Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Covid-19 Psikolojik Stresinin Toplu Taşıma Memnuniyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye’ nin 7 Bölgesinde Ampirik Bir Çalışma

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 420 - 435, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Dünya genelinde hızla yayılan Covid-19 virüsü, halk sağlığını ve toplu taşımayı küresel boyutta tehdit etmektedir. Toplu taşıma araçları, bulaşıcı hastalıkların insandan insana bulaşmasına elverişli kapalı alanlardır. Bulaş riski sebebiyle yerel ve uluslararası ulaşıma yönelik kısıtlamalar hayata geçmiştir. Bu kısıtlamalar toplu taşıma oranlarını ve yolcu davranışlarını büyük oranda değiştirmiştir. Literatür taramasında, Türkiye’nin 7 bölgesinde Covid-19 psikolojik stresinin toplu taşımadaki etkilerini ele alan bir çalışmaya rastlanılamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de toplu taşıma memnuniyetinin, katılım ve davranışsal niyet üzerindeki etkisinde Covid-19 psikolojik stresinin moderatör etkisini ölçmektir. Toplu taşıma araçlarını kullanan 1200 kişiye anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, toplu taşıma araçlarını sık kullanmanın Covid-19’a yakalanmayı kolaylaştırdığı görüşünün yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir. Toplu taşıma memnuniyeti ile katılım arasındaki ilişkide Covid-19 psikolojik stresinin moderatör etkisine sahip olduğu kanıtlanmıştır.

References

  • Açıkgöz, M.B., Akay, B., Miguel, A.F., & Aydın, M. (2011). Airborne pathogens transport in an aircraft cabin. Defect Diffusion Forum, 312, 865-870.
  • Akça, M. (2020). Covid-19’un havacılık sektörüne etkisi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(4), 45-64.
  • Aliçavuşoğlu, Ç., & Gürbüz, A. (2017). Yerel ulaşım hizmetlerinde hizmet kalite boyutlarının değerlendirilmesi. PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(4), 74-86.
  • Anadolu Ajansı, (2021). Covid-19 toplu taşıma kullanım oranı, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem.
  • Associated Press, (2020). Officials Fear Woman Infected Plane Passengers with Covid19, https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/coronavirus/officials-fearwoman-infected-plane-passengers-with-covid-19/2328097/.
  • Bae, H., & Lee, B. (2004). Audience involvement and its antecedents: An analysis of the electronic bulletin board messages about an entertainment-education drama on divorce in Korea. Asian Journal of Communication, 14(1), 6–21.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Bhin, M., & Son, S. (2021). Reduction and reallocation of bus use under Covid-19: An analysis of bus card data of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 25(3), 416-436.
  • Boyraz, G., Waits, J. B., & Felix, V.A. (2014). Authenticity, life satisfaction, and distress: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(3), 498–505.
  • Brody, C., Chhoun, P., Tuot, S., Pal, K., Chhim, K., Yi, S. (2015). HIV risk and psychological distress among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1-10.
  • Canbulut, G. (2019). Şehir İçi Ulaşımda Toplu Taşıma Araçlarının Seçiminin AHP ve VIKOR Teknikleri İle Çok Kriterli Modellenmesi, Gazi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 178-187.
  • Cengiz, T. G., & Günay, İ. (2011). Toplu Taşıma Araçlarının Türk İnsanının Antropometrik Yapısına Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi.
  • Chen, Y, Wang H., A., Yi, B., et al., (2020). The epidemiological characteristics of infection in close contacts of Covid-19 in Ningbo city. Chin. J. Epidemiol.
  • Cronin Jr, J. J., Brady, M.K., & Hult, G.T.M. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193-218.
  • Çatı, K. (2013). Ulaşım hizmetlerinde hizmet kalitesi ve bir uygulama, C.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 27(1), 121-134.
  • Çemrek, F. (2018). Investigation of the satisfaction of the ındividuals of the community transportation: The case of Eskisehir province, The Journal of Operations Research, Statistics, Econometrics and Management Information Systems, 6 (2), 417-426.
  • Darsena, D., Gelli, G., Iudice, I., & Verde, F. (2021). Enabling and Emerging Sensing Technologies for Crowd Avoidance in Public Transportation: A Review, 1-11.
