Year 2019,
Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 87 - 107, 31.12.2019
Georgia Zounı
Evangelia Bogrı
İoanna Georgakı
References
- Ahmed, P. K., & Rafiq, M. (1995). The role of internal marketing in the implementation of marketing strategies. Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science, 1(4), 32-51.
- Ahmed, P. K., & Rafiq, M. (2003). Internal marketing issues and challenges. European Journal of marketing, 37(9), 1177-1186.
- Alomari, M., Al-Zoubi, A. F., & Darabseh, F. M. (2018). The impact of factors affecting internal marketing on the quality of health services provided by public hospitals in Amman: An applied study. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 6(1), 58-78.
- Azzam, Z. (2016). Internal marketing as a tool for maintaining high quality services provided by services firms: A case of the hospitality industry in Jordan. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management. 4(4), 380-393.
- Ballantyne, D. (2000). Internal relationship marketing: a strategy for knowledge renewal. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 18(6), 274-286.
- Bansal, H. S., Mendelson, M. B., & Sharma, B. (2001). The impact of internal marketing activities on external marketing outcomes. Journal of quality management, 6(1), 61-76.
- Bekkers, M. H., & van Haastrecht, R. (1993). The foundations of internal marketing (pp. 140-164). Rotterdam Institute for Business Economic Studies, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
- Berry, L. L. (1981). The employee as customer. Journal of retail banking, 3(1), 33-40.
- Cano C.R. and Sams D. (2009), The importance of an internal marketing orientation in social services. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 14, 285–295.
- Delimpasi, I. (2013), Analysis and timeline development of tourism in Crete - foreign arrivals of foreign tourist arrivals, Dissertation, University of Piraeus, 2013.
- Ewing, M. T., & Caruana, A. (1999). An internal marketing approach to public sector management: the marketing and human resources interface. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 12(1), 17-29.
- Frost, F. A., & Kumar, M. (2000). INTSERVQUAL-an internal adaptation of the GAP model in a large service organisation. Journal of Services Marketing, 14(5), 358-377.
Gefen, D. (2002). Customer loyalty in e-commerce. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 3(1), 2.
- George, W. R. (1977). Retailing of services-challenging future. Journal of Retailing, 53(3), 85-98.
- George, W.R. (1990). Internal marketing and organisational behaviour: a partnership in developing customer-conscious employees at every level. Journal of Business Research, 20(1), 63-70.
- Glassman, M., & McAfee, B. (1992). Integrating the personnel and marketing functions: The challenge of the 1990s. Business Horizons, 35(3), 52-59.
- Grönroos, C. (1981). Internal marketing–an integral part of marketing theory. Marketing of services, 236-238.
- Hales, C. (1994). ‘Internal Marketing’ as an approach to human resource management: a new perspective or a metaphor too far?. Human Resource Management Journal, 5(1), 50-71.
- Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 87(2), 268.
- Heskett, J. L., & Schlesinger, L. A. (1994). Putting the service-profit chain to work. Harvard business review, 72(2), 164-174.
- Hogg, G., Carter, S., & Dunne, A. (1998). Investing in people: internal marketing and corporate culture. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(8), 879-895.
- Huang, Y. T., & Rundle-Thiele, S. (2014). The moderating effect of cultural congruence on the internal marketing practice and employee satisfaction relationship: An empirical examination of Australian and Taiwanese born tourism employees. Tourism Management, 42, 196-206.
- Hurley, R. F. (1998). Customer service behaviour in retail settings: A study of the effect of service provider personality. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(2), 115-127.
- Johnson, M., & Zinkhan, G. M. (1991). Emotional responses to a professional service encounter. Journal of Services Marketing, 5(2), 5-16.
- Kale, S. H. (2012). Internal marketing: An antidote for Macau's labour shortage. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 11(1), 1.
- Keaveney, S. M. (1995). Customer switching behaviour in service industries: An exploratory study. The Journal of Marketing, 71-82.
- Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing management: The millennium edition (pp. 87-103). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Kumar V., & Indu B. (2015), Internal marketing: A tool for success of Hotel Industry. Advances in Management, 8 (4).
