A review on Risk Reduction Potentials of Artificial Intelligence in Humanitarian Aid Sector

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 184 - 205, 28.10.2022

Ahmet Efe

https://doi.org/10.53048/johass.1189814

Abstract

Many humanitarian system bottlenecks can be overcome with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) and other complementary emerging innovative technologies. Research and investment in the development of AI tools tailored to resource-poor settings will accelerate the realization of the full potential of AI to improve global well-being. It is argued that AI algorithms and machine learning techniques have become necessary in humanitarian aid operations due to their impact on efficiency and effectiveness. The study further argues that AI has the potential to support humanitarian INGOs like the IFRC and recommends that current risks, including those related to ethical issues and privacy concerns, should be addressed so that they are not deployed at the expense of humanity. Various analyzes and evaluations are made in this direction, claiming that critical issues such as need assessment, estimation, method determination, field monitoring, auditing, and reporting in humanitarian aid are to be realized through innovative technology with relatively less resources allocated. That is why the practical and efficient use of humanitarian aid funds spent by relevant institutions has become a critical issue. In this study, the applicability of AI to humanitarian aid is evaluated in terms of technical capability under the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) program operated by IRFC Türkiye.

Keywords

Humanitarian aid, artificial intelligence, smart systems, non-discrimination, neutrality, disaster recovery

A review on Risk Reduction Potentials of Artificial Intelligence in Humanitarian Aid Sector

Abstract

Yapay zeka (YZ) ve diğer tamamlayıcı yeni ortaya çıkan yenilikçi teknolojilerin yardımıyla birçok insani sistem darboğazlarını aşılabilir. Kaynakların yetersiz olduğu ortamlara göre uyarlanmış YZ araçlarının geliştirilmesine yönelik araştırma ve yatırım, küresel refahı iyileştirmek için YZ’nin tüm potansiyelinin gerçekleştirilmesini hızlandıracaktır. YZ algoritmalarının ve makine öğrenimi tekniklerinin, verimlilik ve etkililik üzerindeki etkileri nedeniyle insani yardım operasyonlarında gerekli hale geldiği tartışılmaktadır. Makale ayrıca, AI'nın IFRC gibi insani yardım aktörlerini destekleme potansiyeline sahip olduğunu iddia ediyor ve etik konular ve mahremiyet endişeleriyle ilgili olanlar da dahil olmak üzere mevcut risklerin, insanlığın pahasına konuşlandırılmaması için ele alınması gerektiğini tavsiye ediyor. İnsani yardım süreçlerinde ihtiyaç belirleme, tahmin, yöntem belirleme, saha izleme, denetleme, raporlama gibi kritik konuların yenilikçi teknoloji ile nispeten daha az kaynak ayrılarak gerçekleştirileceği iddiasıyla bu doğrultuda çeşitli analizler ve değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. Bu nedenle ilgili kurumlar tarafından harcanan insani yardım fonlarının pratik ve verimli kullanımı kritik bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, AI'nın insani yardıma uygulanabilirliği, IRFC Türkiye tarafından yürütülen Acil Sosyal Güvenlik Ağı (SUY) programı kapsamında teknik yeterlilik açısından değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

İnsani yardım, yapay zeka, akıllı sistemler, ayrımcılık yapmama, tarafsızlık, felaket kurtarma

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