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The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety in the Relationship Between Workplace Envy and Malicious Creativity

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 408 - 422

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine whether psychological safety has a mediating role in the relationship between workplace jealousy and malevolent creativity. To this end, a survey was administered to a total of 470 employees working in the private sector in the province of Hatay. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the model fit of the variables, while correlation, regression, mediation analysis, and finally path analysis were performed to examine the magnitude and direction of the relationships among the variables. The research hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling. The analyses revealed that workplace jealousy, as the independent variable, positively affects malevolent creativity; however, the hypothesis proposing that workplace jealousy would negatively affect psychological safety was not supported. Similarly, the proposition that psychological safety would negatively influence malevolent creativity was also not confirmed. In addition, the findings indicate that psychological safety has a partial mediating role in the relationship between workplace jealousy and malevolent creativity.

References

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  • Andrieș, A. M. (2011). Positive and negative emotions within the organizational context. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11(9), 26–39.
  • Arlı, N. B., Aydemir, M., & Çelik, E. (2018). Çalışan kıskançlığı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İş, Güç: Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 20(4), 5–17.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
  • Bradley, B. H., Postlethwaite, B. E., Klotz, A. C., Hamdani, M. R., & Brown, K. G. (2012). Reaping the benefits of task conflict in teams: The critical role of team psychological safety climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 151–158.
  • Brown, D. J., Ferris, D. L., Heller, D., & Keeping, L. M. (2007). Antecedents and consequences of the frequency of upward and downward social comparisons at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 59–75.
  • Bülbül, S., İşiaçık, S., & Aytaç, S. (2022). Measurement of perceived psychological safety: Integration, review and evidences for the scale in the context of Turkey. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 65, 15–28. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-974757
  • Chang, S. H., Shu, Y., Lin, Y. H., & Wang, C. L. (2019). “I believe”, “I think”, then “I will”? Investigating the mediator role of ethical judgment between internet ethical self-efficacy and ethical behavioral intention. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 387–393.
  • Clark, K., & James, K. (1999). Justice and positive and negative creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 12, 311–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1204_9
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education (5th ed.). Routledge Falmer.
  • Cropley, D. H., Kaufman, J. C., & Runco, M. A. (2008). The dark side of creativity. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cropley, D. H., Kaufman, J. C., & Runco, M. A. (2010). Malevolent creativity: A functional model of creativity in terrorism and crime. Creativity Research Journal, 22(2), 105–115.
  • Dogan, K., & Vecchio, R. P. (2001). Managing envy and jealousy in the workplace. Compensation & Benefits Review, 33(2), 57–64.
  • Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., Shaw, J. D., Tepper, B. J., & Aquino, K. (2012). A social context model of envy and social undermining. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 643–666.
  • Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383.
  • Edmondson, A. C., & Lei, Z. (2014). Psychological safety: The history, renaissance, and future of an interpersonal construct. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 23–43.
  • Eğinli, A. T., & Bitirim, S. (2010). Örgütlerde kişilerarası ilişkilerde bir problem: Psikolojik yıldırma. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (İLKE), 24, 45–66.
  • Eissa, G., & Wyland, R. (2015). Keeping up with the Joneses. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 23(1), 55–65.
  • Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34(3), 169–189. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3403_3
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  • Gibson, C. B., & Gibbs, J. L. (2006). Unpacking the concept of virtuality: The effects of geographic dispersion, electronic dependence, dynamic structure, and national diversity on team innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(3), 451–495.
  • Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306437