  • De Vos, J. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 and subsequent social distancing on travel behavior. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5.
  • Dell’Olio, L., Ibeas, A., & Cecin, P. (2011). The quality of service desired by public transport users. Transport Policy, 18(1), 217-227.
  • Dingil, A. E., & Esztergár-Kiss, D. (2021). The Influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Mobility Patterns: The First Wave’s Results. Transportation Letters, 13(5-6), 434-446.
  • Dong, H., Ma, S., Jia, N., & Tian, J. (2021). Understanding public transport satisfaction in post COVID-19 pandemic. Transport Policy, 101, 81-88.
  • Du, Z., Wang, L., Cauchemez, S., Xu, X., Wang, X., Cowling, B. J., & Meyers, L. A. (2020). Risk for transportation of coronavirus disease from Wuhan to other cities in China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(5), 1049.
  • Dzisi, E.K.J., & Dei, O.A. (2020). Adherence to social distancing and wearing of masks within public transportation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 7, 100191.
  • Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2015). Relationships between rail passengers’ satisfaction and service quality: A framework for identifying key service factors. Public Transport, 7 (2), 185–201.
  • Edwards, N. J., Widrick, R., Wilmes, J., Breisch, B., Gerschefske, M., Sullivan, J., ... Espinoza-Calvio, A. (2021). Reducing Covid-19 airborne transmission risks on public transportation buses: An empirical study on aerosol dispersion and control. Aerosol Science and Technology, 55(12), 1378-1397.
  • Efthymiou, D., Antoniou, C., Tyrinopoulos, Y., & Skaltsogianni, E. (2018). Factors affecting bus users’ satisfaction in times of economic crisis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 114, 3-12.
  • Ekergil, V., & Kodalak, E. (2020). Covid-19 sağlık krizinde raylı toplu taşımadaki maliyet sorununa bölgesel tarife önerisi: Eskişehir uygulaması, İşletme Akademisi Dergisi, 1(3), 275-293.
  • Ella, G.A. (2021). Gender, mobility, and Covid-19: The Case of Belgium. Feminist Economics, 27(1-2), 66-80.
  • Erbaş, Ö. (2020). Covid-19 döneminde hareketlilik: İstanbul kent içi toplu ulaşım, Kent Akademisi, 13(3), 431-442.
  • Feng, L., Dong, Z., Yan, R., Wu, X., Zhang, L., Ma, J., & Zeng, Y. (2020). Psychological distress in the shadow of the Covid19 pandemic: Preliminary development of an assessment scale. Psychiatry Research.
  • Firuzan, A.R., Alpaykut, S., & Kuvvetli, Ü. (2012). Bulanık Servqual yaklaşımıyla toplu taşımada kalitenin ölçülmesi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29, 78-94.
  • Fornell, C. (1992). A national customer satisfaction barometer: The Swedish experience. Journal of Marketing, 56(1), 6-21.
  • Fredericks, B. (2020). WHO says Europe is new epicenter of coronavirus pandemic. New York Post. https://nypost.com/2020/03/13/who-says-europe-is-new-epicenter-of-coronavirus-pandemic/.
  • Gaskin, D. J., Zare, H., & Delarmente, B.A. (2021). Geographic disparities in Covid-19 infections and deaths: The role of transportation. Transport policy, 102, 35-46.
  • Guirao, B., García-Pastor, A., & López-Lambas, M. E. (2016). The importance of service quality attributes in public transportation: Narrowing the gap between scientific research and practitioners' needs. Transport Policy, 49, 68-77.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (3. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., ... & Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560.
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., Gao, H., Guo, L., Xie, J., Wang, G., Jiang, R., Gao, Z., Jin, Q., Wang, J., & Cao, B., (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395, 497–506.
  • Iacus, S., Natale, F., Santamaria, C., Spyratos, S., & Vespe, M. (2020). Estimating and projecting air passenger traffic during the Covid-19 coronavirus outbreak and its socio-economic impact. Safety Science, 129, 104791.
  • Irtema, H.I.M., Ismail, A., Borhan, M.N., Das, A.M., & Alshetwi, A.B. (2018). Case study of the behavioural intentions of public transportation passengers in Kuala Lumpur. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 6(4), 462-474.
