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BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Küreselleşme, Ekonomik Karmaşıklık ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: Heterojen Panel Veri Analizi

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 379 - 388, 30.12.2022

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, BRICS-T ülkelerinde küreselleşme, ekonomik karmaşıklık ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişki 1992-2017 yıllarına ait veriler kullanılarak Görünürde İlişkisiz Regresyon (SUR) ile incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, yatay kesit bağımlılığının test edilmesinde Breusch-Pagan LM testi, homojenliğin test edilmesinde Swamy S testi, Pesaran ve Yamagata tarafından geliştirilen D ve Dadj testinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, Çin, Hindistan ve Rusya’da küreselleşmedeki artışın gelir eşitsizliğini arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca analiz sonuçları, ekonomik karmaşıklıktaki artışın Türkiye ve Rusya’da gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığı, Brezilya’da ise arttırdığını göstermektedir. Bir diğer değişken olan beşerî sermayeye göre Brezilya, Çin ve Güney Afrika’daki beşerî sermayedeki artış gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmaktadır.

References

  • Akbabay, Z. & Barak, D. (2020). Yükselen Piyasalarda Ekonomik Küreselleşme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 16(1), 17-34.
  • Akkaya, Ş. (2011). Küreselleşen ekonomik sorunlar ve vergilemenin küreselleşmesi. İstanbul: Filiz Kitabevi.
  • Altıner, A., Bozkurt, E. & Toktaş, Y. (2018, Mayıs). Ekonomik Küreselleşme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Bir Uygulama (2000-2014), Uluslararası 4. Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu, Antalya, Türkiye.
  • Atif, S. M., Srivastav, M., Sauytbekova, M. & Arachchige, U. K. (2012). Globalization and income inequality: a panel data analysis of 68 countries. EconStor, 1-14.
  • Balan, F., Torun, M. & Kılıc, C. (2015). Globalization and Income Inequality in G7: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(10), 192.
  • Bandeira Morais, M., Swart, J. & Jordaan, J.A. (2021). Economic Complexity and Inequality: Does Regional Productive Structure Affect Income Inequality in Brazilian States? Sustainability, 13, 1006.
  • Breusch, T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1). 239-253.
  • Bucak, Ç. (2022). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Karmaşıklık ve Küreselleşme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 14(26), 92-105.
  • Bükey, A. M. (2020). Türkiye’de ekonomik krizler ve gelir dağılımı: 1994, 2001 ve 2008 krizleri tecrübesi, İksad Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Bükey, A. M., & Çetin, B. I. (2017). Türkiye’de Gelir Dağılımına Etki Eden Faktörlerin En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi ile Analizi. Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 103-117.
  • Can, M. & Doğan, B. (2018). Ekonomik Kompleksite ve Finansal Gelişme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örnekleminde Ampirik Bir Analiz. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 55 (638), 5-16.
  • Cengiz, O., & Manga, M. (2021) Ekonomik Karmaşıklık Gelir Eşitsizliğini Azaltır Mı? Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(24), 130-147.
  • Dorn, F., Fuest, C., & Potrafke, N. (2018). Globalization and income inequality revisited. Working Paper, No. 247
  • Dreher, A. (2006). Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization. Applied Economics, 38(10), 1091-1110.
  • Emek, Ö. F. & Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020). Gelir Eşitsizliği ile Enflasyon İlişkisinin Gelişmişlik Düzeyine Göre Heterojen Panel Veri Modelleri ile Analizi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi (Journal of Social Security), 10(2). 301-312.
  • Felıpe, J., Abdon, A. & Kumar, U. (2012). Tracking The Middle-İncome Trap: What is it, Who is in it, and Why? Levy Economics Institute, Working Paper. 715.
  • Gygli, S., Haelg, F. & Potrafke, N. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index – revisited. Rev Int Organ 14, 543–574.
  • Hausmann, R., Hidalgo, C. A., Bustos, S., Coscia, M. & SİMOES, A. (2014). The atlas of economic complexity: Mapping paths to prosperity. Mit Press.
  • Hidalgo, C. A., & Hausmann, R. (2009). The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(26), 10570–10575.
  • Kılıçarslan, Z., & Dumrul, Y. (2018). The Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from the Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8(5), 115–123.
  • Lapatinas, A. (2016). Economic Complexity and Human Development: A Note. Economics Bulletin, 36(3), 1441-1452.
  • Le Caous, E. & Huarng, F. (2020). Economic complexity and the mediating effects of income inequality: Reaching sustainable development in developing countries. Sustainability, 12(5), 2089.
  • Lee, K. K. & VU, T. V. (2020). Economic Complexity, Human Capital and İncome İnequality: A Cross-Country Analysis. The Japanese Economic Review. 71(4), 695-718.
  • Mir, U. R., Syeda, M. H. & Qadri, M. M. (2014). Understanding Globalization and its Future: An Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences. 34(2), 607-624.
  • Osinubi, T. T. & Olomola, P. A. (2020). Globalisation and İncome İnequality in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey: A Dynamic GMM Approach. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 7(1), 91-104.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 0435.
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics. 142(1), 50-93.
  • Potrafke, N. (2015). The Evidence on Globalisation. The World Economy. 38(3), 509-552.
  • Stojkoski, V. & Kocarev, L. (2017). The relationship between growth and economic complexity: Evidence from southeastern and central europe. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No. 77837.
  • Swamy, P. (1971). Statistical Inference in Random Coefficient Regression Models. New York: Springer.
  • Tekbaş, M. (2019). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme ve Küreselleşme İlişkisi. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4 (3), 397-412.
  • Tekbaş, M. (2021). The Impact of Economic, Social and Political Globalization on Economic Growth: Evidence From BRICS-T Countries. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 20 (1), 57-71.
  • Tunalı, H. & Çetinkaya, H. (2019). Küreselleşmenin Gelir Eşitsizliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: G7 Ülkeleri Panel Veri Analizi. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 4(10), 224-237.
  • Walayat, K., Salahuddin, T. & Nasim, I. (2021). Effectiveness of Globalization and Human Capital on Market & Net Income Inequality in NEXT11 Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. IRASD Journal of Economics. 3(3).
  • Yalta, Y. A. & Yalta, T. (2021). Determinants of Economic Complexity in MENA Countries. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy. 6(1), 5-16.
  • Yanar, R. & Şahbaz, A. (2013). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Küreselleşmenin Yoksulluk ve Gelir Eşitsizliği Üzerindeki Etkileri. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 8(3), 55-74.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020). İleri panel veri analizi (stata uygulamalı), Beta Yayınevi.
  • Zellner, A. (1962). An Efficient Method of Estimating Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Tests for Aggregation Bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 57(298). 34.
  • Zhu, S. & Li R. (2017). Economic Complexity, Human Capital and Economic Growth: Empirical Research Based on Cross-Country Panel Data. Applied Economics, 49:38, 3815-3828.