- Lewis, B. R., & Entwistle, T. W. (1990). Managing the service encounter: a focus on the employee. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 1(3), 41-52.
- Lovelock, C. (2011). Services marketing: People, technology, strategy. Pearson Education India.
- Malhotra, N., & Mukherjee, A. (2004). The relative influence of organisational commitment and job satisfaction on service quality of customer-contact employees in banking call centres. Journal of Services Marketing, 18(3), 162-174.
- Marques, C. P., Leal, C. T., Marques, C. S., & Cabral, B. T. (2018). Internal marketing and job satisfaction in hotels in Via Costeira, Natal, Brazil. Tourism & Management Studies, 14(1), 36-42.
- Marshall, G. W., Baker, J., & Finn, D. W. (1998). Exploring internal customer service quality. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 13(4/5), 381-392.
- Meyer, A., & Westerbarkey, P. (1996). Measuring and managing hotel guest satisfaction. Service quality in hospitality organisations, 185-203.
- Murray, J. G. (1979). The importance of internal marketing. Bankers Magazine,46, 38-40.
- Olson, E. M., Slater, S. F., Hult, G. T. M., & Olson, K. M. (2018). The application of human resource management policies within the marketing organisation: The impact on business and marketing strategy implementation. Industrial Marketing Management, 69, 62-73.
- Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. The Journal of Marketing, 41-50.
- Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1991). Refinement and reassessment of the SERVQUAL scale. Journal of Retailing, 67(4), 420-450.
- Pfau, B., Detzel, D., & Geller, A. (1991). Satisfy your internal customers. Journal of Business Strategy, 12(6), 9-13.
- Piercy, N., & Morgan, N. (1990). Internal marketing: making marketing happen. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 8(1), 4-6.
- Piercy, N., & Morgan, N. (1991). Internal marketing—The missing half of the marketing programme. Long range planning, 24(2), 82-93.
- Piercy, N. F. (1995). Customer satisfaction and the internal market: marketing our customers to our employees. Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science, 1(1), 22-44.
- Quester, P. G., & Kelly, A. (1999). Internal marketing practices in the Australian financial sector: an exploratory study. Journal of Applied Management Studies,8(2), 217.
- Rafiq, M., & Ahmed, P. K. (2000). Advances in the internal marketing concept: definition, synthesis and extension. Journal of services marketing, 14(6), 449-462.
- Robledo, J. L. R., & Arán, M. V. (2014). Empirical analysis of the constituent factors of internal marketing orientation at Spanish hotels. Tourism & Management Studies, 10, 151-157.
- Sasser, W. E., & Arbeit, S. P. (1976). Selling jobs in the service sector. Business Horizons, 19(3), 61-65.
- Schneider, B., Gunnarson, S. K., & Niles-Jolly, K. (1994). Creating the climate and culture of success. Organizational Dynamics, 23(1), 17-29.
- Tag-Eldeen, A., & El-Said, O. A. (2011). Implementation of internal marketing on a sample of Egyptian five-star hotels. Anatolia, 22(2), 153-167.
- Varey, R. J. (1995). Internal marketing: a review and some interdisciplinary research challenges. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 6 (1), 40-63.
- Veal, A. (2006), Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism, London: Pearson Professional Ltd.
- Winter, J. P. (1985). Getting your house in order with internal marketing: A marketing prerequisite. Health Marketing Quarterly, 3(1), 69-77.
- Yasin, M., Correia, E., & Lisboa, J. (2004). The profitability of customer-targeted quality improvement efforts: an empirical examination. The TQM Magazine, 16(1), 45-49.
Zeithaml, V., & Bitner, M. J. (1996). Services marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Zouni, G., & Kouremenos, A. (2008). Do tourism providers know their visitors? An investigation of tourism experience at a destination. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 282-297.
INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNAL MARKETING TO HOTELS: THE CASE OF HOTELS OF THE CHANIA PREFECTURE, GREECE
Year 2019,
Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 87 - 107, 31.12.2019
Georgia Zounı
Evangelia Bogrı
İoanna Georgakı
Abstract
The hotel industry is directly associated with marketing in general, both the external and the internal one. Hotels are companies that provide services which means that the workforce of the company gets in direct (personal) touch with its customers. However, the implementation of internal marketing is not only proven indispensable for companies that provide services, but it can also apply to other types of companies, such as the industrial sector. The aim of the paper is twofold: (a) Measurement of the implementation of internal marketing as well as measurement of job satisfaction at the hotels of a particular area, and (b) Investigation of the awareness of directors-remaining administrative personnel and subordinates-employees on issues of internal marketing and job satisfaction. Results demonstrate low percentages of the implementation of internal marketing in hotels in the majority of aspects of internal marketing.
References
- Ahmed, P. K., & Rafiq, M. (1995). The role of internal marketing in the implementation of marketing strategies. Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science, 1(4), 32-51.
- Ahmed, P. K., & Rafiq, M. (2003). Internal marketing issues and challenges. European Journal of marketing, 37(9), 1177-1186.
- Alomari, M., Al-Zoubi, A. F., & Darabseh, F. M. (2018). The impact of factors affecting internal marketing on the quality of health services provided by public hospitals in Amman: An applied study. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 6(1), 58-78.
- Azzam, Z. (2016). Internal marketing as a tool for maintaining high quality services provided by services firms: A case of the hospitality industry in Jordan. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management. 4(4), 380-393.
- Ballantyne, D. (2000). Internal relationship marketing: a strategy for knowledge renewal. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 18(6), 274-286.
- Bansal, H. S., Mendelson, M. B., & Sharma, B. (2001). The impact of internal marketing activities on external marketing outcomes. Journal of quality management, 6(1), 61-76.
- Bekkers, M. H., & van Haastrecht, R. (1993). The foundations of internal marketing (pp. 140-164). Rotterdam Institute for Business Economic Studies, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
- Berry, L. L. (1981). The employee as customer. Journal of retail banking, 3(1), 33-40.
- Cano C.R. and Sams D. (2009), The importance of an internal marketing orientation in social services. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 14, 285–295.
- Delimpasi, I. (2013), Analysis and timeline development of tourism in Crete - foreign arrivals of foreign tourist arrivals, Dissertation, University of Piraeus, 2013.
- Ewing, M. T., & Caruana, A. (1999). An internal marketing approach to public sector management: the marketing and human resources interface. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 12(1), 17-29.
- Frost, F. A., & Kumar, M. (2000). INTSERVQUAL-an internal adaptation of the GAP model in a large service organisation. Journal of Services Marketing, 14(5), 358-377.
Gefen, D. (2002). Customer loyalty in e-commerce. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 3(1), 2.
- George, W. R. (1977). Retailing of services-challenging future. Journal of Retailing, 53(3), 85-98.
- George, W.R. (1990). Internal marketing and organisational behaviour: a partnership in developing customer-conscious employees at every level. Journal of Business Research, 20(1), 63-70.
- Glassman, M., & McAfee, B. (1992). Integrating the personnel and marketing functions: The challenge of the 1990s. Business Horizons, 35(3), 52-59.
- Grönroos, C. (1981). Internal marketing–an integral part of marketing theory. Marketing of services, 236-238.
- Hales, C. (1994). ‘Internal Marketing’ as an approach to human resource management: a new perspective or a metaphor too far?. Human Resource Management Journal, 5(1), 50-71.
- Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 87(2), 268.
- Heskett, J. L., & Schlesinger, L. A. (1994). Putting the service-profit chain to work. Harvard business review, 72(2), 164-174.
- Hogg, G., Carter, S., & Dunne, A. (1998). Investing in people: internal marketing and corporate culture. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(8), 879-895.
- Huang, Y. T., & Rundle-Thiele, S. (2014). The moderating effect of cultural congruence on the internal marketing practice and employee satisfaction relationship: An empirical examination of Australian and Taiwanese born tourism employees. Tourism Management, 42, 196-206.
- Hurley, R. F. (1998). Customer service behaviour in retail settings: A study of the effect of service provider personality. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(2), 115-127.
- Johnson, M., & Zinkhan, G. M. (1991). Emotional responses to a professional service encounter. Journal of Services Marketing, 5(2), 5-16.
- Kale, S. H. (2012). Internal marketing: An antidote for Macau's labour shortage. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 11(1), 1.