  • Grosser, T. J., Lopez-Kidwell, V., Labianca, G., & Ellwardt, L. (2012). Hearing it through the grapevine: Positive and negative workplace gossip. Organizational Dynamics, 41, 52–61.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage.
  • Hao, P., He, W., & Long, L. (2016). Why and when empowering leadership has different effects on employee work performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 1024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01024
  • Harris, D. J., & Reiter-Palmon, R. (2015). Fast and furious: The influence of implicit aggression, premeditation, and provoking situations on malevolent creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038499
  • Harris, D. J., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Kaufman, J. C. (2013). The effect of emotional intelligence and task type on malevolent creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 7, 237–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032139
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135.
  • Hirak, R., Peng, A. C., Carmeli, A., & Schaubroeck, J. M. (2012). Linking leader inclusiveness to work unit performance: The importance of psychological safety and learning from failures. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), 107–117.
  • Hu, J., & Zhao, H. (2016). Employee well-being and innovation: The mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of supervisory support. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 1(3), 101–108.
  • James, K., Clark, K., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). Positive and negative creativity in groups, institutions, and organizations: A model and theoretical extension. Creativity Research Journal, 12, 211–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1203_6
  • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724.
  • Kapoor, H., & Kaufman, J. C. (2021). Unbound: The relationship among creativity, moral foundations, and dark personality. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.523
  • Kara, E., Akbaba, M., Yakut, E., Çetinel, M. H., & Pasli, M. M. (2023). The mediating effect of green human resources management on the relationship between organizational sustainability and innovative behavior: An application in Turkey. Sustainability, 15(3), 2068.
  • Khan, M. S., Elahi, N. S., & Abid, G. (2021). Workplace incivility and job satisfaction: Mediation of subjective well-being and moderation of forgiveness climate in health care sector. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 11(4), 1107–1119.
  • Kim, M. J., & Kim, B. J. (2020). Analysis of the importance of job insecurity, psychological safety and job satisfaction in the CSR–performance link. Sustainability, 12(9), 3514. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093514
  • Kim, S., Jung, D., & Lee, J. (2013). Service employees’ deviant behaviors and leader–member exchange in contexts of dispositional envy and jealousy. Service Business, 7, 583–602.
  • Koopman, J., Lin, S.-H., Lennard, A., Matta, F., & Johnson, R. (2020). My coworkers are treated more fairly than me! A self-regulatory perspective on justice social comparisons. Academy of Management Journal, 63(3), 857–880.
  • Kramer, R. M. (1999). Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology, 50(1), 569–598.
  • Küçük Aydın, B., & Taştan, S. (2019). The examination of the impact of workplace envy on individual outcomes of counterproductive work behavior and contextual performance: The role of self control. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 735–766.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. McGraw-Hill.
  • Lee, F., Edmondson, A. C., Thomke, S., & Worline, M. (2004). The mixed effects of inconsistency on experimentation in organizations. Organization Science, 15(3), 310–326.
  • Lee, K., & Duffy, M. (2019). A functional model of workplace envy and job performance: When do employees capitalize on envy by learning from envied targets? Academy of Management Journal, 62(4), 1085–1110.
  • Lee, S., & Dow, G. (2011). Malevolent creativity: Does personality influence malicious divergent thinking? Creativity Research Journal, 23(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2011.571179
  • Li, M., Xu, X., & Kwan, H. K. (2023). The antecedents and consequences of workplace envy: A meta-analytic review. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 40(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-021-09772-y
  • Menon, T., & Thompson, L. (2010). Envy at work. Harvard Business Review, 88(4), 1–6.
  • Mo, S., Lupoli, M. J., Newman, A., & Umphress, E. E. (2023). Good intentions, bad behavior: A review and synthesis of the literature on unethical prosocial behavior (UPB) at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 44(2), 335–354.
  • Nakip, M., & Yaraş, E. (2017). Pazarlamada araştırma teknikleri ve SPSS uygulamaları (4. baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
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İş Yeri Kıskançlığı İle Kötü Niyetli Yaratıcılık İlişkisinde Psikolojik Güvenliğin Aracı Rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 408 - 422

