İşçi Sınıfının Fordizm Karşısında Yenilgisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 101 - 110, 29.05.2022

Ömer Ersin Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.53048/johass.991775

Öz

Endüstri Devrimi’ni takip eden üretim güçlerinin gelişimi emek koşullarını radikal ölçüde insanlıktan çıkardı. Bu durum özellikle on dokuzuncu yüzyıl sonu ve yirminci yüzyıl başında tepkisel emek hareketlerine neden oldu. Ancak bu hareketler Ford Motor Fabrikası örneğinde olduğu gibi kapitalizmin temellerini sarsacak bir sınıf bilincinin gelişimi ile sonuçlanamadı. Şirketin günlük beş dolar uygulaması işçilerin herhangi bir sendikal harekete katılması şevkini kırdı. Bu makale, yoğunlaşmış sendikal hareketler ortasında Fordizmin yüksek ücret politikalarıyla işçi dayanışmasını parçalama başarısını incelemeyi amaçlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fordizm, günlük beş dolar, sınıf bilinci, emek hareketleri

The Failure of the Working Class in front of Fordism

Öz

The development of the production forces following the Industrial Revolution radically dehumanized the conditions of labor. This situation brought about the reactionary labor movements especially during the period between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. However, those reactions could not culminate in a class consciousness through which the laborers could organize to shatter the foundations of capitalism as it was the case in Ford Motor Company. The five-dollar day policy of the company achieved to demotivate the workers to take part in any syndical movement. This article aims to investigate the success of Fordism in dismantling the labor solidarity in the midst of an epoch of intensified syndical movements by means of high wage policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fordism, five-dollar day, class consciousness, labor movements

Kaynakça

• Adamic, L. (2010). Dynamite! Un siècle de violence de classe en amérique. Meudon: Sao Maï éditions.
• Anon. n.d. ‘1914 Dollars in 2017 | Inflation Calculator’. Retrieved 19 December (2017). (http://www.in2013dollars.com/1914-dollars-in-2017).
• Burgmann, V. (1995). Revolutionary Industrial Unionism: The Industrial Workers of the World in Australia. Londra: CUP Archive.
• Ford, H. (1988). Today and Tomorrow. Cambridge: Productivity Press.
• Foster, B. (1988). ‘The Fetish of Fordism – Henry Ford’s Economic Ideas’. Monthly Review of March, 1988.
• Fromm, E. (2013). Marx’s Concept of Man. Open Road Media.
• Furniss, E. S. (1965). The Position of the Laborer in a System of Nationalism: A Study in the Labor Theories of the Later English Mercantilists. Augustus M. Kelley.
• Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. International Publishers.
• Gregory, J. (2009). ‘Strikes & Unions in 1930s Washington State’. Retrieved 18 May 2022 (https://depts.washington.edu/depress/strikes_unions.shtml).
• Gryzanovski, E. (1872). ‘On the International Workingmen’s Association; Its Origin, Doctrines, and Ethics’. The North American Review 114 (235), 309–76.
• Guérin, D. (1977). Le Mouvement ouvrier aux États-Unis: de 1866 à nos jours. Paris: F. Maspero.
• Harrington, M. (1987). The Next Left: The History of a Future. 1st edition. New York, NY: Henry Holt & Co.
• Humphries, J. (2003). ‘Child Labor: Lessons from the Historical Experience of Today’s Industrial Economies’. The World Bank Economic Review 17(2), 175–96.
• Kimeldorf, H., and Judith S. N. (1992). ‘Historical Studies of Labor Movements in the United States’. Annual Review of Sociology 18(1), 495–517. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.18.080192.002431.
• Mackaman, T. (2014). ‘100 Years since Ford’s Five Dollar Day’. Retrieved 12 August 2018 (https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2014/03/05/ford-m05.html).
• Marx, K., and Friedrich E. (1974). The German Ideology. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
• Marx, K. (1955). The Communist Manifesto. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
• Marx, K. (1976). Capital Volume 1: A Critiqe of Political Economy. London: Penguin Books.
• Meyer, S. (1981). The Five Dollar Day: Labor Management and Social Control in the Ford Motor Company, 1908-1921. First Edition. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
• Nelson, D. (1984). ‘Le Taylorisme Dans l’industrie Américaine: 1900-1930’. Pp. 51–64 in Le Taylorisme : Actes du colloque international sur le taylorisme organisé par l’Unviersité de Paris XIII 2-4 mai 1983. Paris: Editions La Découverte.
• Nevins, A. (1954). Ford: The Times, the Man, the Company. Scribner.
• Pannekoek, A. (1936). ‘Trade Unionism’. International Council Correspondence 2(2).
• Sharpe, P. (2012). ‘Explaining the Short Stature of the Poor: Chronic Childhood Disease and Growth in Nineteenth-Century England’. The Economic History Review 65(4):1475–94.
• Smith, A. (2007). The Wealth of Nations: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Harriman House Limited.
• Smith, M. (2001). ‘“Let’s Make Detroit a Union Town”: The History of Labor and the Working Class in the Motor City’. Michigan Historical Review 27(2):157–73. doi: 10.2307/20173931.
• Sobel, R. (1999). Panic on Wall Street: A History of America’s Financial Disasters. Beard Books.
• Taylor, F. W. (2004). Scientific Management. Routledge.
• Tsutsui, W. M. (2001). Manufacturing Ideology: Scientific Management in Twentieth-Century Japan. Princeton University Press.
• Walker, M. (2011). Kant, Schopenhauer and Morality: Recovering the Categorical Imperative. Springer.
• Wood, J. C., and Michael C. Wood. (2003). Henry Ford: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management. Taylor & Francis.