  • Joewono, T.B., & Kubota, H. (2007). User satisfaction with paratransit in competition with motorization in Indonesia: anticipation of future implications. Transportation, 34 (3), 337–354.
  • Kamplimath, H., Shivam, S., & Goenka, S. (2021). A user opinion survey on the probable impact of Covid-19 on long-distance travel in India. Transportation Letters, 13(5-6), 388-394.
  • Karakavuz, H. (2020). Covid-19’un Türk havayolu işletmeleri üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin bir Swot analizi. Turkish Studies, 15(8), 3573-3591.
  • Keubo, F.R.N., Mboua, P.C., Tadongfack, T.D., Tchoffo, E.F., Tatang, C.T., Zeuna, J.I., ..., & Folefack, G.O. (2021). Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three Covid-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. In Annales Médico-psychologiques. Revue Psychiatrique, 179 (2), 141-146.
  • Kopsidas, A., Milioti, C., Kepaptsoglou, K., & Vlachogianni, E. I. (2021). How did the Covid-19 pandemic impact traveler behavior toward public transport? The case of Athens, Greece. Transportation Letters, 13(5-6), 344-352.
  • Kraemer, M.U.G., Yang, C.H., Gutierrez, B., Wu, C.-H., & Klein, B. (2020). The effect of human mobility and control measures on the Covid-19 epidemic in China. Science, 368(6940), 493–497.
  • Kurt, Y. (2020). Hava Taşımacılığında Covid-19 Krizi: Yolcuları ve İnsan Kaynaklarını Koruma Önlemleri. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 191-211.
  • Kutela, B., Novat, N., & Langa, N. (2021). Exploring geographical distribution of transportation research themes related to Covid19 using text network approach. Sustainable cities and society, 67, 102729.
  • Lahav, Y. (2020). Psychological distress related to Covid-19–the contribution of continuous traumatic stress. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 129-137.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., ..., Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), 203976.
  • Lai, W. T., & Chen, C. F. (2011). Behavioral intentions of public transit passengers-The roles of service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and involvement. Transport policy, 18(2), 318-325.
  • Lam, K.K.L., & Zhou, M. (2020). A serial mediation model testing growth mindset, life satisfaction, and perceived distress as predictors of perseverance of effort. Personality and Individual Differences, 167, 110262.
  • Li, Z., Ge, J., Yang, M., Feng, J., Qiao, M., Jiang, R., ... & Yang, C. (2020). Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain, behaviour, and immunity, 88, 916-919.
  • Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the Covid-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 17-18.
  • Liu, X., & Zhang, S. (2020). Covid-19: Facemasks and human-to-human transmission. Influenza and Other Respiratory Diseases, 14, 472–473.
  • Lorasokkay, M.A., & Ağırdır, M.L. (2011). Konya kentiçi toplu taşım sisteminde otobüslerin sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. EJournal of New World Sciences Academy, 6(4), 1074-1085.
  • Macit, A., & Macit, D. (2020). Türk Sivil Havacılık sektöründe Covid-19 pandemisinin yönetimi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(4), 100-116.
  • Maji, A., Choudhari, T., & Sushma, M.B. (2020). Implication of repatriating migrant workers on Covid-19 spread and transportation requirements. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 7, 100187.
  • Mogaji, E. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on transportation in Lagos, Nigeria. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 6, 100154.
  • Morfoulaki, M., Tyrinopoulos, Y., & Aifadopoulou, G. (2010). Estimation of satisfied customers in public transport systems: A new methodological approach. In Journal of the Transportation Research Forum 46, 1, 63-72.
  • Musselwhite, C., Avineri, E., & Susilo, Y. (2020). Editorial JTH 16–The Coronavirus Disease Covid-19 and implications for transport and health. Journal of Transport & Health, 16, 100853.
  • Nathanail, E. (2008). Measuring the quality of service for passengers on the Hellenic railways. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 42(1), 48-66.
  • Nurkovic, A., Demirel, M., Gökaşar, I., Işık, S., & Ersoy, C. (2015). Toplu taşıma araçlarıyla seyahat için akıllı yönlendirme. 17. Akademik Bilişim Konferansı. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir.