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, iş yeri kıskançlığı ve kötü niyetli yaratıcılık arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik güvenliğin aracılık rolünün olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda araştırma için Hatay ilindeki özel sektörde çalışan toplam 470 katılımcı üzerinde anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Araştırmadaki değişkenlerin model uyumunu belirlemek amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, değişkenlerin arasındaki ilişkinin boyutunu ölçmek amacıyla korelasyon, regresyon, aracılık testi analizi ve son olarak yol analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın hipotezleri Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda bağımsız değişken olan işyeri kıskançlığının, kötü niyetli yaratıcılığı pozitif yönde etkilediği; psikolojik güvenliği ise negatif yönde etkileyeceğine yönelik hipotezin doğrulanmadığı görülmüştür. Aynı şekilde psikolojik güvenlik algısının da kötü niyetli yaratıcılığı negatif yönde etkileyeceği hipotezi doğrulanmamıştır. Ayrıca iş yeri kıskançlığı ile kötü niyetli yaratıcılık ilişkisinde psikolojik güvenliğin kısmi aracı rolü olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Akben, G., Coşkun, H., & Akben, C. (2024). Kötü niyetli yaratıcılık ölçeği (KNYÖ): Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 61, 1810–1826. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1388714
  • Andrieș, A. M. (2011). Positive and negative emotions within the organizational context. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 11(9), 26–39.
  • Arlı, N. B., Aydemir, M., & Çelik, E. (2018). Çalışan kıskançlığı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İş, Güç: Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 20(4), 5–17.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
  • Bradley, B. H., Postlethwaite, B. E., Klotz, A. C., Hamdani, M. R., & Brown, K. G. (2012). Reaping the benefits of task conflict in teams: The critical role of team psychological safety climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 151–158.
  • Brown, D. J., Ferris, D. L., Heller, D., & Keeping, L. M. (2007). Antecedents and consequences of the frequency of upward and downward social comparisons at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 59–75.
  • Bülbül, S., İşiaçık, S., & Aytaç, S. (2022). Measurement of perceived psychological safety: Integration, review and evidences for the scale in the context of Turkey. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 65, 15–28. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-974757
  • Chang, S. H., Shu, Y., Lin, Y. H., & Wang, C. L. (2019). “I believe”, “I think”, then “I will”? Investigating the mediator role of ethical judgment between internet ethical self-efficacy and ethical behavioral intention. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 387–393.
  • Clark, K., & James, K. (1999). Justice and positive and negative creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 12, 311–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1204_9
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education (5th ed.). Routledge Falmer.
  • Cropley, D. H., Kaufman, J. C., & Runco, M. A. (2008). The dark side of creativity. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cropley, D. H., Kaufman, J. C., & Runco, M. A. (2010). Malevolent creativity: A functional model of creativity in terrorism and crime. Creativity Research Journal, 22(2), 105–115.
  • Dogan, K., & Vecchio, R. P. (2001). Managing envy and jealousy in the workplace. Compensation & Benefits Review, 33(2), 57–64.
  • Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., Shaw, J. D., Tepper, B. J., & Aquino, K. (2012). A social context model of envy and social undermining. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 643–666.
  • Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383.
  • Edmondson, A. C., & Lei, Z. (2014). Psychological safety: The history, renaissance, and future of an interpersonal construct. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 23–43.
  • Eğinli, A. T., & Bitirim, S. (2010). Örgütlerde kişilerarası ilişkilerde bir problem: Psikolojik yıldırma. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (İLKE), 24, 45–66.
  • Eissa, G., & Wyland, R. (2015). Keeping up with the Joneses. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 23(1), 55–65.
  • Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34(3), 169–189. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3403_3
  • Elliot, J., Callahan, P., & Bandler, J. (2021). Lord of the Roths: How tech mogul Peter Thiel turned a retirement account for the middle class into a $5 billion tax-free piggy bank. ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/lord-of-the-roths
  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
  • Gibson, C. B., & Gibbs, J. L. (2006). Unpacking the concept of virtuality: The effects of geographic dispersion, electronic dependence, dynamic structure, and national diversity on team innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(3), 451–495.
  • Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306437
  • Grosser, T. J., Lopez-Kidwell, V., Labianca, G., & Ellwardt, L. (2012). Hearing it through the grapevine: Positive and negative workplace gossip. Organizational Dynamics, 41, 52–61.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage.
  • Hao, P., He, W., & Long, L. (2016). Why and when empowering leadership has different effects on employee work performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 1024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01024