Globalization, Economic Complexity and Income Inequality in BRICS-T Countries: Heterogeneous Panel Data Analysis

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 379 - 388, 30.12.2022

Abstract

In this study, the relationship between globalization, economic complexity and income inequality in the BRICS-T countries was examined with an seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) using data from 1992-2017. In this context, in the study, the Breusch-Pagan LM test was used to test the cross-sectional dependence, the Swamy S test was used to test the homogeneity, and the D and Dadj tests developed by Pesaran and Yamagata were used. According to the results of the study, it has been determined that the increase in globalization in China, India and Russia increases income inequality. In addition, the results of the analysis show that the increase in economic complexity reduces income inequality in Turkey and Russia, and increases it in Brazil. According to another variable, human capital, the increase in human capital in Brazil, China and South Africa reduces income inequality.

References

  • Akbabay, Z. & Barak, D. (2020). Yükselen Piyasalarda Ekonomik Küreselleşme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 16(1), 17-34.
  • Akkaya, Ş. (2011). Küreselleşen ekonomik sorunlar ve vergilemenin küreselleşmesi. İstanbul: Filiz Kitabevi.
  • Altıner, A., Bozkurt, E. & Toktaş, Y. (2018, Mayıs). Ekonomik Küreselleşme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Bir Uygulama (2000-2014), Uluslararası 4. Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu, Antalya, Türkiye.
  • Atif, S. M., Srivastav, M., Sauytbekova, M. & Arachchige, U. K. (2012). Globalization and income inequality: a panel data analysis of 68 countries. EconStor, 1-14.
  • Balan, F., Torun, M. & Kılıc, C. (2015). Globalization and Income Inequality in G7: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(10), 192.
  • Bandeira Morais, M., Swart, J. & Jordaan, J.A. (2021). Economic Complexity and Inequality: Does Regional Productive Structure Affect Income Inequality in Brazilian States? Sustainability, 13, 1006.
  • Breusch, T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1). 239-253.
  • Bucak, Ç. (2022). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Karmaşıklık ve Küreselleşme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 14(26), 92-105.
  • Bükey, A. M. (2020). Türkiye’de ekonomik krizler ve gelir dağılımı: 1994, 2001 ve 2008 krizleri tecrübesi, İksad Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Bükey, A. M., & Çetin, B. I. (2017). Türkiye’de Gelir Dağılımına Etki Eden Faktörlerin En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi ile Analizi. Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 103-117.
  • Can, M. & Doğan, B. (2018). Ekonomik Kompleksite ve Finansal Gelişme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örnekleminde Ampirik Bir Analiz. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 55 (638), 5-16.
  • Cengiz, O., & Manga, M. (2021) Ekonomik Karmaşıklık Gelir Eşitsizliğini Azaltır Mı? Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(24), 130-147.
  • Dorn, F., Fuest, C., & Potrafke, N. (2018). Globalization and income inequality revisited. Working Paper, No. 247
  • Dreher, A. (2006). Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization. Applied Economics, 38(10), 1091-1110.
  • Emek, Ö. F. & Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020). Gelir Eşitsizliği ile Enflasyon İlişkisinin Gelişmişlik Düzeyine Göre Heterojen Panel Veri Modelleri ile Analizi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi (Journal of Social Security), 10(2). 301-312.
  • Felıpe, J., Abdon, A. & Kumar, U. (2012). Tracking The Middle-İncome Trap: What is it, Who is in it, and Why? Levy Economics Institute, Working Paper. 715.
  • Gygli, S., Haelg, F. & Potrafke, N. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index – revisited. Rev Int Organ 14, 543–574.