  • Önder, H.G., & Akdemir, F. (2019). Türkiye’deki kentiçi raylı toplu taşıma sistemlerinin ulaşım ana planları bağlamında değerlendirilmesi, Demiryolu Mühendisliği, 10, 31-45.
  • Petrick, J.F. (2004). The roles of quality, value, and satisfaction in predicting cruise passengers’ behavioral intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 397-407.
  • Rothan, H. A., & Byrareddy, S.N. (2020). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity, 109, 102433.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı, (tarih yok). Covid-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/.
  • Serbest, K. (2014). Toplu taşıma araçları için duracak ikaz düğmesi tasarımı, TÜBAV Bilim, 7(1), 1-6.
  • Shen, J., Duan, H., Zhang, B., Wang, J., Ji, J. S., Wang, J., ..., & Shi, X. (2020). Prevention and control of Covid-19 in public transportation: Experience from China. Environmental Pollution, 115291.
  • Siu, A.F., & Chang, J.F. (2011). Coping styles and psychological distress among Hong Kong university students: Validation of the collectivist coping style inventory. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 33(2), 88–100.
  • Smyth, J. M., Zawadzki, M. J., Juth, V., & Sciamanna, C.N. (2017). Global life satisfaction predicts ambulatory affect, stress, and cortisol in daily life in working adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 320–331.
  • Sparke, M., & Anguelov, D. (2020). Contextualising coronavirus geographically. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 45(3), 498–508.
  • Tola, H.H., Shojaeizadeh, D., Garmaroudi, G., Tol, A., Yekaninejad, M.S., Ejeta, L.T., Kebede, A., Karimi, M., & Kassa, D., (2015). Psychological distress and its effect on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Ethiopia. Global Health Action, 8(1), 29019.
  • TUİK, (2021). Motorlu kara taşıtları. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Motorlu-Kara-Tasitlari-Aralik-2021.
  • Tyrinopoulos, Y., & Antoniou, C. (2008). Public transit user satisfaction: Variability and policy implications. Transport Policy, 15(4), 260-272.
  • Van Lierop, D., & El-Geneidy, A. (2016). Enjoying loyalty: The relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in public transit. Research in Transportation Economics, 59, 50-59.
  • Wei, C. H., & Kao, C.Y. (2010). Measuring traveler involvement in urban public transport services: The case of Kaohsiung. Transport policy, 17(6), 444-453.
  • Wei, J. T., Liu, Y. X., Zhu, Y. C., Qian, J., Ye, R. Z., Li, C. Y., ..., & Cheeloo EcoHealth Consortium. (2020). Impacts of transportation and meteorological factors on the transmission of Covid-19. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 230, 113610.
  • World Health Organization (2021). Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic. https://covid19.who.int.
  • Yıldırım, K. (2013). Ankara’nın batı koridorundaki kentsel gelişimin ve toplu taşıma sistemlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Ankara Lojistik Üssü ve Sanayi Bölgeleri Örnekleri. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13, 1-22.
  • Yilmaz, V., & Dalbudak, Z.İ. (2018). Araci Değişken Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Yüksek Hızlı Tren İşletmeciliği Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 14(2), 517-534.
  • Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31-46.
  • Zeng, Z., Chen, P. J., & Lew, A.A. (2020). From high-touch to high-tech: Covid-19 drives robotics adoption. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 724-734.
  • Zhang, J. (2020). Transport policymaking that accounts for Covid-19 and future public health threats: A PASS approach. Transport Policy, 99, 405-418.
  • Zheng, R., Xu, Y., Wang, W., Ning, G., & Bi, Y. (2020). Spatial transmission of Covid-19 via public and private transportation in China. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 34, 101626.
  • Zhu, S., Wu, Y., Zhu, C. Y., Hong, W. C., Yu, Z. X., Chen, Z. K., Chen, Z.L., Jinag, D.G., & Wang, Y. G. (2020). The immediate mental health impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic among people with or without quarantine managements. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 56-58.
  • Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., Liang, L., Huang, H., Hong, Z., ..., & Wu, J. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(12), 1177-1179.