  • Harris, D. J., & Reiter-Palmon, R. (2015). Fast and furious: The influence of implicit aggression, premeditation, and provoking situations on malevolent creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038499
  • Harris, D. J., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Kaufman, J. C. (2013). The effect of emotional intelligence and task type on malevolent creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 7, 237–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032139
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135.
  • Hirak, R., Peng, A. C., Carmeli, A., & Schaubroeck, J. M. (2012). Linking leader inclusiveness to work unit performance: The importance of psychological safety and learning from failures. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), 107–117.
  • Hu, J., & Zhao, H. (2016). Employee well-being and innovation: The mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of supervisory support. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 1(3), 101–108.
  • James, K., Clark, K., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). Positive and negative creativity in groups, institutions, and organizations: A model and theoretical extension. Creativity Research Journal, 12, 211–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1203_6
  • Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724.
  • Kapoor, H., & Kaufman, J. C. (2021). Unbound: The relationship among creativity, moral foundations, and dark personality. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.523
  • Kara, E., Akbaba, M., Yakut, E., Çetinel, M. H., & Pasli, M. M. (2023). The mediating effect of green human resources management on the relationship between organizational sustainability and innovative behavior: An application in Turkey. Sustainability, 15(3), 2068.
  • Khan, M. S., Elahi, N. S., & Abid, G. (2021). Workplace incivility and job satisfaction: Mediation of subjective well-being and moderation of forgiveness climate in health care sector. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 11(4), 1107–1119.
  • Kim, M. J., & Kim, B. J. (2020). Analysis of the importance of job insecurity, psychological safety and job satisfaction in the CSR–performance link. Sustainability, 12(9), 3514. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093514
  • Kim, S., Jung, D., & Lee, J. (2013). Service employees’ deviant behaviors and leader–member exchange in contexts of dispositional envy and jealousy. Service Business, 7, 583–602.
  • Koopman, J., Lin, S.-H., Lennard, A., Matta, F., & Johnson, R. (2020). My coworkers are treated more fairly than me! A self-regulatory perspective on justice social comparisons. Academy of Management Journal, 63(3), 857–880.
  • Kramer, R. M. (1999). Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology, 50(1), 569–598.
  • Küçük Aydın, B., & Taştan, S. (2019). The examination of the impact of workplace envy on individual outcomes of counterproductive work behavior and contextual performance: The role of self control. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 735–766.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. McGraw-Hill.
  • Lee, F., Edmondson, A. C., Thomke, S., & Worline, M. (2004). The mixed effects of inconsistency on experimentation in organizations. Organization Science, 15(3), 310–326.
  • Lee, K., & Duffy, M. (2019). A functional model of workplace envy and job performance: When do employees capitalize on envy by learning from envied targets? Academy of Management Journal, 62(4), 1085–1110.
  • Lee, S., & Dow, G. (2011). Malevolent creativity: Does personality influence malicious divergent thinking? Creativity Research Journal, 23(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2011.571179
  • Li, M., Xu, X., & Kwan, H. K. (2023). The antecedents and consequences of workplace envy: A meta-analytic review. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 40(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-021-09772-y
  • Menon, T., & Thompson, L. (2010). Envy at work. Harvard Business Review, 88(4), 1–6.
  • Mo, S., Lupoli, M. J., Newman, A., & Umphress, E. E. (2023). Good intentions, bad behavior: A review and synthesis of the literature on unethical prosocial behavior (UPB) at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 44(2), 335–354.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Organizasyon, Organizational Culture, Strategy, Management and Organisational Behaviour (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gamze Özcan 0000-0001-7005-4758

Ergün Kara 0000-0002-7815-1111

Early Pub Date December 7, 2025
Publication Date December 13, 2025
Submission Date September 26, 2025
Acceptance Date December 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özcan, G., & Kara, E. (2025). İş Yeri Kıskançlığı İle Kötü Niyetli Yaratıcılık İlişkisinde Psikolojik Güvenliğin Aracı Rolü. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 10(2), 408-422.

JOEEP is published as two issues per year June and December and all publication policies and processes are conducted according to the international standards. JOEEP accepts and publishes the research articles in the fields of economics, political economy, fiscal economics, applied economics, business economics, labour economics and econometrics. JOEEP, without depending on any institution or organization, is a non-profit journal that has an International Editorial Board specialist on their fields. All “Publication Process” and “Writing Guidelines” are explained in the related title and it is expected from authors to Show a complete match to the rules. JOEEP is an open Access journal.