019). World Olive Oil Figures. (Accessed 11 October 2019), http://www.internationaloliveoil.org/estaticos/view/131world-olive-oil-figures/
  • Izmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi (2019). Yarımada İzmir, Gezi Rotaları. (Accessed 15 August 2019), http://rota.yarimadaizmir.com/
  • Maudlin, D. (2010). Crossing Boundaries: Revisiting the thresholds of vernacular architecture. Vernacular Architecture, 41, 10-14. doi: 10.1179/174962910X12838716153682.
  • Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2007). Türkiye Turizm Stratejisi 2023, Eylem Planı 2007-2013. (Accessed 16 October 2018), https://www.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/906,ttstratejisi2023pdf.pdf?0/
  • Mitchell, N. J., & Barrett, B. (2017). Exploring agricultural heritage landscapes: A journey across. Terra Incognita, The George Wright Forum, 34, 180–94. (Accessed 27 September 2019), http://www.georgewright.org/342mitchell_barrett.pdf/
  • Rapoport, A. (1969). House form and culture. Englewood, N J, Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
  • Oliver, P. (2006). Built to meet needs: Cultural issues in vernacular architecture. Oxford, Burlington: Elsevier.
  • Öğdül, H.G., & Ongun, İ. (2015). Köylerin Kırsal Kimliğinin Korunmasında Yeni Bir Araç: Köy Tasarım Rehberi. Güney Mimarlık, TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Adana Şubesi, 19, 22-27.
  • Öğdül, H., Olgun, İ., & Çalışkan, Ç.O. (2015). Kastamonu/Küre, Ersizdere Köy Tasarım Rehberi. Ankara: Salmat Basım Yay.
  • Öğdül, H., Gül, M., Olgun, İ., Kap Yücel, S. D., & Çalışkan, Ç. O. (2018). Küre-Ersizlerdere Köy Tasarım Rehberi; Süreç ve Yöntem Üzerine Bir Tartışma. Planlama 2018; (Ek 1), 1–14. doi: 10.14744/planlama.2018.98700
  • Özkaya, D., Özkaya, F., Mücahit, T., Tunalıoğlu, R., Bayar, R., & Tunalıoğlu, E. (2018). Anadolu’da Zeytin ve Zeytinyağlı Yemekler Rotası. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6 (Special issue 3), 263-274. (Accessed 27 September 2019), doi: 10.21325/jotags.2018.253/
  • Ruben, R., & J. Pender. (2004). Rural diversity and heterogeneity in less-favored areas: the quest for policy targeting. Food Policy, 2, 303-20.
  • Scazzosi, L. (2018). Rural landscape as heritage: Reasons for and implications of principles concerning rural landscapes as heritage ICOMOS-IFLA 2017. Built Heritage, 3, 39-52.
  • Schellhorn, M. (2010). Development for whom? Social justice and the business of ecotourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18, 115-135.
  • Shipley, R., & Snyder, M. (2013). The role of heritage conservation districts in achieving community economic development goals. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 19, 304-321.
  • Silva, L. (2014). The two opposing impacts of heritage making on local communities: residents’ perceptions: a Portuguese case. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 20, 616-633.
  • Turkish Republic State Planning Organization National Development Strategy (2009). National Development Strategy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. (Accessed 18 August 2018), https://kkp.tarim.gov.tr/Ukks2007-2013.pdf/
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (2019). (Accessed 20 August 2018), https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/turkiye-istatistik-kurumu-baskanligituik/
  • T.C. Aydın Metropolitan Municipality (2019). Stratejik Plan 2015-2019. Accessed 19 August 2019, http://aydin.bel.tr/Content/files/20152019_stratej%C4%B1k_plan.pdf/
  • United Nations (2019). New urban agenda. (Accessed 21 August 2019), http://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/NUA-English.pdf/
  • Yan, L., Liang, C., & Zhiwen, H. (2017). Conservation of historical and cultural towns and villages in China. Aussie-Sino Studies, 3, 85-97. Accessed 27 September 2019, https://www.researchgate.net/
  • Yenigül, S. B. (2017). Kırsal kalkınma politikalarında yeni yaklaşımlar ve bu yaklaşımların Türkiye’nin kırsal kalkınma politikalarına etkisi. Planlama, 27, 16-25. doi: 10.14744/planlama.2016.47450.
  • UNESCO (2017). Ayvalık Industrial Landscape. http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6243/ Accessed 10 September 2018.
  • Var, E.B., & Kobayashi, H. (2019) Possibility of conserving vernacular houses in the rural areas of Trabzon, Turkey. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 25(1-2), 72-89. Doi. 10.1080/13556207.2019.1596011
  • Worldatlas (2018). Leading Olive Producing Countries. (Accessed 11 September 2018), https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/leading-oliveproducing-countries.html/
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Urban Policy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gökçe Şimşek 0000-0002-8520-0620

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şimşek, G. (2021). Rural Policies and Community’s Attachment to Rural Settlement in Aydın (Turkey). JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 6(2), 24-36.

JOEEP is published as two issues per year June and December and all publication policies and processes are conducted according to the international standards. JOEEP accepts and publishes the research articles in the fields of economics, political economy, fiscal economics, applied economics, business economics, labour economics and econometrics. JOEEP, without depending on any institution or organization, is a non-profit journal that has an International Editorial Board specialist on their fields. All “Publication Process” and “Writing Guidelines” are explained in the related title and it is expected from authors to Show a complete match to the rules. JOEEP is an open Access journal.