The Effect of Covid-19 Psychological Stress on Public Transport Satisfaction: An Empirical Study in 7 Regions of Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 420 - 435, 30.06.2022

Abstract

The rapidly spreading Covid-19 virus worldwide threatens public health and public transportation on a global scale. Public transport vehicles are closed areas suitable for the transmission of infectious diseases from person to person. Due to the risk of contamination, restrictions on local and international transportation have been implemented. These restrictions have greatly changed public transport rates and passenger behavior. In the literature review, we could not find a study dealing with the effects of Covid-19 psychological stress on public transportation in 7 regions of Turkey. This study aims to measure the moderator effect of Covid-19 psychological stress on the effect of public transport satisfaction on involvement and behavioral intention in Turkey. A survey was conducted with 1200 people using public vehicles. Research findings show that the view that frequent use of public transport makes it easier to catch Covid-19 is widespread. Covid-19 psychological stress has been proven to have a moderator effect on the relationship between public transport satisfaction and involvement.

References

  • Açıkgöz, M.B., Akay, B., Miguel, A.F., & Aydın, M. (2011). Airborne pathogens transport in an aircraft cabin. Defect Diffusion Forum, 312, 865-870.
  • Akça, M. (2020). Covid-19’un havacılık sektörüne etkisi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(4), 45-64.
  • Aliçavuşoğlu, Ç., & Gürbüz, A. (2017). Yerel ulaşım hizmetlerinde hizmet kalite boyutlarının değerlendirilmesi. PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(4), 74-86.
  • Anadolu Ajansı, (2021). Covid-19 toplu taşıma kullanım oranı, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem.
  • Associated Press, (2020). Officials Fear Woman Infected Plane Passengers with Covid19, https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/coronavirus/officials-fearwoman-infected-plane-passengers-with-covid-19/2328097/.
  • Bae, H., & Lee, B. (2004). Audience involvement and its antecedents: An analysis of the electronic bulletin board messages about an entertainment-education drama on divorce in Korea. Asian Journal of Communication, 14(1), 6–21.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Bhin, M., & Son, S. (2021). Reduction and reallocation of bus use under Covid-19: An analysis of bus card data of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 25(3), 416-436.
  • Boyraz, G., Waits, J. B., & Felix, V.A. (2014). Authenticity, life satisfaction, and distress: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(3), 498–505.
  • Brody, C., Chhoun, P., Tuot, S., Pal, K., Chhim, K., Yi, S. (2015). HIV risk and psychological distress among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1-10.
  • Canbulut, G. (2019). Şehir İçi Ulaşımda Toplu Taşıma Araçlarının Seçiminin AHP ve VIKOR Teknikleri İle Çok Kriterli Modellenmesi, Gazi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 178-187.
  • Cengiz, T. G., & Günay, İ. (2011). Toplu Taşıma Araçlarının Türk İnsanının Antropometrik Yapısına Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi.
  • Chen, Y, Wang H., A., Yi, B., et al., (2020). The epidemiological characteristics of infection in close contacts of Covid-19 in Ningbo city. Chin. J. Epidemiol.
  • Cronin Jr, J. J., Brady, M.K., & Hult, G.T.M. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193-218.
  • Çatı, K. (2013). Ulaşım hizmetlerinde hizmet kalitesi ve bir uygulama, C.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 27(1), 121-134.
  • Çemrek, F. (2018). Investigation of the satisfaction of the ındividuals of the community transportation: The case of Eskisehir province, The Journal of Operations Research, Statistics, Econometrics and Management Information Systems, 6 (2), 417-426.
  • Darsena, D., Gelli, G., Iudice, I., & Verde, F. (2021). Enabling and Emerging Sensing Technologies for Crowd Avoidance in Public Transportation: A Review, 1-11.
  • De Vos, J. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 and subsequent social distancing on travel behavior. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5.
  • Dell’Olio, L., Ibeas, A., & Cecin, P. (2011). The quality of service desired by public transport users. Transport Policy, 18(1), 217-227.
  • Dingil, A. E., & Esztergár-Kiss, D. (2021). The Influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Mobility Patterns: The First Wave’s Results. Transportation Letters, 13(5-6), 434-446.
  • Dong, H., Ma, S., Jia, N., & Tian, J. (2021). Understanding public transport satisfaction in post COVID-19 pandemic. Transport Policy, 101, 81-88.