  • Hausmann, R., Hidalgo, C. A., Bustos, S., Coscia, M. & SİMOES, A. (2014). The atlas of economic complexity: Mapping paths to prosperity. Mit Press.
  • Hidalgo, C. A., & Hausmann, R. (2009). The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(26), 10570–10575.
  • Kılıçarslan, Z., & Dumrul, Y. (2018). The Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from the Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8(5), 115–123.
  • Lapatinas, A. (2016). Economic Complexity and Human Development: A Note. Economics Bulletin, 36(3), 1441-1452.
  • Le Caous, E. & Huarng, F. (2020). Economic complexity and the mediating effects of income inequality: Reaching sustainable development in developing countries. Sustainability, 12(5), 2089.
  • Lee, K. K. & VU, T. V. (2020). Economic Complexity, Human Capital and İncome İnequality: A Cross-Country Analysis. The Japanese Economic Review. 71(4), 695-718.
  • Mir, U. R., Syeda, M. H. & Qadri, M. M. (2014). Understanding Globalization and its Future: An Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences. 34(2), 607-624.
  • Osinubi, T. T. & Olomola, P. A. (2020). Globalisation and İncome İnequality in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey: A Dynamic GMM Approach. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 7(1), 91-104.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 0435.
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics. 142(1), 50-93.
  • Potrafke, N. (2015). The Evidence on Globalisation. The World Economy. 38(3), 509-552.
  • Stojkoski, V. & Kocarev, L. (2017). The relationship between growth and economic complexity: Evidence from southeastern and central europe. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No. 77837.
  • Swamy, P. (1971). Statistical Inference in Random Coefficient Regression Models. New York: Springer.
  • Tekbaş, M. (2019). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme ve Küreselleşme İlişkisi. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4 (3), 397-412.
  • Tekbaş, M. (2021). The Impact of Economic, Social and Political Globalization on Economic Growth: Evidence From BRICS-T Countries. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 20 (1), 57-71.
  • Tunalı, H. & Çetinkaya, H. (2019). Küreselleşmenin Gelir Eşitsizliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: G7 Ülkeleri Panel Veri Analizi. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 4(10), 224-237.
  • Walayat, K., Salahuddin, T. & Nasim, I. (2021). Effectiveness of Globalization and Human Capital on Market & Net Income Inequality in NEXT11 Countries: A Panel Data Analysis. IRASD Journal of Economics. 3(3).
  • Yalta, Y. A. & Yalta, T. (2021). Determinants of Economic Complexity in MENA Countries. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy. 6(1), 5-16.
  • Yanar, R. & Şahbaz, A. (2013). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Küreselleşmenin Yoksulluk ve Gelir Eşitsizliği Üzerindeki Etkileri. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 8(3), 55-74.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020). İleri panel veri analizi (stata uygulamalı), Beta Yayınevi.
  • Zellner, A. (1962). An Efficient Method of Estimating Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Tests for Aggregation Bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 57(298). 34.
  • Zhu, S. & Li R. (2017). Economic Complexity, Human Capital and Economic Growth: Empirical Research Based on Cross-Country Panel Data. Applied Economics, 49:38, 3815-3828.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seda Selin Keleş 0000-0003-3439-1153

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Keleş, S. S. (2022). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Küreselleşme, Ekonomik Karmaşıklık ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: Heterojen Panel Veri Analizi. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 7(2), 379-388.

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