- Keaveney, S. M. (1995). Customer switching behaviour in service industries: An exploratory study. The Journal of Marketing, 71-82.
- Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing management: The millennium edition (pp. 87-103). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Kumar V., & Indu B. (2015), Internal marketing: A tool for success of Hotel Industry. Advances in Management, 8 (4).
- Lewis, B. R., & Entwistle, T. W. (1990). Managing the service encounter: a focus on the employee. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 1(3), 41-52.
- Lovelock, C. (2011). Services marketing: People, technology, strategy. Pearson Education India.
- Malhotra, N., & Mukherjee, A. (2004). The relative influence of organisational commitment and job satisfaction on service quality of customer-contact employees in banking call centres. Journal of Services Marketing, 18(3), 162-174.
- Marques, C. P., Leal, C. T., Marques, C. S., & Cabral, B. T. (2018). Internal marketing and job satisfaction in hotels in Via Costeira, Natal, Brazil. Tourism & Management Studies, 14(1), 36-42.
- Marshall, G. W., Baker, J., & Finn, D. W. (1998). Exploring internal customer service quality. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 13(4/5), 381-392.
- Meyer, A., & Westerbarkey, P. (1996). Measuring and managing hotel guest satisfaction. Service quality in hospitality organisations, 185-203.
- Murray, J. G. (1979). The importance of internal marketing. Bankers Magazine,46, 38-40.
- Olson, E. M., Slater, S. F., Hult, G. T. M., & Olson, K. M. (2018). The application of human resource management policies within the marketing organisation: The impact on business and marketing strategy implementation. Industrial Marketing Management, 69, 62-73.
- Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. The Journal of Marketing, 41-50.
- Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1991). Refinement and reassessment of the SERVQUAL scale. Journal of Retailing, 67(4), 420-450.
- Pfau, B., Detzel, D., & Geller, A. (1991). Satisfy your internal customers. Journal of Business Strategy, 12(6), 9-13.
- Piercy, N., & Morgan, N. (1990). Internal marketing: making marketing happen. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 8(1), 4-6.
- Piercy, N., & Morgan, N. (1991). Internal marketing—The missing half of the marketing programme. Long range planning, 24(2), 82-93.
- Piercy, N. F. (1995). Customer satisfaction and the internal market: marketing our customers to our employees. Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science, 1(1), 22-44.
- Quester, P. G., & Kelly, A. (1999). Internal marketing practices in the Australian financial sector: an exploratory study. Journal of Applied Management Studies,8(2), 217.
- Rafiq, M., & Ahmed, P. K. (2000). Advances in the internal marketing concept: definition, synthesis and extension. Journal of services marketing, 14(6), 449-462.
- Robledo, J. L. R., & Arán, M. V. (2014). Empirical analysis of the constituent factors of internal marketing orientation at Spanish hotels. Tourism & Management Studies, 10, 151-157.
- Sasser, W. E., & Arbeit, S. P. (1976). Selling jobs in the service sector. Business Horizons, 19(3), 61-65.
- Schneider, B., Gunnarson, S. K., & Niles-Jolly, K. (1994). Creating the climate and culture of success. Organizational Dynamics, 23(1), 17-29.
- Tag-Eldeen, A., & El-Said, O. A. (2011). Implementation of internal marketing on a sample of Egyptian five-star hotels. Anatolia, 22(2), 153-167.
- Varey, R. J. (1995). Internal marketing: a review and some interdisciplinary research challenges. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 6 (1), 40-63.
- Veal, A. (2006), Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism, London: Pearson Professional Ltd.
- Winter, J. P. (1985). Getting your house in order with internal marketing: A marketing prerequisite. Health Marketing Quarterly, 3(1), 69-77.
- Yasin, M., Correia, E., & Lisboa, J. (2004). The profitability of customer-targeted quality improvement efforts: an empirical examination. The TQM Magazine, 16(1), 45-49.
Zeithaml, V., & Bitner, M. J. (1996). Services marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Zouni, G., & Kouremenos, A. (2008). Do tourism providers know their visitors? An investigation of tourism experience at a destination. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 282-297.