  • Du, Z., Wang, L., Cauchemez, S., Xu, X., Wang, X., Cowling, B. J., & Meyers, L. A. (2020). Risk for transportation of coronavirus disease from Wuhan to other cities in China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(5), 1049.
  • Dzisi, E.K.J., & Dei, O.A. (2020). Adherence to social distancing and wearing of masks within public transportation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 7, 100191.
  • Eboli, L., & Mazzulla, G. (2015). Relationships between rail passengers’ satisfaction and service quality: A framework for identifying key service factors. Public Transport, 7 (2), 185–201.
  • Edwards, N. J., Widrick, R., Wilmes, J., Breisch, B., Gerschefske, M., Sullivan, J., ... Espinoza-Calvio, A. (2021). Reducing Covid-19 airborne transmission risks on public transportation buses: An empirical study on aerosol dispersion and control. Aerosol Science and Technology, 55(12), 1378-1397.
  • Efthymiou, D., Antoniou, C., Tyrinopoulos, Y., & Skaltsogianni, E. (2018). Factors affecting bus users’ satisfaction in times of economic crisis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 114, 3-12.
  • Ekergil, V., & Kodalak, E. (2020). Covid-19 sağlık krizinde raylı toplu taşımadaki maliyet sorununa bölgesel tarife önerisi: Eskişehir uygulaması, İşletme Akademisi Dergisi, 1(3), 275-293.
  • Ella, G.A. (2021). Gender, mobility, and Covid-19: The Case of Belgium. Feminist Economics, 27(1-2), 66-80.
  • Erbaş, Ö. (2020). Covid-19 döneminde hareketlilik: İstanbul kent içi toplu ulaşım, Kent Akademisi, 13(3), 431-442.
  • Feng, L., Dong, Z., Yan, R., Wu, X., Zhang, L., Ma, J., & Zeng, Y. (2020). Psychological distress in the shadow of the Covid19 pandemic: Preliminary development of an assessment scale. Psychiatry Research.
  • Firuzan, A.R., Alpaykut, S., & Kuvvetli, Ü. (2012). Bulanık Servqual yaklaşımıyla toplu taşımada kalitenin ölçülmesi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29, 78-94.
  • Fornell, C. (1992). A national customer satisfaction barometer: The Swedish experience. Journal of Marketing, 56(1), 6-21.
  • Fredericks, B. (2020). WHO says Europe is new epicenter of coronavirus pandemic. New York Post. https://nypost.com/2020/03/13/who-says-europe-is-new-epicenter-of-coronavirus-pandemic/.
  • Gaskin, D. J., Zare, H., & Delarmente, B.A. (2021). Geographic disparities in Covid-19 infections and deaths: The role of transportation. Transport policy, 102, 35-46.
  • Guirao, B., García-Pastor, A., & López-Lambas, M. E. (2016). The importance of service quality attributes in public transportation: Narrowing the gap between scientific research and practitioners' needs. Transport Policy, 49, 68-77.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (3. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., ... & Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560.
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., Gao, H., Guo, L., Xie, J., Wang, G., Jiang, R., Gao, Z., Jin, Q., Wang, J., & Cao, B., (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395, 497–506.
  • Iacus, S., Natale, F., Santamaria, C., Spyratos, S., & Vespe, M. (2020). Estimating and projecting air passenger traffic during the Covid-19 coronavirus outbreak and its socio-economic impact. Safety Science, 129, 104791.
  • Irtema, H.I.M., Ismail, A., Borhan, M.N., Das, A.M., & Alshetwi, A.B. (2018). Case study of the behavioural intentions of public transportation passengers in Kuala Lumpur. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 6(4), 462-474.
  • Joewono, T.B., & Kubota, H. (2007). User satisfaction with paratransit in competition with motorization in Indonesia: anticipation of future implications. Transportation, 34 (3), 337–354.
  • Kamplimath, H., Shivam, S., & Goenka, S. (2021). A user opinion survey on the probable impact of Covid-19 on long-distance travel in India. Transportation Letters, 13(5-6), 388-394.
  • Karakavuz, H. (2020). Covid-19’un Türk havayolu işletmeleri üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin bir Swot analizi. Turkish Studies, 15(8), 3573-3591.
  • Keubo, F.R.N., Mboua, P.C., Tadongfack, T.D., Tchoffo, E.F., Tatang, C.T., Zeuna, J.I., ..., & Folefack, G.O. (2021). Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three Covid-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. In Annales Médico-psychologiques. Revue Psychiatrique, 179 (2), 141-146.
  • Kopsidas, A., Milioti, C., Kepaptsoglou, K., & Vlachogianni, E. I. (2021). How did the Covid-19 pandemic impact traveler behavior toward public transport? The case of Athens, Greece. Transportation Letters, 13(5-6), 344-352.
  • Kraemer, M.U.G., Yang, C.H., Gutierrez, B., Wu, C.-H., & Klein, B. (2020). The effect of human mobility and control measures on the Covid-19 epidemic in China. Science, 368(6940), 493–497.
  • Kurt, Y. (2020). Hava Taşımacılığında Covid-19 Krizi: Yolcuları ve İnsan Kaynaklarını Koruma Önlemleri. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 191-211.
  • Kutela, B., Novat, N., & Langa, N. (2021). Exploring geographical distribution of transportation research themes related to Covid19 using text network approach. Sustainable cities and society, 67, 102729.
  • Lahav, Y. (2020). Psychological distress related to Covid-19–the contribution of continuous traumatic stress. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 129-137.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., ..., Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), 203976.
  • Lai, W. T., & Chen, C. F. (2011). Behavioral intentions of public transit passengers-The roles of service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and involvement. Transport policy, 18(2), 318-325.
  • Lam, K.K.L., & Zhou, M. (2020). A serial mediation model testing growth mindset, life satisfaction, and perceived distress as predictors of perseverance of effort. Personality and Individual Differences, 167, 110262.
  • Li, Z., Ge, J., Yang, M., Feng, J., Qiao, M., Jiang, R., ... & Yang, C. (2020). Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain, behaviour, and immunity, 88, 916-919.
  • Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the Covid-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 17-18.
  • Liu, X., & Zhang, S. (2020). Covid-19: Facemasks and human-to-human transmission. Influenza and Other Respiratory Diseases, 14, 472–473.
  • Lorasokkay, M.A., & Ağırdır, M.L. (2011). Konya kentiçi toplu taşım sisteminde otobüslerin sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. EJournal of New World Sciences Academy, 6(4), 1074-1085.
  • Macit, A., & Macit, D. (2020). Türk Sivil Havacılık sektöründe Covid-19 pandemisinin yönetimi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(4), 100-116.
  • Maji, A., Choudhari, T., & Sushma, M.B. (2020). Implication of repatriating migrant workers on Covid-19 spread and transportation requirements. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 7, 100187.
  • Mogaji, E. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on transportation in Lagos, Nigeria. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 6, 100154.
  • Morfoulaki, M., Tyrinopoulos, Y., & Aifadopoulou, G. (2010). Estimation of satisfied customers in public transport systems: A new methodological approach. In Journal of the Transportation Research Forum 46, 1, 63-72.
  • Musselwhite, C., Avineri, E., & Susilo, Y. (2020). Editorial JTH 16–The Coronavirus Disease Covid-19 and implications for transport and health. Journal of Transport & Health, 16, 100853.
  • Nathanail, E. (2008). Measuring the quality of service for passengers on the Hellenic railways. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 42(1), 48-66.
  • Nurkovic, A., Demirel, M., Gökaşar, I., Işık, S., & Ersoy, C. (2015). Toplu taşıma araçlarıyla seyahat için akıllı yönlendirme. 17. Akademik Bilişim Konferansı. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir.
  • Önder, H.G., & Akdemir, F. (2019). Türkiye’deki kentiçi raylı toplu taşıma sistemlerinin ulaşım ana planları bağlamında değerlendirilmesi, Demiryolu Mühendisliği, 10, 31-45.
  • Petrick, J.F. (2004). The roles of quality, value, and satisfaction in predicting cruise passengers’ behavioral intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 397-407.
  • Rothan, H. A., & Byrareddy, S.N. (2020). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity, 109, 102433.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı, (tarih yok). Covid-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/.
  • Serbest, K. (2014). Toplu taşıma araçları için duracak ikaz düğmesi tasarımı, TÜBAV Bilim, 7(1), 1-6.
  • Shen, J., Duan, H., Zhang, B., Wang, J., Ji, J. S., Wang, J., ..., & Shi, X. (2020). Prevention and control of Covid-19 in public transportation: Experience from China. Environmental Pollution, 115291.
  • Siu, A.F., & Chang, J.F. (2011). Coping styles and psychological distress among Hong Kong university students: Validation of the collectivist coping style inventory. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 33(2), 88–100.
  • Smyth, J. M., Zawadzki, M. J., Juth, V., & Sciamanna, C.N. (2017). Global life satisfaction predicts ambulatory affect, stress, and cortisol in daily life in working adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 320–331.
  • Sparke, M., & Anguelov, D. (2020). Contextualising coronavirus geographically. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 45(3), 498–508.
  • Tola, H.H., Shojaeizadeh, D., Garmaroudi, G., Tol, A., Yekaninejad, M.S., Ejeta, L.T., Kebede, A., Karimi, M., & Kassa, D., (2015). Psychological distress and its effect on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Ethiopia. Global Health Action, 8(1), 29019.
  • TUİK, (2021). Motorlu kara taşıtları. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Motorlu-Kara-Tasitlari-Aralik-2021.
  • Tyrinopoulos, Y., & Antoniou, C. (2008). Public transit user satisfaction: Variability and policy implications. Transport Policy, 15(4), 260-272.
  • Van Lierop, D., & El-Geneidy, A. (2016). Enjoying loyalty: The relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in public transit. Research in Transportation Economics, 59, 50-59.
  • Wei, C. H., & Kao, C.Y. (2010). Measuring traveler involvement in urban public transport services: The case of Kaohsiung. Transport policy, 17(6), 444-453.
  • Wei, J. T., Liu, Y. X., Zhu, Y. C., Qian, J., Ye, R. Z., Li, C. Y., ..., & Cheeloo EcoHealth Consortium. (2020). Impacts of transportation and meteorological factors on the transmission of Covid-19. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 230, 113610.
  • World Health Organization (2021). Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic. https://covid19.who.int.
  • Yıldırım, K. (2013). Ankara’nın batı koridorundaki kentsel gelişimin ve toplu taşıma sistemlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Ankara Lojistik Üssü ve Sanayi Bölgeleri Örnekleri. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13, 1-22.
  • Yilmaz, V., & Dalbudak, Z.İ. (2018). Araci Değişken Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Yüksek Hızlı Tren İşletmeciliği Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 14(2), 517-534.
  • Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31-46.
  • Zeng, Z., Chen, P. J., & Lew, A.A. (2020). From high-touch to high-tech: Covid-19 drives robotics adoption. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 724-734.
  • Zhang, J. (2020). Transport policymaking that accounts for Covid-19 and future public health threats: A PASS approach. Transport Policy, 99, 405-418.
  • Zheng, R., Xu, Y., Wang, W., Ning, G., & Bi, Y. (2020). Spatial transmission of Covid-19 via public and private transportation in China. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 34, 101626.
  • Zhu, S., Wu, Y., Zhu, C. Y., Hong, W. C., Yu, Z. X., Chen, Z. K., Chen, Z.L., Jinag, D.G., & Wang, Y. G. (2020). The immediate mental health impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic among people with or without quarantine managements. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 56-58.
  • Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., Liang, L., Huang, H., Hong, Z., ..., & Wu, J. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(12), 1177-1179.
There are 87 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gözde Yangınlar 0000-0002-3814-2982

Murat Yalçıntaş 0000-0002-7993-7853

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yangınlar, G., & Yalçıntaş, M. (2022). Covid-19 Psikolojik Stresinin Toplu Taşıma Memnuniyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye’ nin 7 Bölgesinde Ampirik Bir Çalışma. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 7(1), 420-435.

JOEEP is published as two issues per year June and December and all publication policies and processes are conducted according to the international standards. JOEEP accepts and publishes the research articles in the fields of economics, political economy, fiscal economics, applied economics, business economics, labour economics and econometrics. JOEEP, without depending on any institution or organization, is a non-profit journal that has an International Editorial Board specialist on their fields. All “Publication Process” and “Writing Guidelines” are explained in the related title and it is expected from authors to Show a complete match to the rules. JOEEP is an open Access journal.